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Smirnov, K. V.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Slivinskaya, E. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Fiber coupled single photon receivers based on superconducting detectors for quantum communications and quantum cryptography |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
7138 |
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713827 (1 to 6) |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single photon detector, ultra-thin superconducting films, optical fiber coupling, ready to use receiver |
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Abstract |
At present superconducting detectors become increasingly attractive for various practical applications. In this paper we present results on the depelopment of fiber coupled receiver systems for the registration of IR single photons, optimized for telecommunication and quantum-cryptography. These receiver systems were developed on the basis of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) of VIS and IR wavelength ranges. The core of the SSPD is a narrow ( 100 nm) and long ( 0,5 mm) strip in the form of a meander which is patterned from a 4-nm-thick NbN film (TC=10-11 K, jC= 5-7•106 A/cm2); the sensitive area dimensions are 10×10 μm2. The main problem to be solved while the receiver system development was optical coupling of a single-mode fiber (9 microns in diameter) with the SSPD sensitive area. Characteristics of the developed system at the optical input are as follows: quantum efficiency >10 % (at 1.3 μm), >4 % (at 1.55 μm); dark counts rate ≤1 s-1; duration of voltage pulse ≤5 ns; jitter ≤40 ps. The receiver systems have either one or two identical channels (for the case of carrying out correlation measurements) and are made as an insert in a helium storage Dewar. |
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Spie |
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Tománek, P.; Senderáková, D.; Hrabovský, M. |
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1405 |
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Author |
Korneev, A. A. |
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Title |
Superconducting NbN microstrip single-photon detectors |
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Abstract |
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2021 |
Publication |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
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11771 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) invented two decades ago have evolved to a mature technology and have become devices of choice in the advanced applications of quantum optics, such as quantum cryptography and optical quantum computing. In these applications SSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers and feature almost unity detection efficiency, negligible dark counts, picosecond timing jitter and MHz photon count rate. Meanwhile, there are great many applications requiring coupling to multi-mode fibers or free space. ‘Classical’ SSPDs with 100-nm-wide superconducting strip and covering area of about 100 µm2 are not suitable for further scaling due to degradation of performance and low fabrication yield. Recently we have demonstrated single-photon counting in micron-wide superconducting bridges and strips. Here we present our approach to the realization of practical photon-counting detectors of large enough area to be efficiently coupled to multi-mode fibers or free space. The detector is either a meander or a spiral of 1-µm-wide strip covering an area of 50x50 µm2. Being operated at 1.7K temperature it demonstrates the saturated detection efficiency (i.e. limited by the absorption in the detector) up to 1550 nm wavelength, about 10 ns dead time and timing jitter in range 50-100 ps. |
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SPIE |
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Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. |
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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2021, Online Only |
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1784 |
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Manova, N. N.; Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A. |
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Developing of NbN films for superconducting microstrip single-photon detector |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1695 |
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012116 (1 to 5) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films |
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We optimized NbN films on a Si substrate with a buffer SiO2 layer to produce superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current. We varied thickness of films and observed the maximum QE saturation for device based on the thinner film with the lowest ratio RS300/RS20. |
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1742-6588 |
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1786 |
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Polyakova, M. I.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V. |
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Title |
Comparison single- and double- spot detection efficiencies of SSPD based to MoSi and NbN films |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1695 |
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Pages |
012146 (1 to 3) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, MoSi |
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In this work, we present results of quantum detector tomography of superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on MoSi film, and compare them with previously reported data on NbN. We find that for both materials hot spot interaction length coincides with the strip width, and the dependence of single and double-spot detection efficiencies on bias current are compatible with sufficiently large hot-spot size, approaching the strip width. |
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1742-6588 |
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1787 |
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Vodolazov, D. Y.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Vortex-assisted mechanism of photon counting in a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector revealed by external magnetic field |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
104503 (1 to 9) |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
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We use an external magnetic field to probe the detection mechanism of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We argue that the hot belt model (which assumes partial suppression of the superconducting order parameter Δ across the whole width of the superconducting nanowire after absorption of the photon) does not explain observed weak-field dependence of the photon count rate (PCR) for photons with λ=450nm and noticeable decrease of PCR (with increasing the magnetic field) in a range of the currents for photons with wavelengths λ=450–1200nm. Found experimental results for all studied wavelengths can be explained by the vortex hot spot model (which assumes partial suppression of Δ in the area with size smaller than the width of the nanowire) if one takes into account nucleation and entrance of the vortices to the photon induced hot spot and their pinning by the hot spot with relatively large size and strongly suppressed Δ. |
