Records |
Author |
Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Vdovichev, S.; Moshkova, M.; Simonov, N.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Comparison of hot spot formation in nbn and mon thin superconducting films after photon absorption |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-4 |
Keywords |
MoNx SSPD |
Abstract |
In superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD), the efficiency of local suppression of superconductivity and hotspot formation is controlled by diffusivity and electron-phonon interaction time. Here, we selected a material, 3.6-nm-thick MoNx film, which features diffusivity close to those of NbN traditionally used for SSPD fabrication, but with electron-phonon interaction time an order of magnitude larger. In MoN ∞ detectors, we study the dependence of detection efficiency on bias current, photon energy, and strip width, and compare it with NbN SSPD. We observe nonlinear current-energy dependence in MoNx SSPD and more pronounced plateaus in dependences of detection efficiency on bias current, which we attribute to longer electron-phonon interaction time. |
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1051-8223 |
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1325 |
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Author |
Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Photon absorption near the gap frequency in a hot electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-4 |
Keywords |
NBN HEB mixer |
Abstract |
The superconducting energy gap is a fundamental characteristic of a superconducting film, which, together with the applied pump power and the biasing setup, defines the instantaneous resistive state of the Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer at any given bias point on the I-V curve. In this paper we report on a series of experiments, in which we subjected the HEB to radiation over a wide frequency range along with parallel microwave injection. We have observed three distinct regimes of operation of the HEB, depending on whether the radiation is above the gap frequency, far below it or close to it. These regimes are driven by the different patterns of photon absorption. The experiments have allowed us to derive the approximate gap frequency of the device under test as about 585 GHz. Microwave injection was used to probe the HEB impedance. Spontaneous switching between the superconducting (low resistive) state and a quasi-normal (high resistive) state was observed. The switching pattern depends on the particular regime of HEB operation and can assume a random pattern at pump frequencies below the gap to a regular relaxation oscillation running at a few MHz when pumped above the gap. |
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1558-2515 |
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1331 |
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Author |
Yang, Z. Q.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Reduced noise in NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers by annealing |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
L (9 to 12) |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We find that the sensitivity of heterodyne receivers based on superconducting hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) increases by 25–30% after annealing at 85 °C in vacuum. The devices studied are twin-slot antenna coupled mixers with a small NbN bridge of 1 × 0.15 µm2. We show that annealing changes the device properties as reflected in sharper resistive transitions of the complete device, apparently reducing the device-related noise. The lowest receiver noise temperature of 700 K is measured at a local oscillator frequency of 1.63 THz and a bath temperature of 4.3 K. |
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0953-2048 |
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1456 |
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Author |
Antipov, S. V.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Noise temperature of quasioptical NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 900 GHz |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Physics of Vibrations |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physics of Vibrations |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
242-245 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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ISSN |
1069-1227 |
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no |
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1550 |
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Author |
Gol'tsman, G. N.; Goghidze, I. G.; Kouminov, P. B.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Influence of grain boundary weak links on the nonequilibrium response of YBaCuO thin films to short laser pulses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
J. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Supercond. |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
751-755 |
Keywords |
YBCO HTS detector, nonequilibrium response |
Abstract |
The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 80 ps pulses of YAG∶Nd laser radiation of wavelength 0.63 and 1.54 μm was studied. In the normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: a nonequilibrium picosecond component and a bolometric nanosecond one. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In the superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to five orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of the order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in the normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in the superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the cross section for current percolation through the disordered network of Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions. |
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0896-1107 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1636 |
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Author |
Lang, P. T.; Leipold, I.; Knott, W. J.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Renk, K. F. |
Title |
New far-infrared laser lines from CH3Cl and CH3Br optically pumped with a continuously tunable high pressure CO2 laser |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. B |
Volume |
53 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
207-212 |
Keywords |
CO2 IR lasers, applications, CH3Cl, CH3Br |
Abstract |
In this paper we report on the detection of new far-infrared laser lines from CH3Cl and CH3Br optically pumped with a continuously tunable high pressure CO2 laser. We found 80 new lines for CH3Cl and 9 new lines for CH3Br in the frequency region between 16 cm−1 and 41 cm−1, all due to stimulated Raman scattering. For the Raman gain regions bandwidths up to about 700 MHz were found. We also observed high intensity short far-infrared laser pulses of durations in the nanosecond regime. |
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0721-7269 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1678 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
Title |
Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Solid State Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Communications |
Volume |
76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
493-497 |
Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
Abstract |
The ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter to near infrared. With the rise of radiation frequency the Josephson detection at the grain boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. Electron-phonon relaxation time τeph is determined by direct measurements and analyses quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of τeph at T ≤ 40 K was found to be τeph ∼ T−1. The results show that detectors with the response time of few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable. |
