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Bruderer, S.; Benz, A. O.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Melchior, M.; Doty, S. D.; van der Tak, F.; Stäuber, P.; Wampfler, S. F.; Dedes, C.; Yıldız, U. A.; Pagani, L.; Giannini, T.; de Graauw, Th.; Whyborn, N.; Teyssier, D.; Jellema, W.; Shipman, R.; Schieder, R.; Honingh, N.; Caux, E.; Bächtold, W.; Csillaghy, A.; Monstein, C.; Bachiller, R.; Baudry, A.; Benedettini, M.; Bergin, E.; Bjerkeli, P.; Blake, G. A.; Bontemps, S.; Braine, J.; Caselli, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Codella, C.; Daniel, F.; di Giorgio, A. M.; Dominik, C.; Encrenaz, P.; Fich, M.; Fuente, A.; Goicoechea, J. R.; Helmich, F.; Herczeg, G. J.; Herpin, F.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Jacq, T.; Johnstone, D.; Jørgensen, J. K.; Kristensen, L. E.; Larsson, B.; Lis, D.; Liseau, R.; Marseille, M.; McCoey, C.; Melnick, G.; Neufeld, D.; Nisini, B.; Olberg, M.; Parise, B.; Pearson, J. C.; Plume, R.; Risacher, C.; Santiago-García, J.; Saraceno, P.; Shipman, R.; Tafalla, M.; van Kempen, T. A.; Visser, R.; Wyrowski, F. |
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Herschel/HIFI detections of hydrides towards AFGL 2591. Envelope emission versus tenuous cloud absorption |
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2010 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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521 |
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L44 (1 to 7) |
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HEB mixer applications, HIFI, Herschel |
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The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) onboard the Herschel Space Observatory allows the first observations of light diatomic molecules at high spectral resolution and in multiple transitions. Here, we report deep integrations using HIFI in different lines of hydrides towards the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591. Detected are CH, CH+, NH, OH+, H2O+, while NH+ and SH+ have not been detected. All molecules except for CH and CH+ are seen in absorption with low excitation temperatures and at velocities different from the systemic velocity of the protostellar envelope. Surprisingly, the CH(JF,P = 3/22,- – 1/21,+ ) and CH+(J = 1–0, J = 2–1) lines are detected in emission at the systemic velocity. We can assign the absorption features to a foreground cloud and an outflow lobe, while the CH and CH+ emission stems from the envelope. The observed abundance and excitation of CH and CH+ can be explained in the scenario of FUV irradiated outflow walls, where a cavity etched out by the outflow allows protostellar FUV photons to irradiate and heat the envelope at larger distances driving the chemical reactions that produce these molecules. |
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Шангина, Е. Л.; Смирнов, К. В.; Морозов, Д. В.; Ковалюк, В. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Веревкин, А. А.; Торопов, А. И. |
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Полоса и потери преобразования полупроводникового смесителя с фононным каналом охлаждения двумерных электронов |
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2010 |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
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44 |
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11 |
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1475-1478 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures mixers |
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Методом субмиллиметровой спектроскопии с высоким временным разрешением измерены температурная и концентрационная зависимости полосы преобразования смесителей терагерцового диапазона AlGaAs/GaAs на разогреве двумерных электронов с фононным каналом их охлаждения. Полоса преобразования на уровне 3 дБ (f3 dB) при 4.2 K при изменении концентрации ns варьируется в пределах 150-250 МГц в соответствии со степенным законом f3 dB propto ns-0.5, что соответствует доминирующему механизму рассеяния на пьезоэлектрических фононах. Минимальное значение коэффициента потерь преобразования полупроводникового смесителя достигается в структурах с высокой подвижностью носителей mu>3·105 см2/В·с при 4.2 K. |
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Duplicated as 1216 |
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702 |
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Жорес Алферов |
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Лекции на телеканале Культура. Полупроводниковая революция. Наука и общество. |
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Miscellaneous |
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2010 |
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Телеканал Культура |
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Karasik, Boris S.; Cantor, Robin |
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Optical NEP in hot-electron nanobolometers |
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2010 |
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1-7 |
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HEB, Ti, NEP, femtowatt, SAFARI, SPICA, 650 GHz, 0.65 THz, 460 um, twin slot antenna, SQUID readout |
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For the first time, we have measured the optical noise equivalent power (NEP) in titanium (Ti) superconducting hot-electron nanobolometers (nano-HEBs). The bolometers were 2{\mu}mx1{\mu}mx20nm and 1{\mu}mx1{\mu}mx20nm planar antenna-coupled devices. The measurements were done at {\lambda} = 460 {\mu}m using a cryogenic black body radiation source delivering optical power from a fraction of a femtowatt to a few 100s of femtowatts. A record low NEP = 3x10^{-19} W/Hz^{1/2} at 50 mK has been achieved. This sensitivity meets the requirements for SAFARI instrument on the SPICA telescope. The ways for further improvement of the nano-HEB detector sensitivity are discussed. |
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To appear in Proc. 21st Int. Symp. on Spc. THz Technol., Oxford, UK, 23-25 March, 2010 |
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623 |
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Annunziata, Anthony J.; Quaranta, Orlando; Santavicca, Daniel F.; Casaburi, Alessandro; Frunzio, Luigi; Ejrnaes, Mikkel; Rooks, Michael J.; Cristiano, Roberto; Pagano, Sergio; Frydman, Aviad; Prober, Daniel E. |
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Reset dynamics and latching in niobium superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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2010 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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108 |
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8 |
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7 |
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SNSPD |
