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Author |
Korneev, A. A. |
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Title |
Superconducting NbN microstrip single-photon detectors |
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2021 |
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Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
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11771 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) invented two decades ago have evolved to a mature technology and have become devices of choice in the advanced applications of quantum optics, such as quantum cryptography and optical quantum computing. In these applications SSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers and feature almost unity detection efficiency, negligible dark counts, picosecond timing jitter and MHz photon count rate. Meanwhile, there are great many applications requiring coupling to multi-mode fibers or free space. ‘Classical’ SSPDs with 100-nm-wide superconducting strip and covering area of about 100 µm2 are not suitable for further scaling due to degradation of performance and low fabrication yield. Recently we have demonstrated single-photon counting in micron-wide superconducting bridges and strips. Here we present our approach to the realization of practical photon-counting detectors of large enough area to be efficiently coupled to multi-mode fibers or free space. The detector is either a meander or a spiral of 1-µm-wide strip covering an area of 50x50 µm2. Being operated at 1.7K temperature it demonstrates the saturated detection efficiency (i.e. limited by the absorption in the detector) up to 1550 nm wavelength, about 10 ns dead time and timing jitter in range 50-100 ps. |
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SPIE |
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Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. |
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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2021, Online Only |
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1784 |
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Moshkova, M. A.; Morozov, P. V.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Title |
High-efficiency multi-element superconducting single-photon detector |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
11771 |
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2-8 |
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Keywords |
PNR SSPD, large active area, detection efficiency |
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We present the result of the creation and investigation of the multi-element superconducting single photon detectors, which can recognize the number of photons (up to six) in a short pulse of the radiation at telecommunication wavelengths range. The best receivers coupled with single-mode fiber have the system quantum efficiency of ⁓85%. The receivers have a 100 ps time resolution and a few nanoseconds dead time that allows them to operate at megahertz counting rate. Implementation of the multi-element architecture for creation of the superconducting single photon detectors with increased sensitive area allows to create the high efficiency receivers coupled with multi-mode fibers and with preserving of the all advantages of superconducting photon counters. |
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SPIE |
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Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. |
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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
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1795 |
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Schroeder, E.; Mauskopf, P.; Pilyavsky, G.; Sinclair, A.; Smith, N.; Bryan, S.; Mani, H.; Morozov, D.; Berggren, K.; Zhu, D.; Smirnov, K.; Vakhtomin, Y. |
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On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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9907 |
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99070P (1 to 13) |
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Keywords |
SPAD, NbN SSPD applications, SNSPD |
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We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes. |
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SPIE |
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Malbet, F.; Creech-Eakman, M.J.; Tuthill, P.G. |
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Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V |
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1809 |
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Author |
Sidorova, Maria V.; Divochiy, Alexander; Vakhtomin, Yury B.; Smirnov, Konstantin V. |
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Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with reduced-size active area coupled to a tapered lensed single-mode fiber |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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9504 |
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950408 (1 to 9) |
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International Society for Optics and Photonics |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ sidorova2015ultrafast |
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1051 |
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Korneev, Alexander; Korneeva, Yulia; Florya, Irina; Elezov, Michael; Manova, Nadezhda; Tarkhov, Michael; An, Pavel; Kardakova, Anna; Isupova, Anastasiya; Chulkova, Galina; Voronov, Boris |
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Title |
Recent advances in superconducting NbN single-photon detector development |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
8072 |
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Pages |
807202 (1 to 10) |
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Keywords |
SSPD |
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Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is a planar nanostructure patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrate. The sensitive element of the SSPD is 100-nm-wide NbN strip. The device is operated at liquid helium temperature. Absorption of a photon leads to a local suppression of superconductivity producing subnanosecond-long voltage pulse. In infrared (at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths) SSPD outperforms avalanche photodiodes in terms of detection efficiency (DE), dark counts rate, maximum counting rate and timing jitter. Efficient single-mode fibre coupling of the SSPD enabled its usage in many applications ranging from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. Recently we managed to improve the SSPD performance and measured 25% detection efficiency at 1550 nm wavelength and dark counts rate of 10 s-1. We also improved photon-number resolving SSPD (PNR-SSPD) which realizes a spatial multiplexing of incident photons enabling resolving of up to 4 simultaneously absorbed photons. Another improvement is the increase of the photon absorption using a λ/4 microcavity integrated with the SSPD. And finally in our strive to increase the DE at longer wavelengths we fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard 100 nm and demonstrated that in middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have DE several times higher compared to the traditional SSPDs. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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663 |
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Author |
Zolotov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Moshkova, M.; Morozov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Smirnov, K. |
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Title |
Photon-number-resolving SSPDs with system detection efficiency over 50% at telecom range |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
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Proc. AIP Conf. |
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1936 |
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1 |
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020019 |
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Keywords |
NbN PNR SSPD, SNSPD |
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We used technology of making high-efficiency superconducting single-photon detectors as a basis for improvement of photon-number-resolving devices. By adding optical cavity and using an improved NbN superconducting film, we enhanced previously reported system detection efficiency at telecom range for such detectors. Our results show that implementation of optical cavity helps to develop four-section device with quantum efficiency over 50% at 1.55 µm. Performed experimental studies of detecting multi-photon optical pulses showed irregularities over defining multi-photon through single-photon quantum efficiency. |
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doi:10.1063/1.5025457 |
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1231 |
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Dryazgov, M.; Semenov, A.; Manova, N.; Korneeva, Y.; Korneev, A. |
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Title |
Modelling of normal domain evolution after single-photon absorption of a superconducting strip of micron width |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1695 |
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012195 (1 to 4) |
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Keywords |
SSPD modelling, SNSPD |
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The present paper describes a modelling of normal domain evolution in superconducting strip of micron width using solving differential equations describing the temperature and current changes. The solving results are compared with experimental data. This comparison demonstrates the high accuracy of the model. In future, it is possible to employ this model for improvement of single photon detector based on micron-scale superconducting strips. |
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1742-6588 |
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1785 |
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Manova, N. N.; Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A. |
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Developing of NbN films for superconducting microstrip single-photon detector |
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2020 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1695 |
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012116 (1 to 5) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films |
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We optimized NbN films on a Si substrate with a buffer SiO2 layer to produce superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current. We varied thickness of films and observed the maximum QE saturation for device based on the thinner film with the lowest ratio RS300/RS20. |
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1742-6588 |
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1786 |
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Polyakova, M. I.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V. |
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Comparison single- and double- spot detection efficiencies of SSPD based to MoSi and NbN films |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1695 |
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012146 (1 to 3) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, MoSi |
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In this work, we present results of quantum detector tomography of superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on MoSi film, and compare them with previously reported data on NbN. We find that for both materials hot spot interaction length coincides with the strip width, and the dependence of single and double-spot detection efficiencies on bias current are compatible with sufficiently large hot-spot size, approaching the strip width. |
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1787 |
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Moshkova, M.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K. |
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Title |
Large active area superconducting single photon detector |
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Conference Article |
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2019 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1410 |
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012139 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present development of large active area superconducting single-photon detectors well coupled with standard 50 μm-core multi-mode fiber. The sensitive area of the SSPD is patterned using the photon-number-resolving design and occupies an area of 40×40 μm2. Using this approach, we have obtained excellent specifications: system detection efficiency of 47% measured using a 900 nm laser and low dark count rate of 100 cps. The main advantages of the approach presented are a very short dead time of the detector of 22 ns and FWHM jitter value of about 130 ps. |
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