| Records |
Author  |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W. |
| Title |
A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
85-95 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz. |
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Place of Publication |
Cambridge, MA, USA |
Editor |
Harward University |
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no |
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Serial |
332 |
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| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Local oscillator power requirement and saturation effects in NbN HEB mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
273-285 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range |
| Abstract |
The local oscillator power required for NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers (P LO ) was investigated with respect to mixer size, critical temperature and ambient temperature. P LO can be decreased by a factor of 10 as the mixer size decreases from 4×0.4 µm 2 to 0.6×0.13 µm 2 . For the smallest volume mixer the optimal local oscillator power was found to be 15 nW. We found that for such mixer no signal compression was observed up to an input signal of 2 nW which corresponds to an equivalent input load of 20,000 K. For a constant mixer volume, reduction of T c can decrease optimal local oscillator power at least by a factor of 2 without a deterioration of the receiver noise temperature. Bath temperature was found to have minor effect on the receiver characteristics. |
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San Diego, CA, USA |
Editor |
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst.it.u.t.e of Technology |
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318 |
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| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H. F.; Kollberg, E. L.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
| Title |
1.4- to 1.7-THz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for the Herschel space observatory |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
4855 |
Issue |
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Pages |
361-370 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
NbN hot- electron bolometer mixers have reached the level of 10hv/k in terms of the input noise temperature with the noise bandwidth of 4-6 GHz from subMM band up to 2.5 THz. In this paper we discuss the major characteristics of this kind of receiver, i.e. the gain and the noise bandwidth, the noise temperature in a wide RF band, bias regimes and optimisation of RF coupling to the quasioptical mixer. We present the status of the development of the mixer for Band 6 Low for Herschel Telescope. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Phillips, T.G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
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Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy |
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Serial |
1521 |
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| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
| Title |
1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
| Volume |
372-376 |
Issue |
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Pages |
427-431 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
| Abstract |
A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz. |
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0921-4534 |
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no |
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Serial |
1527 |
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| Author |
Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. |
| Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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46 |
Issue |
8/9 |
Pages |
604-617 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. |
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0033-8443 |
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| Notes |
UDC 537.312.62 |
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Serial |
472 |
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| Author |
Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. |
| Title |
HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
244-252 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature |
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San Diego, CA, USA |
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no |
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319 |
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| Author |
Loudkov, D.; Khosropanah, P.; Cherednichenko, S.; Adam, A.; MerkeI, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Broadband fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) measurements of spiral and double-slot planar antennas at THz frequencies |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
373-369 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
The direct responses of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, integrated with different planar antennas, are measured, using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (F1S). One spiral antenna and several double slot antennas, designed for 0.6, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.5 THz central frequencies, are investigated. The Optimization of the measurement set-up is discussed in terms of the beam splitter and the F11S-to-HEB coupling. The result shows that the spiral antenna is circular polarized and has a bandwidth of about 2 THz. The frequency bands of double slot antennas show some shift from the design values and their relative bandwidth increases by increasing the design frequency. The antenna responses do not depend on the HEB bias point and temperature, as long as the device is in the resistive state. |
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no |
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Serial |
1530 |
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| Author |
Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
472-475 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer |
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IEEE |
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no |
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371 |
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| Author |
Loudkov, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
| Title |
An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB mixer as a function of its RF embedding impedance |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
472-475 |
| Keywords |
waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We have conducted an investigation of the optimal embedding impedance for a waveguide superconducting hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixer. Three mixer chip designs for 800 GHz, offering nominal embedding resistances of 70 /spl Omega/, 35 /spl Omega/, and 15 /spl Omega/, have been developed. We used both High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and scale model impedance measurements in the design process. We subsequently fabricated HEB mixers to these designs using 3-4 nm thick NbN thin film. Receiver noise temperature measurements and Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) scans were performed to determine the optimal combination of embedding impedance and normal-state resistance for a 50 Ohm IF load impedance. A receiver noise temperature of 440 K was measured at a local oscillator frequency 850 GHz for a mixer with normal state resistance of 62 /spl Omega/ incorporated into a circuit offering a nominal embedding impedance of 70 /spl Omega/. We conclude from our data that, for low noise operation, the normal state resistance of the HEB mixer element should be close to the embedding impedance of the mixer mount. |
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no |
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1439677 |
Serial |
1464 |
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| Author |
Loudkov, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Marrone, D. P.; Ryabchun, S.; Paine, S. N.; Blundell, R. |
| Title |
Transmission measurements of infrared filters for low-noise terahertz receiver applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
354-357 |
| Keywords |
FTS, Zitex, alkali halide, crystalline quartz, Parylene, polyethylene, IR filters, transmission, THz applications |
| Abstract |
Infrared (IR) filters are very important to the efficient operation of cryogenic receivers. Usually, such filters are mounted on the radiation shield of the cryostat to reduce the heat load to the 4 K stage. Insufficient filtering may cause the temperature of the mixing element in a receiver to be excessively warm, leading to degradation in sensitivity. These filters should be effective in blocking the room temperature IR radiation from outside the cryostat, yet should be transparent across the desired signal frequency band. In the Terahertz frequency range, which is close to the infrared, it is difficult to find an inexpensive low- loss material that can provide the required IR blocking capacity. We present transmission measurements, made using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), of a number of potential infrared filters between 0.4 and 1.6 THz. The filters tested include the widely-used, Teflon-based, Zitex-A and Zitex-G films, alkali halide based infrared filter, and crystalline quartz coated with Parylene, and polyethylene films. |
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1473 |
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