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Verevkin, A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Currie, M.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications |
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Year |
2004 |
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J. Modern Opt. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
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51 |
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9-10 |
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1447-1458 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3–1.55 μn infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2. at 1.3 μm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers. |
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0950-0340 |
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1488 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
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2.5 THz heterodyne receiver with NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
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372-376 |
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448-453 |
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NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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We describe a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver for applications in astronomy and atmospheric research. The receiver employs a superconducting NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer mixer and an optically pumped far-infrared gas laser as local oscillator. 2200 K double sideband mixer noise temperature was measured at 2.5 THz across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. The total conversion losses were 17 dB. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring the methanol line in emission. Observed pressure broadening confirms the true heterodyne detection regime of the mixer. |
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0921-4534 |
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1526 |
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Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Nonequilibrium kinetic inductive response of YBaCuO thin films to low-power laser pulses |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Phys. C: Supercond. |
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Phys. C: Supercond. |
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235-240 |
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1979-1980 |
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YBCO HTS KID |
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Transient non-equilibrium kinetic inductive voltage response of YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 μm and 1.5 μm wavelength has been revealed. By increasing the sensitivity of 100 ps resolution time registration system and diminishing light intensity (fluence 0.1-1 μJ2/cm2) and transport current (density j≤105 A/cm2) we observed a perculiar bipolar signal form with nearly equal amplitudes of each sign. The integration of the kinetic inductive response over time gives the result which is qualitatively of the same form as the response in the resistive and normal states: nonequilibrium picosecond scale component followed by bolometric nanosecond. Nonequilibrium response is interpreted as suppression of order parameter by excess of quasiparticles followed by a change in resistance in the resistive state and kinetic inductance in superconductive state. |
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0921-4534 |
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1634 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Processes of electron-phonon interaction in thin YBaCuO films |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
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185-189 |
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1371-1372 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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The ultrafast voltage response of YBaCuO films to laser radiation is studied and compared with previously investigated quasiparicles response to radiation of submillimeter wavelength range. Voltage shift under the visible light radiation has two components. Picosecond response realized as suppression superconductivity by nonequilibrium excess quasiparticles, response time is determined by quasiparticles recombination rate. Nanosecond response is probably due to bolometric effect. |
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0921-4534 |
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1676 |
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Gousev, Y. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Electron-phonon interaction in disordered NbN films |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Phys. B Condens. Mat. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. B Condens. Mat. |
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194-196 |
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1355-1356 |
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NbN films |
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Electron-phonon interaction time has been investigated in disordered films of NbN. A temperatures below 5.5 K tau_eph ~ T -1"6 which is attributed to the renormalisation of phonon spectrum in thin films. |
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0921-4526 |
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1649 |
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