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Shurakov A, Tong E, Blundell R, Gol'tsman G. Microwave stabilization of HEB mixer by a microchip controller. In: IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium digest.; 2012. p. 1–3.
Abstract: The stability of a Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer can be improved by the use of microwave injection. In this article we report a refinement of this approach. We introduce a microchip controller to facilitate the implementation of the stabilization scheme, and demonstrate that the feedback loop effectively suppresses drifts in the HEB bias current, leading to an improvement in the receiver stability. The measured Allan time of the mixer's IF output power is increased to > 10 s.
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Khosropanah P, Merkel H, Yngvesson S, Adam A, Cherednichenko S, Kollberg E. A distributed device model for phonon-cooled HEB mixers predicting IV characteristics, gain, noise and IF bandwidth. In: Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA; 2000. p. 474–88.
Abstract: A distributed model for phonon-cooled superconductor hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is given, which is based on solving the one-dimensional heat balance equation for the electron temperature profile along the superconductor strip. In this model it is assumed that the LO power is absorbed uniformly along the bridge but the DC power absorption depends on the local resistivity and is thus not uniform. The electron temperature dependence of the resistivity is assumed to be continuous and has a Fermi form. These assumptions are used in setting up the non-linear heat balance equation, which is solved numerically for the electron temperature profile along the bolometer strip. Based on this profile the resistance of the device and the IV curves are calculated. The IV curves are in excellent agreement with measurement results. Using a small signal model the conversion gain of the mixer is obtained. The expressions for Johnson noise and thermal fluctuation noise are derived. The calculated results are in close agreement with measurements, provided that one of the parameters used is adjusted.
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Kooi JW. Advanced receivers for submillimeter and far infrared astronomy [Doctoral thesis].; 2008.
Keywords: HEB, SIS, TES, NEP, noise temperature, IF bandwidth, waveguide, impedance, conversion gain, FTS, integrated array, stability, Allan variance, multi-layer antireflection coating
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Elant'ev AI, Karasik BS. Effect of high-frequency current on Nb superconductive film in resistive state. Sov J Low Temp Phys. 1989;15(7):379–83.
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Kaganov ML, Lifshitz IM, Tanatarov LV. Relaxation between electrons and the crystalline lattice. Sov Phys JETP. 1957;4(2):173–8.
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