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Tretyakov, Ivan; Seliverstov, Sergey; Zolotov, Philipp; Kaurova, Natalya; Voronov, Boris; Finkel, Matvey; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Noise temperature and noise bandwidth of hot-electron bolometer mixer at 3.8 THz |
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2014 |
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Proc. 25th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 25th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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77 |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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We report on our recent results of double sideband (DSB) noise temperature and bandwidth measurements of quasi-optical hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers at local oscillator frequency of 3.8 THz. The HEB mixers used in this work were made of a NbN thin film and had a superconducting transition temperature of about 10.3 K. To couple terahertz radiation, the NbN microbridge (0.2 μm long and 2 μm wide) was integrated with a planar logarithmic-spiral antenna. The mixer chip was glued to an elliptical Si lens clamped tightly to a mixer block mounted on the 4.2 K plate of a liquid helium cryostat. The terahertz radiation was fed into the HEB device through the cryostat window made of a 0.5 mm thick HDPE. A band-pass mesh filter was mounted on the 4.2 K plate to minimize the direct detection effect [1]. We used a gas discharge laser irradiating at 3.8 THz H 2 0 line as a local oscillator (LO). The LO power was combined with a black body broadband radiation via Mylar beam splitter. Our receiver allows heterodyne detection with an intermediate frequency (IF) of a several gigahertz which dictates usage of a wideband SiGe low noise amplifier [2]. The receiver IF output signal was further amplified at room temperature and fed into a square-law power detector through a band-pass filter. The DSB receiver noise temperature was measured using a conventional Y-factor technique at IF of 1.25 GHz and band of 40 MHz. Using wideband amplifiers at both cryogenic and room temperature stages we have estimated IF bandwidth of the HEB mixers used. The obtained results strengthen the position of the HEB mixer as one of the most important tools for submillimeter astronomy. This device operates well above the energy gap (at frequencies above 1 THz) where performance of state-of-the-art SIS mixers starts to degrade. So, HEB mixers are expected to be a device of choice in astrophysical observations (ground-, aircraft- and space-based) at THz frequencies due to its excellent noise performance and low LO power requirements. The HEB mixers will be in operation on Millimetron Space Observatory. References 1. J. J. A. Baselmans, A. Baryshev, S. F. Reker, M. Hajenius, J. R. Gao, T. M. Klapwijk, Yu. Vachtomin, S. Maslennikov, S. Antipov, B. Voronov, and G. Gol'tsman, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 163503 (2005). 2. Sander Weinreb, Life Fellow, IEEE, Joseph C. Bardin, Student Member, IEEE, and Hamdi Mani, “Design of Cryogenic SiGe Low-Noise Amplifiers”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55, 11, 2007. |
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Dauler, Eric; Kerman, Andrew; Robinson, Bryan; Yang, Joel; Voronov, Boris; Goltsman, Gregory; Hamilton, Scott; Berggren, Karl |
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Photon-number-resolution with sub-30-ps timing using multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detectors |
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2009 |
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J. Modern Opt. |
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J. Modern Opt. |
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56 |
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2 |
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364-373 |
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PNR SSPD; SNSPD; photon-number-resolution; superconducting nanowire single photon detector; timing jitter; system detection efficiency |
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A photon-number-resolving detector based on a four-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector is demonstrated to have sub-30-ps resolution in measuring the arrival time of individual photons. This detector can be used to characterize the photon statistics of non-pulsed light sources and to mitigate dead-time effects in high-speed photon counting applications. Furthermore, a 25% system detection efficiency at 1550 nm was demonstrated, making the detector useful for both low-flux source characterization and high-speed photon-counting and quantum communication applications. The design, fabrication and testing of this detector are described, and a comparison between the measured and theoretical performance is presented. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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700 |
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Bandurin, Denis; Svintsov, Dmitry; Gayduchenko, Igor; Xu, Shuigang; Principi, Alessandro; Moskotin, Maksim; Tretyakov, Ivan; Yagodkin, Denis; Zhukov, Sergey; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Grigorieva, Irina; Polini, Marco; Goltsman, Gregory; Geim, Andre; Fedorov, Georgy |
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Resonant terahertz photoresponse and superlattice plasmons in graphene field-effect transistors |
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2019 |
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APS March Meeting |
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APS March Meeting |
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F14.015 |
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Plasmons, collective oscillations of electron systems, can couple light and electric current, and thus can be used to create compact photodetectors, radiation mixers, and spectrometers. Despite the effort, it has proven challenging to implement plasmonic devices operating at THz frequencies. The material capable to meet this challenge is graphene as it supports long-lived electrically-tunable plasmons. In this talk, we will demonstrate plasmon-assisted resonant detection of THz radiation by antenna-coupled graphene FETs that act as both rectifying elements and plasmonic Fabry-Perot cavities amplifying the photoresponse. We will show that by varying the plasmon velocity using gate voltage, our detectors can be tuned between multiple resonant modes, a functionality that we apply to measure plasmons' wavelength and lifetime in graphene as well as to probe collective modes in its moire minibands. Our approach offers a convenient tool for further plasmonic research that is often difficult under non-ambient conditions and promises a viable route for various THz applications. We acknowledge Leverhulme Trust, Russian Science Foundation Grants N18-72-00234 and 17-72-30036, Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-57-06001 and 16-29-03402. |
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1290 |
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Samsonova, Alena; Zolotov, Philipp; Baeva, Elmira; Lomakin, Andrey; Titova, Nadezhda; Kardakova, Anna; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in thin niobium films |
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2021 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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1-1 |
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Temperature measurement, Temperature dependence, Superconducting magnets, Superconducting transition temperature, Substrates, Resistance, Scattering |
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We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder (kFl 150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm-2, which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. |
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1051-8223 |
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1162 |
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Kuzin, Aleksei; Elmanov, Ilia; Kovalyuk, Vadim; An, Pavel; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Silicon nitride focusing grating coupler for input and output light of NV-centers |
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2020 |
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Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
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Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
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349-353 |
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NV-centers, focusing grating coupler |
