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Author Lobanov, Y.; Tong, C.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title A study of direct detection effect on the linearity of hot electron bolometer mixers Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 20th ISSTT  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 282-287  
  Keywords HEB mixer, direct detection effect  
  Abstract We have performed a study of how direct detection affects the linearity and hence the calibration of an HEB mixer. Two types of waveguide HEB devices have been used: a 0.8 THz HEB mixer and a 1.0 THz HEB mixer which is ~5 times smaller than the former. Two independent experimental approaches were used. In the ΔG/G method, the conversion gain of the HEB mixer is first measured as a function of the bias current for a number of bias voltages. At each bias setting, we carefully measure the change in the operating current when the input loads are switched. From the measured data, we can derive the expected difference in gain between the hot and cold loads. In the second method (injection method [1]), the linearity of the HEB mixer is independently measured by injecting a modulated signal for different input load temperatures. The results of both approaches confirm that there is gain compression in the operation of HEB mixers. Based on the results of our measurements, we discuss the impact of direct detection effects on the operation of HEB mixers.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 724  
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Author Lobanov, Y. V.; Tong, Cheuk-Yu E.; Hedden, A. S.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G. N. openurl 
  Title Microwave-assisted슠measurement슠of the슠frequency슠response슠of슠terahertz슠HEB슠mixers슠with a슠fourier슠transform슠spectrometer Type Conference Article
  Year 2010 Publication 21st International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Abbreviated Journal 21st ISSTT  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 420-423  
  Keywords HEB mixer  
  Abstract We describe a novel method of operation of the HEB direct detector for use with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Instead of elevating the bath temperature, we have measured the RF response of waveguide HEB mixers by applying microwave radiation to select appropriate bias conditions. In our experiment, a microwave signal is injected into the HEB mixer via its IF port. By choosing an appropriate injection level, the device can be operated close to the desired operating point. Furthermore, we have shown that both thermal biasing and microwave injection can reproduce the same spectral response of the HEB mixer. However, with the use of microwave injection, there is no need to wait for the mixer to reach thermal equilibrium, so characterisation can be done in less time. Also, the liquid helium consumption for our wet cryostat is also reduced. We have demonstrated that the signalto-noise ratio of the FTS measurements can be improved with microwave injection.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 725  
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Author Ожегов, Р.В.; Окунев, О.В.; Гольцман, Г.Н. openurl 
  Title Флуктуационная чувствительность сверхпроводящего болометрического смесителя на эффекте разогрева электронного газа Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Радиотехника Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) Issue 3 Pages 120-124  
  Keywords смеситель на горячих электронах; флуктуационная чувствительность; тепловизор терагерцевого диапазона частот; hot-electron bolometer mixer; Imaging system; Noise equivalent temperature difference; Heterodyne receiver; Terahertz range  
  Abstract Interest in research in the terahertz range is driven by a great number of various applications, where terahertz instruments may play a leading role. To name just a few, such applications include study of the cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of the dark matter, medicine, navigation, fire alarm, security systems and environmental monitoring. The paper discusses the possibility of using a receiver based on the hot-electron effect in superconducting films as an imaging system. We present the results of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) measurements performed with a hot-electron bolometer mixer made from a thin superconducting film. The receiver with a noise temperature of ~ 3800 K at a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz a bandwidth of 500 MHz and an integration time of 1 s has offered an NETD of 0.5 K. We have also developed a technique that enabled us to reduce the contribution of the mixer gain fluctuations to the overall system instability. As of this writing, the above value of the NETD is the lowest value offered for this type of receiver, which indicates the possibility to use such receivers in real-time imaging systems. The technique offered in the paper for achieving the limiting value of the NETD offers an alternative to the phase-locking scheme.