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0038-1098 |
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no |
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1685 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mirskii, G. I. |
Title |
Submillimeter backward-wave-tube spectrometer-relaxometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
131-137 |
Keywords |
BWO, applications |
Abstract |
A backward-wave-tube (BWT) spectrometer-relaxometer is described that is designed for study of the relaxation characteristics of photoconductors in the wavelength range of 2-0.25 mm – in particular, to measure the relaxation times of the submillimeter photoconductivity of germanium in the range of 10[sup:-4]-10[sup:-9] sec and to determine from these data the concentration of compensating impurities of from 10[sup:10] to 10[sup:14] cm[sup:-3]. The instrument uses the beats of the oscillations of two BWTs and records the amplitude-frequency response of the specimen with variation of the beat frequency from 10[sup:4] to 10[sup:8] Hz with accumulation of the desired signal for less than or equal to1 sec by means of a quadrature synchronous detector. The beat frequency is stabilized and the quadrature voltages of the synchronous detector are formed by means of phase-locked loops. |
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Russian |
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no |
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Serial |
1699 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Riger, E. R. |
Title |
Effect of electron-electron collisions on the trapping of free carriers by shallow impurity centers in germanium |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume |
64 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
889-897 |
Keywords |
Ge, trapping of free carriers |
Abstract |
Cascade Auger recombination of free carriers on shallow impurities in Ge is investigated under quasi-equilibrium conditions (T= 2-12 K) and in impurity breakdown. The Auger capture cross sections are found to be a,= 5. 10-l9 T-'n cm2 for donors and uip= 7- T-5p cm2 for acceptors. It is shown that in an isotropic semiconductor (p-Ge) ui is well described by the cascade-capture theory that takes into account only electron-electron collisions. In an anisotropic semiconductor ui is considerably larger (n-Ge, strongly uniaxially compressedp-Ge). Under impurity breakdown conditions the electron-electron collisions determine the lifetimes of the free carriers only in samples with appreciable density of the compensating impurity (Nk loi3 cmP3). |
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no |
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Serial |
1707 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
Title |
Observation of the free-exciton spectrum at submillimeter wavelengths |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1972 |
Publication |
JETP Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
JETP Lett. |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
161-162 |
Keywords |
Ge, energy spectrum, free excitons |
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1736 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
Title |
Kinetics of submillimeter impurity and exciton photoconduction in Ge |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Optics and Spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Optics and Spectroscopy |
Volume |
52 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
454-455 |
Keywords |
Ge, exciton photoconduction |
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no |
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1715 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsyna, N. G. |
Title |
Capture of photoexcited carriers by shallow impurity centers in germanium |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume |
50 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
728-734 |
Keywords |
Ge, photoexcited carriers, shallow impurity centers |
Abstract |
Measurements were made of the lifetimes rf of free carriers and the relaxation time 7, of the submillimeter impurity photoconductivity when carriers are captured by attracting shallow donors and acceptom in Ge. It is nod that in samples with capture-center concentration N,Z 10"cm-' the relaxation time 7, greatly exceeds rf in the temperature range 4.2-12 K. The measured values of 7,- are compared with the calculation of cascade recombination by the classical model. To evaluate the data on T,, the distinguishing features of this model are considered for the nonstationary case. The substantial difference betweea the values of rf and T, is attributed to re-emission of the carriers from the excited states of the shallow impurities. |
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no |
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1720 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kagane, M. L. |
Title |
Observation of free carrier resonances in p-type germanium at submillimeter wavelengths |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. Solid State |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. Solid State |
Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
573-579 |
Keywords |
p-Ge, free carriers, resonances |
Abstract |
The spectrum of hole resonances in pure p-Ge for submillimetre in quantizing magnetic fields has been studied and identified. Measurements of photoconductivity spectra of p-Ge were made in the wave range lambda = 2-0.3 mm at temp. of 4.2-15 deg K in magnetic fields H up to 40 Measurements at various frequencies showed that the position of a series of characteristic resonances depends on the frequency of the illumination. This is in line with theoretical conclusions about the effective mass of the carriers increasing with rise in the magnetic field as a result of the interaction of the edge of the valency band with the split spin-orbital interaction of the sub 7 exp + band and the conduction band. The relative intensity of the quantum resonance lines of the free holes depends on the excitation conditions. |
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1721 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kagane, M. L. |
Title |
Energy spectrum of acceptors in germanium and its response to a magnetic field |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. JETP |
Volume |
45 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
769-776 |
Keywords |
p-Ge, photoconductivity, energy spectrum, magnetic field |
Abstract |
We investigated the spectrum of the submillimeter photoconductivity of p-Ge at helium temperatures and the effects of a magnetic field up to 40 kOe on the spectrum. A large number of lines of transitions between the excited states of the acceptors was observed, some of the lines were identified, and the energies of a number of spectral levels B, Al, Ga, In, and TI in Ge were identified. The results are compared with calculations and with experimental data obtained from the spectra of the photoexcitation of the ground state of the impurities. Using one transition as an example, we discuss the splitting of the excited states of acceptors in the magnetic field and under uniaxial compression. |
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no |
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1727 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Orlov, L. A.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
Title |
Absorption spectra in electron transitions between excited states of impurities in germanium |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
JETP Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
JETP Lett. |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
95-97 |
Keywords |
Ge, impurities, excited states, absorption spectra |
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1773 |
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