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We study the reset dynamics of niobium (Nb) superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) using experimental measurements and numerical simulations. The numerical simulations of the detection dynamics agree well with experimental measurements, using independently determined parameters in the simulations. We find that if the photon-induced hotspot cools too slowly, the device will latch into a dc resistive state. To avoid latching, the time for the hotspot to cool must be short compared to the inductive time constant that governs the resetting of the current in the device after hotspot formation. From simulations of the energy relaxation process, we find that the hotspot cooling time is determined primarily by the temperature-dependent electron-phonon inelastic time. Latching prevents reset and precludes subsequent photon detection. Fast resetting to the superconducting state is, therefore, essential, and we demonstrate experimentally how this is achieved. We compare our results to studies of reset and latching in niobium nitride SNSPDs. |
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Yamashita, Taro; Miki, Shigehito; Qiu, Wei; Fujiwara, Mikio; Sasaki, Masahide; Wang, Zhen |
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Temperature dependent performances of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors in an ultralow-temperature region |
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2010 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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21 |
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3 |
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336 - 339 |
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SNSPD |
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We report on the performance of a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) from 4 K down to the ultralow temperature of 16 mK for a 1550 nm wave length. The system detection efficiency (DE) increased with de creasing the temperature and reached the considerably high value of 15% with a dark count rate less than 100 cps below 1.5 K, even without an optical cavity structure. We also observed saturation of the system DE in its bias current dependency at 16 mK, which indicates that the device DE of our SNSPD nearly reached intrinsic DE despite the device having a large active area of 20 μm × 20 μm. The dark count was finite even at 16 mK and the black body radiation becomes its dominant origin in the low temperatures for fiber-coupled devices. |
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Jang, Young Rae; Yoo, Keon-Ho; Park, Seung Min |
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Rapid thermal annealing of ZnO thin films grown at room temperature |
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2010 |
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J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A |
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28 |
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2 |
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4 |
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Annealing |
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The authors successfully obtained high quality ZnO thin films by growing them at room temperature (RT) and postannealing by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on Si (100) substrates at RT, and RTA was performed under various temperatures and ambient conditions. Based on the UV emission to visible emission ratio in RT photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the optimum film was obtained at annealing temperature ~700 °C in an ambient of Ar, N2, or O2 at 0.1 Torr, while the optimum annealing temperature was above 1100 °C in the air ambient at atmospheric pressure. The morphology and structure of the films in different RTA conditions were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and were discussed in conjunction with the PL data. |
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Annealing |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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692 |
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Hoeffgen, S.K.; Kuhnhenn, J.; Weinand, U. |
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High radiation sensitivity of chiral long period gratings |
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2010 |
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IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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57 |
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2915 - 2922 |
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chiral fiber gratings, chiral gratings, chiral LPG, from chiralphotonics |
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The radiation sensitivity of chiral long period gratings was investigated for the first time. After a Co-60 gamma dose of 100 kGy they show radiation-induced changes of their transmission dip wavelength of up to 10 nm, which is 100 to 1000 times higher than the radiation-induced wavelength shift of different fiber Bragg grating types. They can therefore be used as radiation sensors down to doses of 10 Gy or even below, but not for accurate dose measurements since the size of the wavelength shift after a certain dose still depends on the radiation dose rate. Chiral gratings made of eight single mode fiber types with differences of their radiation-induced attenuation of several orders of magnitude were investigated in order to look for a correlation between dip wavelength shift and fiber attenuation. However, the dip wavelength curves do not show exactly the same order as the fiber attenuation curves. A theory that can exactly predict all properties of the chiral gratings might enable us to specify from our results an optimized fiber for the production of gratings that can also be used for radiation dosimetry. |
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Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Infrared and terahertz detectors on basis of superconducting nanostructures |
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2010 |
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Microwave and Telecom. Technol. (CriMiCo), 20th Int. Crimean Conf. |
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SSPD, SNSPD, HEB |
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Results of development of single-photon receiving systems of visible, infrared and terahertz range based on thin-film superconducting nanostructures are presented. The receiving systems are produced on the basis of superconducting nanostructures, which function by means of hot-electron phenomena. |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnov2010infrared |
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Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Chulkova, G. M.; Voronov, B. M. |
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Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter |
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2010 |
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35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves |
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SSPD, SNSPD, HEB |
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We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications. |
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