Представены результаты измерения флуктуационной чувствительности (NETD – noise equivalent temperature difference) болометрического смесителя на эффекте разогрева электронного газа в тонких сверхпроводящих пленках. Получено предельное значение NETD, равное 0,5 К, при шумовой температуре приемника 3800 К, ширине полосы преобразования 500 МГц, постоянной времени 1 с и частоте гетеродина 300 ГГц. Разработана методика достижения предельной флуктуационной чувствительности, позволяющая избежать влияния нестабильности коэффициента преобразования смесителя.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 728  
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Author Ожегов, Роман Викторович openurl 
  Title Флуктуационная чувствительность и стабильность приемников с СИС и HEB смесителями для терагерцового тепловидения Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Радиофизика Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 135  
  Keywords HEB  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 731  
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Author Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory openurl 
  Title Microwave stabilization of HEB mixer by a microchip controller Type Conference Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium digest Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-3  
  Keywords HEB mixer stability, microwave injection, Allan variance, Allan time  
  Abstract The stability of a Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer can be improved by the use of microwave injection. In this article we report a refinement of this approach. We introduce a microchip controller to facilitate the implementation of the stabilization scheme, and demonstrate that the feedback loop effectively suppresses drifts in the HEB bias current, leading to an improvement in the receiver stability. The measured Allan time of the mixer's IF output power is increased to > 10 s.  
  Address Montreal, QC, Canada  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 857  
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Author Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Golts'man, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov B. url  openurl
  Title Superconductive NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer performance at 250 GHz Type Conference Article
  Year 1996 Publication Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 331-336  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Thin film NbN (<40 A) strips are used as waveguide mixer elements. The electron cooling mechanism for the geometry is the electron-phonon interaction. We report a receiver noise temperature of 750 K at 244 GHz, with / IF = 1.5 GHz, Af= 500 MHz, and Tphysical = 4 K. The instantaneous bandwidth for this mixer is 1.6 GHz. The local oscillator (LO) power is 0.5 1.tW with 3 dB-uncertainty. The mixer is linear to 1 dB up to an input power level 6 dB below the LO power. We report the first detection of a molecular line emission using this class of mixer, and that the receiver noise temperature determined from Y-factor measurements reflects the true heterodyne sensitivity.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 945  
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Author Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G. openurl 
  Title One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 1-11  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ atomics90 @ Serial 948  
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Author Корнеева, Ю. П.; Флоря, И. Н.; Корнеев, А. А.; Гольцман, Г. Н. isbn  openurl
  Title Cверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор для дальнего ИК диапазона длин волн Type Conference Article
  Year 2010 Publication Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ Abbreviated Journal Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 46-47  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract Мы представляем быстродействующий сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор (SSPD) для дальнего инфракрасного диапазона на основе ультратонкой монокристаллической пленки NbN толщиной 3 нм, состоящий из параллельных полосок. QE на длине волны 1,5.μм и 1,3 μм для предложенного SSPD практически одинаковы. SSPD показывает отклик длительностью 200 пс, что открывает путь к детекторам, обладающим скоростью счета свыше 1 ГГц.  
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  ISSN ISBN 978-5-7262-1227-2 Medium  
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  Notes УДК 533.14(06)+004.056(06) Фотоника и информационная оптика Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1144  
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Author Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smimov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N. url  openurl
  Title Spectral sensitivity and temporal resolution of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages 105-111  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We report our studies on spectral sensitivity and time resolution of superconducting NbN thin film single-photon detectors (SPDs). Our SPDs exhibit an everimentally measured detection efficiencies (DE) from — 0.2% at 2=1550 nm up to —3% at lambda=405 nm wavelength for 10-nm film thickness devices and up to 3.5% at lambda=1550 nm for 3.5-nm film thickness devices. Spectral dependences of detection efficiency (DE) at 2=0.4 —3.0 pm range are presented. With variable optical delay setup, it is shown that NbN SPD potentially can resolve optical pulses with the repetition rate up to 10 GHz at least. The observed full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the signal pulse is about 150-180 ps, limited by read-out electronics. The jitter of NbN SPD is measured to be —35 ps at optimum biasing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1528  
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Author Beck, M.; Klammer, M.; Rousseau, I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Diamant, I.; Dagan, Y.; Demsar, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Probing superconducting gap dynamics with THz pulses Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication CLEO Abbreviated Journal CLEO  
  Volume (up) Issue Pages SM3H.3 (1 to 2)  
  Keywords superconducting gap; electric fields; femtosecond pulses; near infrared radiation; picosecond pulses; superconductors; thin films  
  Abstract We studied superconducting gap dynamics in a BCS superconductor NbN and electron doped cuprate superconductor PCCO following excitation with near-infrared (NIR) and narrow band THz pulses. Systematic studies on PCCO imply very selective electron-phonon coupling.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Optical Society of America Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1345  
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