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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; de Korte, P.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers: sensitivity, LO power, direct detection and stability |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
484-489 |
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HEB mixers, direct detection effect, stability, Allan variance |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. Both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, using a 0.4/spl times/4 /spl mu/m HEB mixer with a spiral antenna. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. To comply with current demands on THz mixers for use in space based receivers we reduce the device size to 0.15/spl times/1 /spl mu/m and use a twin slot antenna. We report measurements of the noise temperature, LO power requirement, stability and the direct detection effect, using a mixer with a 1.6 THz twin slot antenna and a 1.462 THz solid state LO source with calibrated output power. |
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1051-8223 |
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546 |
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Klapwijk, T. M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A. |
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Title |
Improved superconducting hot-electron bolometer devices for the THz range |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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5498 |
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129-139 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer distributed model, numerical model |
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Improved and reproducible heterodyne mixing (noise temperatures of 950 K at 2.5 THz) has been realized with NbN based hot-electron superconducting devices with low contact resistances. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, has been used to understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We find that the mixing is predominantly due to the exponential rise of the local resistivity as a function of electron temperature. |
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Invited talk, Recommended by Klapwijk |
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912 |
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Hajenius, M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Local resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
495-498 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer distributed model, HEB distributed model, distributed HEB model |
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Hot-electron bolometer devices, used successfully in low noise heterodyne mixing at frequencies up to 2.5 THz, have been analyzed. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, is used to model pumped IV curves and understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We argue that the mixing is predominantly due to the strongly temperature dependent local resistivity of the NbN. Experimentally we identify the origins of different transition temperatures in a real HEB device, suggesting the importance of the intrinsic resistive transition of the superconducting bridge in the modeling. |
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980 |
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Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kooi, J. W.; Jellema, W.; Yang, Z. Q. |
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Title |
Full characterization and analysis of a terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer |
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2006 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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100 |
Issue |
7 |
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074507 |
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Keywords |
HEB |
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0021-8979 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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385 |
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Floet, D. Wilms; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gao, J. R. |
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Title |
Resistive transition of niobium superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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1998 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2826 |
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HEB |
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0003-6951 |
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543 |
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