| Records |
| Author |
Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
| Title |
High speed travelling wave single-photon detectors with near-unity quantum efficiency |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-14 |
| Keywords |
SPD |
| Abstract |
Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. Close-to-unity photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides and achieve single photon detection efficiency up to 94% at telecom wavelengths. Our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable, low loss silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps at multi-GHz detection rates. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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arXiv:1108.5299 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
661 |
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| Author |
Steudle, Gesine A.; Schietinger, Stefan; Höckel, David; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Valery; Benson, Oliver |
| Title |
Quantum nature of light measured with a single detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
7 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
We realized the most fundamental quantum optical experiment to prove the non-classical character of light: Only a single quantum emitter and a single superconducting nanowire detector were used. A particular appeal of our experiment is its elegance and simplicity. Yet its results unambiguously enforce a quantum theory for light. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, giving the false impression that the beam splitter is required. Our work results in a major simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques with applications ranging from quantum information processing to single-molecule detection. |
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arXiv:1107.1353 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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667 |
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| Author |
Sprengers, J.P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore, A. |
| Title |
Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
11 |
| Keywords |
SPD |
| Abstract |
he generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators. |
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arXiv:1108.5107 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
668 |
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| Author |
Engel, Andreas; Aeschbacher, Adrian; Inderbitzin, Kevin; Schilling, Andreas; Il'in, Konstantin; Hofherr, Matthias; Siegel, Michael; Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm |
| Title |
Tantalum nitride superconducting single-photon detectors with low cut-off energy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
9 |
| Keywords |
SSPD |
| Abstract |
Materials with a small superconducting energy gap favor a high detection efficiency of low-energy photons in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We developed a TaN detector with smaller gap and lower density of states at the Fermi energy than in comparable NbN devices, while other relevant parameters remain essentially unchanged. This results in a reduction of the minimum photon energy required for direct detection to $\approx1/3$ as compared to NbN. |
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arXiv:1110.4576 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
687 |
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| Author |
Dorenbos, S. N.; Heeres, R.W.; Driessen, E.F.C; Zwiller, V. |
| Title |
Efficient and robust fiber coupling of superconducting single photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
6 |
| Keywords |
SSPD |
| Abstract |
We applied a recently developed fiber coupling technique to superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). As the detector area of SSPDs has to be kept as small as possible, coupling to an optical fiber has been either inefficient or unreliable. Etching through the silicon substrate allows fabrication of a circularly shaped chip which self aligns to the core of a ferrule terminated fiber in a fiber sleeve. In situ alignment at cryogenic temperatures is unnecessary and no thermal stress during cooldown, causing misalignment, is induced. We measured the quantum efficiency of these devices with an attenuated tunable broadband source. The combination of a lithographically defined chip and high precision standard telecommunication components yields near unity coupling efficiency and a system detection efficiency of 34% at a wavelength of 1200 nm. This quantum efficiency measurement is confirmed by an absolute efficiency measurement using correlated photon pairs (with $\lambda$ = 1064 nm) produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The efficiency obtained via this method agrees well with the efficiency measured with the attenuated tunable broadband source. |
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arXiv:1109.5809 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
689 |
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| Author |
Mazin, Benjamin A.; Bumble, Bruce; Meeker, Seth R.; O'Brien, Kieran; McHugh, Sean; Langman, Eric |
| Title |
A superconducting focal plane array for ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared astrophysics |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
9 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, have proven to be a powerful cryogenic detector technology due to their sensitivity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed into large arrays. A MKID is an energy sensor based on a photon-variable superconducting inductance in a lithographed microresonator, and is capable of functioning as a photon detector across the electromagnetic spectrum as well as a particle detector. Here we describe the first successful effort to create a photon-counting, energy-resolving ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared MKID focal plane array. These new Optical Lumped Element (OLE) MKID arrays have significant advantages over semiconductor detectors like charge coupled devices (CCDs). They can count individual photons with essentially no false counts and determine the energy and arrival time of every photon with good quantum efficiency. Their physical pixel size and maximum count rate is well matched with large telescopes. These capabilities enable powerful new astrophysical instruments usable from the ground and space. MKIDs could eventually supplant semiconductor detectors for most astronomical instrumentation, and will be useful for other disciplines such as quantum optics and biological imaging. |
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eprint arXiv:1112.0004 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
698 |
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| Author |
Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
| Title |
High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
1108.5299 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-23 |
| Keywords |
optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD, guantum photonics, jitter, detection efficiency |
| Abstract |
Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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no |
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Serial |
845 |
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| Author |
Sprengers, J.P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore A. |
| Title |
Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
1108.5107 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-11 |
| Keywords |
optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD |
| Abstract |
The generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators. |
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no |
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846 |
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Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-11 |
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We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level. |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
Serial |
948 |
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| Author |
Maslennikov, S. |
| Title |
RF heating efficiency of the terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
1404.5276 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-4 |
| Keywords |
superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer, HEB, NbN, distributed model, HEB model, HEB mixer model, heat balance equa-tions, conversion gain, RF heating efficiency, noise temperature, simulation, Euler method |
| Abstract |
We report results of the numerical solution by the Euler method of the system of heat balance equations written in recurrent form for the superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) embedded in an electrical circuit. By taking into account the dependence of the HEB resistance on the transport current we have been able to calculate rigorously the RF heating efficiency, absorbed local oscillator (LO) power and conversion gain of the HEB mixer. We show that the calculated conversion gai nis in excellent agreement with the experimental results, and that the substitution of the calculated RF heating efficiency and absorbed LO power into the expressions for the conversion gain and noise temperature given by the analytical small-signal model of the HEB yields excellent agreement with the corresponding measured values |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
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954 |
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