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1098-0121 |
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1343 |
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Sidorova, M. V.; Kozorezov, A. G.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Nonbolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin WSi films |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
97 |
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18 |
Pages |
184512 (1 to 13) |
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Keywords |
WSi films, diffusion constant, SSPD, SNSPD |
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We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in τe−ph∼140–190 ps at TC=3.4K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques. |
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2469-9950 |
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1305 |
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Vorobyov, V. V.; Kazakov, A. Y.; Soshenko, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Shalaginov, M. Y.; Bolshedvorskii, S. V.; Sorokin, V. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Akimov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Superconducting detector for visible and near-infrared quantum emitters [Invited] |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Opt. Mater. Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Mater. Express |
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7 |
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2 |
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513-526 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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Further development of quantum emitter based communication and sensing applications intrinsically depends on the availability of robust single-photon detectors. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors specifically optimized for the 500–1100 nm wavelength range, which overlaps with the emission spectrum of many interesting solid-state atom-like systems, such as nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. The fabricated detectors have a wide dynamic range (up to 350 million counts per second), low dark count rate (down to 0.1 counts per second), excellent jitter (62 ps), and the possibility of on-chip integration with a quantum emitter. In addition to performance characterization, we tested the detectors in real experimental conditions involving nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy emitters enhanced by a hyperbolic metamaterial. |
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2159-3930 |
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1234 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Dobrovolskiy, O. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Vodolazov, D. Y. |
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Different single-photon response of wide and narrow superconducting MoxSi1−x strips |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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Phys. Rev. Applied |
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13 |
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2 |
Pages |
024011 (1 to 7) |
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MoSi SSPD, SNSPD |
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The photon count rate (PCR) of superconducting single-photon detectors made of MoxSi1−x films shaped as a 2-μm-wide strip and a 115-nm-wide meander strip line is studied experimentally as a function of the dc biasing current at different values of the perpendicular magnetic field. For the wide strip, a crossover current Icross is observed, below which the PCR increases with an increasing magnetic field and above which it decreases. This behavior contrasts with the narrow MoxSi1−x meander, for which no crossover current is observed, thus suggesting different photon-detection mechanisms in the wide and narrow strips. Namely, we argue that in the wide strip the absorbed photon destroys superconductivity locally via the vortex-antivortex mechanism for the emergence of resistance, while in the narrow meander superconductivity is destroyed across the whole strip line, forming a hot belt. Accordingly, the different photon-detection mechanisms associated with vortices and the hot belt determine the qualitative difference in the dependence of the PCR on the magnetic field. |
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2331-7019 |
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1790 |
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Peltonen, J. T.; Astafiev, O. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Charaev, I. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Golt'sman, G. N.; Ioffe, L. B.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Tsai, J. S. |
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Coherent flux tunneling through NbN nanowires |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
88 |
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22 |
Pages |
220506 (1 to 5) |
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NbN nanowires |
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We demonstrate evidence of coherent magnetic flux tunneling through superconducting nanowires patterned in a thin highly disordered NbN film. The phenomenon is revealed as a superposition of flux states in a fully metallic superconducting loop with the nanowire acting as an effective tunnel barrier for the magnetic flux, and reproducibly observed in different wires. The flux superposition achieved in the fully metallic NbN rings proves the universality of the phenomenon previously reported for InOx. We perform microwave spectroscopy and study the tunneling amplitude as a function of the wire width, compare the experimental results with theories, and estimate the parameters for existing theoretical models. |
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1098-0121 |
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Glejm, A. V.; Anisimov, A. A.; Asnis, L. N.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Egorov, V. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Kynev, S. M.; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Rupasov, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kozlov, S. A. |
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Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics |
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78 |
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3 |
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171-175 |
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SSPD, SNSPD, applications |
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An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described. |
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1062-8738 |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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940 |
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