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| Author |
Tang, Liang; Kocabas, Sukru Ekin; Latif, Salman; Okyay, Ali K.; Ly-Gagnon, Dany-Sebastien; Saraswat, Krishna C.; Miller, David A. B. |
| Title |
Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Nature Photonics |
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| Volume |
2 |
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226-229 |
| Keywords |
optical antennas |
| Abstract |
A critical challenge for the convergence of optics and electronics is that the micrometre scale of optics is significantly larger than the nanometre scale of modern electronic devices. In the conversion from photons to electrons by photodetectors, this size incompatibility often leads to substantial penalties in power dissipation, area, latency and noise. A photodetector can be made smaller by using a subwavelength active region; however, this can result in very low responsivity because of the diffraction limit of the light. Here we exploit the idea of a half-wave Hertz dipole antenna (length approx 380 nm) from radio waves, but at near-infrared wavelengths (length approx 1.3 microm), to concentrate radiation into a nanometre-scale germanium photodetector. This gives a polarization contrast of a factor of 20 in the resulting photocurrent in the subwavelength germanium element, which has an active volume of 0.00072 microm3, a size that is two orders of magnitude smaller than previously demonstrated detectors at such wavelengths. |
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858 |
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Gonzalez, F.J.; Ilic, B.; Alda, J.; Boreman, G.D. |
| Title |
Antenna-coupled infrared detectors for imaging applications |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. |
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11 |
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1 |
Pages |
117 - 120 |
| Keywords |
optical antennas |
| Abstract |
Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) are a critical component in advanced infrared imaging systems. IRFPAs are made up of two parts, a detector array and a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) multiplexer. Current ROIC technology has typical pitch sizes of 20×20 to 50×50 μm2. In order to make antenna-coupled detectors suited for infrared imaging systems, two-dimensional (2-D) arrays have been fabricated that cover a whole pixel area with the penalty of increasing the noise figure of the detector and, therefore, reducing its performance. By coupling a Fresnel zone plate lens to a single element antenna-coupled detector, infrared radiation can be collected over a typical pixel area and still keep low-noise levels. A Fresnel zone plate lens coupled to a single-element square-spiral-coupled infrared detector has been fabricated and its performance compared to single element antenna-coupled detectors and 2-D arrays of antenna coupled detectors. Measurements made at 10.6 μm showed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in SNR and a ~× increase in D* as compared to 2-D arrays of antenna-coupled detectors. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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741 |
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Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K. |
| Title |
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with optical nano-antennae |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Optics Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-31 |
| Keywords |
optical antennas |
| Abstract |
Optical nano-antennae have been integrated with semiconductor lasers to intensify light at the nanoscale and photodiodes to enhance photocurrent. In quantum optics, plasmonic metal structures have been used to enhance nonclassical light emission from single quantum dots. Absorption and detection of single photons from free space could also be enhanced by nanometallic antennae, but this has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we use nano-optical transmission effects in a one-dimensional gold structure, combined with optical cavity resonance, to form optical nano-antennae, which are further used to couple single photons from free space into a 80-nm-wide superconducting nanowire. This antenna-assisted coupling enables a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with 47% device efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 9-μm-by-9-μm active area while maintaining a reset time of only 5 ns. We demonstrate nanoscale antenna-like structures to achieve exceptional efficiency and speed in single-photon detection. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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745 |
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Hocker, L. O.; Sokoloff, D. R.; Daneu, V.; Szoke, A.; Javan, A. |
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Frequency mixing in the infrared and far-infrared using a metal-to-metal point contact diode |
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Journal Article |
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1968 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl Phys Lett |
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12 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
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optical antennas |
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Metalâ€toâ€metal point contact diodes were used to obtain the 54â€GHz beat notes between two adjacent 10.6â€μ CO2 laser transitions. The speed of the diodes in the farâ€infrared is at least 1000 GHz. This was tested with a 337â€μ HCN laser. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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742 |
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Bryant, Garnett W.; García de Abajo, F. Javier; Aizpurua, Javier |
| Title |
Mapping the Plasmon Resonances of Metallic Nanoantennas |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Nano Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nano Lett. |
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5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
631-636 |
| Keywords |
optical antennas |
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We study the light scattering and surface plasmon resonances of Au nanorods that are commonly used as optical nanoantennas in analogy to dipole radio antennas for chemical and biodetection field-enhanced spectroscopies and scanned-probe microscopies. With the use of the boundary element method, we calculate the nanorod near-field and far-field response to show how the nanorod shape and dimensions determine its optical response. A full mapping of the size (length and radius) dependence for Au nanorods is obtained. The dipolar plasmon resonance wavelength λ shows a nearly linear dependence on total rod length L out to the largest lengths that we study. However, L is always substantially less than λ/2, indicating the difference between optical nanoantennas and long-wavelength traditional λ/2 antennas. Although it is often assumed that the plasmon wavelength scales with the nanorod aspect ratio, we find that this scaling does not apply except in the extreme limit of very small, spherical nanoparticles. The plasmon response depends critically on both the rod length and radius. Large (500 nm) differences in resonance wavelength are found for structures with different sizes but with the same aspect ratio. In addition, the plasmon resonance deduced from the near-field enhancement can be significantly red-shifted due to retardation from the resonance in far-field scattering. Large differences in near-field and far-field response, together with the breakdown of the simple scaling law must be accounted for in the choice and design of metallic λ/2 nanoantennas. We provide a general, practical map of the resonances for use in locating the desired response for gold nanoantennas. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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737 |
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