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Author Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Vetter, A.; Kahl, O.; Lee, C.; Korneev, A.; Rockstuhl, C.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pernice, W.
Title Hot-spot relaxation time current dependence in niobium nitride waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication Opt. Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express
Volume 25 Issue 8 Pages 8739-8750
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, photon counting; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Integrated optics; Multiphoton processes; Photon statistics
Abstract (up) We investigate how the bias current affects the hot-spot relaxation dynamics in niobium nitride. We use for this purpose a near-infrared pump-probe technique on a waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector driven in the two-photon regime. We observe a strong increase in the picosecond relaxation time for higher bias currents. A minimum relaxation time of (22 +/- 1)ps is obtained when applying a bias current of 50% of the switching current at 1.7 K bath temperature. We also propose a practical approach to accurately estimate the photon detection regimes based on the reconstruction of the measured detector tomography at different bias currents and for different illumination conditions.
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Call Number RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ Serial 1118
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Author Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P.
Title Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 106 Issue 15 Pages 151101 (1 to 5)
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract (up) We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents.

W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's.

The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Serial 1211
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Author Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
Title Integrated Bragg waveguides as an efficient optical notch filter on silicon nitride platform Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume 917 Issue Pages 062042
Keywords Si3N4, Bragg waveguides
Abstract (up) We modeled and fabricated integrated optical Bragg waveguides on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. These waveguides would serve as efficient notch-filters with the desired characteristics. Transmission spectra of the fabricated integrated notch filters have been measured and attenuation at the desired wavelength of 1550 nm down to -43 dB was observed. Performance of the filters has been studied depending on different parameters, such as pitch, filling factor, and height of teeth of the Bragg grating
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Call Number RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ Serial 1141
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Author Polyakova, M.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
Title Protocol of measuring hot-spot correlation length for SNSPDs with near-unity detection efficiency Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 1-5
Keywords SSPD, waveguide-integrated SNSPD, hot-spot interaction length
Abstract (up) We present a simple quantum detector tomography protocol, which allows, without ambiguities, to measure the two-spot detection efficiency and extract the hot-spot interaction length of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) with unity intrinsic detection efficiency. We identify a significant parasitic contribution to the measured two-spot efficiency, related to an effect of the bias circuit, and find a way to rule out this contribution during data post-processing and directly in the experiment. From the data analysis for waveguide-integrated SNSPD, we find signatures of the saturation of the two-spot efficiency and hot-spot interaction length of order of 100 nm.
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ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Serial 1187
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Author Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Goltsman, G.
Title Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors for Integrated Nanophotonics Circuits Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication 16th ISEC Abbreviated Journal 16th ISEC
Volume Issue Pages 1-3
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract (up) We present an overview of our recent achievements in integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SNSPD with dielectric optical waveguides. We are able to produce complex nanophotonics integrated circuits containing optical elements and photon detector on single chip thus producing a compact integrated platform for quantum optics applications.
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Call Number 8314200 Serial 1200
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