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Floet, D. Wilms; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gao, J. R. |
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Title |
Resistive transition of niobium superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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73 |
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19 |
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2826 |
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HEB |
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0003-6951 |
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543 |
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Bruderer, S.; Benz, A. O.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Melchior, M.; Doty, S. D.; van der Tak, F.; Stäuber, P.; Wampfler, S. F.; Dedes, C.; Yıldız, U. A.; Pagani, L.; Giannini, T.; de Graauw, Th.; Whyborn, N.; Teyssier, D.; Jellema, W.; Shipman, R.; Schieder, R.; Honingh, N.; Caux, E.; Bächtold, W.; Csillaghy, A.; Monstein, C.; Bachiller, R.; Baudry, A.; Benedettini, M.; Bergin, E.; Bjerkeli, P.; Blake, G. A.; Bontemps, S.; Braine, J.; Caselli, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Codella, C.; Daniel, F.; di Giorgio, A. M.; Dominik, C.; Encrenaz, P.; Fich, M.; Fuente, A.; Goicoechea, J. R.; Helmich, F.; Herczeg, G. J.; Herpin, F.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Jacq, T.; Johnstone, D.; Jørgensen, J. K.; Kristensen, L. E.; Larsson, B.; Lis, D.; Liseau, R.; Marseille, M.; McCoey, C.; Melnick, G.; Neufeld, D.; Nisini, B.; Olberg, M.; Parise, B.; Pearson, J. C.; Plume, R.; Risacher, C.; Santiago-García, J.; Saraceno, P.; Shipman, R.; Tafalla, M.; van Kempen, T. A.; Visser, R.; Wyrowski, F. |
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Title |
Herschel/HIFI detections of hydrides towards AFGL 2591. Envelope emission versus tenuous cloud absorption |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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521 |
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L44 (1 to 7) |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer applications, HIFI, Herschel |
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The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) onboard the Herschel Space Observatory allows the first observations of light diatomic molecules at high spectral resolution and in multiple transitions. Here, we report deep integrations using HIFI in different lines of hydrides towards the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591. Detected are CH, CH+, NH, OH+, H2O+, while NH+ and SH+ have not been detected. All molecules except for CH and CH+ are seen in absorption with low excitation temperatures and at velocities different from the systemic velocity of the protostellar envelope. Surprisingly, the CH(JF,P = 3/22,- – 1/21,+ ) and CH+(J = 1–0, J = 2–1) lines are detected in emission at the systemic velocity. We can assign the absorption features to a foreground cloud and an outflow lobe, while the CH and CH+ emission stems from the envelope. The observed abundance and excitation of CH and CH+ can be explained in the scenario of FUV irradiated outflow walls, where a cavity etched out by the outflow allows protostellar FUV photons to irradiate and heat the envelope at larger distances driving the chemical reactions that produce these molecules. |
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Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. |
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Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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46 |
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8/9 |
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604-617 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered. |
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0033-8443 |
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UDC 537.312.62 |
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472 |
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Гольцман, Г.Н.; Лудков, Д.Н. |
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Title |
Сверхпроводниковые смесители на горячих электронах терагерцового диапазона и их применение в радиоастрономии |
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2003 |
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Изв. высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика |
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46 |
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8/9 |
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HEB, mixers |
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russian |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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473 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C.F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Yngvesson, K.S.; Goyette, T.; Waldman, J. |
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Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixer with intrinsic receiver noise temperature of less than five times the quantum noise limit |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Proc. IMS |
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2 |
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1007-1010 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer |
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In recent years, improvements in device development and quasi-optical coupling techniques utilizing planar antennas have led to a significant achievement in low noise receivers for the edges of the submillimeter frequency regime. Hot electron bolometric (HEB) receivers made of thin superconducting films such as NbN have produced a viable option for instruments designed to measure the molecular spectra for astronomical applications as well as in remote sensing of the atmosphere in the THz regime. This paper describes an NbN HEB mixer with intrinsic DSB receiver noise temperature of at most five times the quantum noise limit at frequencies as high as 2.24 THz |
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477 |
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