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| Author |
Saynak, UÄŸur |
| Title |
Novel rectangular spiral antennas |
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Manuscript |
| Year |
2008 |
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| Keywords |
optical antennas |
| Abstract |
Round spiral antennas are generally designed by using Archimedean spiral geometries which have linear growth rates. To obtain smaller antennas with nearly the same performance, square spiral Archimedean geometries are also widely used instead. In this study, novel square antennas are proposed, designed and examined. At first two similar but different approaches are employed to design new antennas by considering the design procedure used to obtain log-periodic antennas. Then, the performance of these antennas is improved by considering another property of log-periodic antennas. Simulations are performed by using two different numerical methods which are Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) and Method of Moments (MoM). The results obtained from the simulations are compared with those of the Archimedean spiral antennas in terms of the frequency dependency of fundamental antenna parameters such as antenna gain and radiation pattern. The simulation results are compared with the ones obtained from the experimental study. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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750 |
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| Author |
Pirandola, Stefano; Mancini, Stefano; Lloyd, Seth; Braunstein, Samuel L. |
| Title |
Continuous-variable quantum cryptography using two-way quantum communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Nature Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Phys. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
726-730 |
| Keywords |
fromIPMRAS |
| Abstract |
Quantum cryptography has recently been extended to continuous-variable systems, such as the bosonic modes of the electromagnetic field possessing continuous degrees of freedom. In particular, several cryptographic protocols have been proposed and experimentally implemented using bosonic modes with Gaussian statistics. These protocols have shown the possibility of reaching very high secret key rates, even in the presence of strong losses in the quantum communication channel. Despite this robustness to loss, their security can be affected by more general attacks where extra Gaussian noise is introduced by the eavesdropper. Here, we show a `hardware solution' for enhancing the security thresholds of these protocols. This is possible by extending them to two-way quantum communication where subsequent uses of the quantum channel are suitably combined. In the resulting two-way schemes, one of the honest parties assists the secret encoding of the other, with the chance of a non-trivial superadditive enhancement of the security thresholds. These results should enable the extension of quantum cryptography to more complex quantum communications. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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798 |
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| Author |
Kopp, Victor I.; Churikov, Victor M.; Genack, Azriel Z. |
| Title |
Chiral-fiber gratings sense the environment |
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Conference Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Laser Focus World |
Abbreviated Journal |
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44 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
76-79 |
| Keywords |
chiral fiber gratings, chiral gratings, from chiralphotonics |
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The article focuses on the use of chiral fiber gratings in sensing. It discusses the production of chiral optical fibers which are created through twisting fibers. It cites experiments concerning the function of chiral-fiber grating produced by twisting optical fibers. The process and results of the experiments are also discussed in the article. |
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850 |
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Tang, Liang; Kocabas, Sukru Ekin; Latif, Salman; Okyay, Ali K.; Ly-Gagnon, Dany-Sebastien; Saraswat, Krishna C.; Miller, David A. B. |
| Title |
Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Nature Photonics |
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2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
226-229 |
| Keywords |
optical antennas |
| Abstract |
A critical challenge for the convergence of optics and electronics is that the micrometre scale of optics is significantly larger than the nanometre scale of modern electronic devices. In the conversion from photons to electrons by photodetectors, this size incompatibility often leads to substantial penalties in power dissipation, area, latency and noise. A photodetector can be made smaller by using a subwavelength active region; however, this can result in very low responsivity because of the diffraction limit of the light. Here we exploit the idea of a half-wave Hertz dipole antenna (length approx 380 nm) from radio waves, but at near-infrared wavelengths (length approx 1.3 microm), to concentrate radiation into a nanometre-scale germanium photodetector. This gives a polarization contrast of a factor of 20 in the resulting photocurrent in the subwavelength germanium element, which has an active volume of 0.00072 microm3, a size that is two orders of magnitude smaller than previously demonstrated detectors at such wavelengths. |
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858 |
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Cherednichenko, Sergey; Drakinskiy, Vladimir; Berg, Therese; Khosropanah, Pourya; Kollberg, Erik |
| Title |
Hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers for the Herschel Space Observatory |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Review of Scientific Instruments |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
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Pages |
034501 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer, HEB detector, HEB direct detector, applications |
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We report on low noise terahertz mixers(1.4–1.9THz) developed for the heterodyne spectrometer onboard the Herschel Space Observatory. The mixers employ double slot antenna integrated superconducting hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) made of thin NbN films. The mixer performance was characterized in terms of detection sensitivity across the entire rf band by using a Fourier transform spectrometer (from 0.5to2.5THz, with 30GHz resolution) and also by measuring the mixernoise temperature at a limited number of discrete frequencies. The lowest mixernoise temperature recorded was 750K [double sideband (DSB)] at 1.6THz and 950KDSB at 1.9THz local oscillator (LO) frequencies. Averaged across the intermediate frequency band of 2.4–4.8GHz, the mixernoise temperature was 1100KDSB at 1.6THz and 1450KDSB at 1.9THz LO frequencies. The HEB heterodyne receiver stability has been analyzed and compared to the HEB stability in the direct detection mode. The optimal local oscillator power was determined and found to be in a 200–500nW range. |
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