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Edward Tong, C.-Y.; Loudkov, Denis N.; Paine, Scott N.; Marrone, Dan P.; Blundell, Raymond |
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Vector measurement of the beam pattern of a 1.5 THz superconducting HEB receiver |
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Conference Article |
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2005 |
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Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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453-456 |
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NbTiN HEB mixers |
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Near-field vector beam pattern of the 1.5 THz superconducting Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) receiver currently in operation in Northern Chile has been performed in our laboratory. Using an open waveguide probe, we have mapped both the amplitude and phase of the beam emerging from our 1.5 THz HEB receiver package, across a number of planes along the line of propagation of the radio-beam. With an integration time of about 100 ms per point, a signal-to-noise ratio of about 25 dB was achieved for a beam waist of 3.5 mm. These measurements have proved to be invaluable in achieving good alignment between the cryostat housing the HEB mixer and the remainder of the receiver and telescope optics. The accuracy of our beam measurement is estimated to be ±0.2 mm in position and ±5 arc minutes in angular displacement. |
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1474 |
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Ejrnaes, M.; Cristiano, R.; Quaranta, O.; Pagano, S.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Title |
A cascade switching superconducting single photon detector |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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91 |
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26 |
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262509 (1 to 3) |
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SSPD, SNSPD, parallel-wire |
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We have realized superconducting single photon detectors with reduced inductance and increased signal pulse amplitude. The detectors are based on a parallel connection of ultrathin NbN nanowires with a common bias inductance. When properly biased, an absorbed photon induces a cascade switch of all the parallel wires generating a signal pulse amplitude of 2mV. The parallel wire configuration lowers the detector inductance and reduces the response time well below 1ns.
This work was performed in the framework of the EU project “SINPHONIA” NMP4-CT-2005-016433. |
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0003-6951 |
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1418 |
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Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. |
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Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers |
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1997 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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70 |
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24 |
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3296-3298 |
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NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique |
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We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K. |
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279 |
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Ekström, H.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
350 GHz NbN hot electron bolometer mixer |
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1995 |
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Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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269-283 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer devices have been fabricated and measured at 350 GHz. The HEB is integrated with a double dipole antenna on an extended crystalline quartz hyper hemispherical substrate lens. Heterodyne measurement gave a -3 dB bandwidth, mainly determined by the electron- phonon interaction time, of about 680 and 1000 MHz for two different films with Tc = 8.5 and 11 K respectively. The measured DSB receiver noise temperature is around 3000 K at 800 MHz IF frequency. The main contribution to the output noise from the device is due to electron temperature fluctuations with the equivalent output noise temperature TFL-100 K. TH, has the same frequency dependence as the IF response. The contribution from Johnson noise is of the order of T. The RF coupling loss is estimated to be = 6 dB. The film with lower Tc, had an estimated intrinsic low-frequency conversion loss = 7 dB, while the other film had a conversion loss as high as 14 dB. The difference in intrinsic conversion loss is explained by less uniform absorption of radiation. Measurements of the small signal impedance shows a transition of the output impedance from the DC differential resistance Rd=dV/dI in the low frequency limit to the DC resistance R 0 =Uoff 0 in the bias point for frequencies above 3 GHz. We judge that the optimum shape of the IV-characteristic is more easily obtained at THz frequencies where the main restriction in performance should come from problems with the RF coupling. |
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1628 |
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Ekström, H.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Title |
Investigation of a superconducting hot electron mixer |
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1994 |
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Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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169-188 |
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HEB mixers |
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Mixing at 20 GHz in niobium superconducting thin film strips in the resistive state is studied. Experiments give evidence that electron-heating is the main cause of the non linear phenomena. The requirements on the mode of operation and on the film parameters for small conversion loss and the possibility of conversion gain are discussed. Measurements indicate a minimum intrinsic conversion loss around 1 dB with a sharp drop for the lowest voltage bias-points, and a DSB mixer noise temperature between 100 and 450 K at 20 GHz. The device output noise temperature at the mixer operating point can be as low as 30-50 K. A simple theory is presented, which is based on the assumption that the small signal resistance is linearly dependent on power. This type of mixer is considered very promising for use in low-noise heterodyne receivers at THz frequencies. |
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1642 |
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