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Here we presented the numerical results for the calculation of focusing grating coupler efficiency in the visible wavelength range. Using the finite element method, the optimal geometric parameters, including filling factor and grating period for a central wavelength of 637 nm, were found. Obtained results allow to input/output single-photon radiation from NV-centers, and can be used for research and development of a scalable on-chip quantum optical computing. |
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2724-0029 |
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978-88-85741-44-7 |
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32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium |
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1841 |
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Elmanov, Ilia; Elmanova, Anna; Kovalyuk, Vadim; An, Pavel; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Silicon nitride photonic crystal cavity coupled with NV-centers in nanodiamonds |
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2020 |
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Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
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Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
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344-348 |
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The development of integrated quantum photonics requires a high efficient excitation and coupling of a single photon source with on-chip devices. In this paper, we show our results of modelling for high-Q photonic crystal cavity, optimized for zero phonon line emission of NV-centers in nanodiamonds. Modelling was performed for the silicon nitride platform and obtained a quality factor equals to 6136 at 637 nm wavelength. |
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NV-centers, nanodiamonds |
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2724-0029 |
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978-88-85741-44-7 |
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32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium |
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1840 |
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Pentin, Ivan; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikov, Sergey; Vakhtomin, Yuri; Smirnov, Konstantin; Kaurova, Nataliya; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixers for the mid-IR |
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2017 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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IR NbN HEB mixers |
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The work presents the result of development of the NbN superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer. The sensitive element of the mixer is directly coupled to mid-IR radiation, and doesn’t have planar metallic antenna. Investigations of noise characteristics of NbN HEB mixer were performed at the frequency 28.4 THz (λ = 10.6 µm) by using gas-discharge CW CO2-laser without consideration of optical and electrical losses in the heterodyne receiver. The noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer with the size of the sensitive element 10 µm × 10 µm was 2320 K (~ 1.5hν/kB) at the heterodyne frequency of 28.4 THz. The noise temperature was determined by measuring the Y-factor taking into account the term which describes fluctuations of zero-point oscillations in accordance with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of Calle-Welton. Isothermal method was used to estimate the absorbed heterodyne radiation power which was 9 µW at the optimal operating point for the minimum noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer. |
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http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/oct17/9/abstract.html (Russian) Гетеродинный приемник со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на эффекте электронного разогрева для среднего инфракрасного диапазона |
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Goltsman, Gregory |
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Superconducting thin film nanostructures as terahertz and infrared heterodyne and direct detectors |
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2017 |
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16th ISEC |
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16th ISEC |
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Th-I-QTE-03 (1 to 3) |
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waveguide SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chipquantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device. |
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IEEE/CSC & ESAS Superconductivity News Forum |
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1745 |
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Ryabchun, Sergey; Tong, Cheuk-Yu Edward; Paine, Scott; Lobanov, Yury; Blundell, Raymond; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Temperature resolution of an HEB receiver at 810 GHz |
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2009 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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19 |
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3 |
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293-296 |
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HEB mixer |
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We present the results of direct measurements of the temperature resolution of an HEB receiver operating at 810 GHz, in both continuum and spectroscopic modes. In the continuum mode, the input of the receiver was switched between black bodies with different physical temperatures. With a system noise temperature of around 1100 K, the receiver was able to resolve loads which differed in temperature by about 1 K over an integration time of 5 seconds. This resolution is significantly worse than the value of 0.07 K given by the radiometer equation. In the spectroscopic mode, a gas cell filled with carbonyl sulphide (OCS) gas was used and the emission line at 813.3537060 GHz was measured using the receiver in conjunction with a digital spectrometer. From the observed spectra, we determined that the measurement uncertainty of the equivalent emission temperature was 2.8 K for an integration time of 0.25 seconds and a spectral resolution of 12 MHz, compared to a 1.4 K temperature resolution given by the radiometer equation. This relative improvement is due to the fact that at short integration times the contribution from 1/f noise and drift are less dominant. In both modes, the temperature resolution was improved by about 40% with the use of a feedback loop which adjusted the level of an injected microwave radiation to maintain a constant operating current of the HEB mixer. This stabilization scheme has proved to be very effective to keep the temperature resolution of the HEB receiver to close to the theoretical value given by the radiometer equation. |
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Sych, Denis; Shcherbatenko, Michael; Elezov, Michael; Goltsman, Gregory N. |
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Towards the improvement of the heterodyne receiver sensitivity beyond the quantum noise limit |
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2018 |
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Proc. 29th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 29th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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245-247 |
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standard quantum limit, sub-SQL quantum receiver, Kennedy receiver, SSPD, SNSPD |
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Noise reduction in heterodyne receivers of the terahertz range is an important issue for astronomical applications. Quantum fluctuations, also known as shot noise, prohibit errorless measurements of the amplitude of electro-magnetic waves, and introduce the so-called standard quantum limit (SQL) on the minimum error of the heterodyne measurements. Nowadays, the sensitivity of modern heterodyne receivers approaches the SQL, and the growing demand for the improvement of measurement precision stimulates a number of both theoretical and experimental efforts to design novel measurement techniques aimed at overcoming the SQL. Here we demonstrate the first steps towards the practical implementation of a sub-SQL quantum receiver. As the principal resources, it requires a highly efficient single-photon counting detector and an interferometer-based scheme for mixing the signal with a low-power local oscillator. We describe the idea of such receiver and its main components. |
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