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Author Bruderer, S.; Benz, A. O.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Melchior, M.; Doty, S. D.; van der Tak, F.; Stäuber, P.; Wampfler, S. F.; Dedes, C.; Yıldız, U. A.; Pagani, L.; Giannini, T.; de Graauw, Th.; Whyborn, N.; Teyssier, D.; Jellema, W.; Shipman, R.; Schieder, R.; Honingh, N.; Caux, E.; Bächtold, W.; Csillaghy, A.; Monstein, C.; Bachiller, R.; Baudry, A.; Benedettini, M.; Bergin, E.; Bjerkeli, P.; Blake, G. A.; Bontemps, S.; Braine, J.; Caselli, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Codella, C.; Daniel, F.; di Giorgio, A. M.; Dominik, C.; Encrenaz, P.; Fich, M.; Fuente, A.; Goicoechea, J. R.; Helmich, F.; Herczeg, G. J.; Herpin, F.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Jacq, T.; Johnstone, D.; Jørgensen, J. K.; Kristensen, L. E.; Larsson, B.; Lis, D.; Liseau, R.; Marseille, M.; McCoey, C.; Melnick, G.; Neufeld, D.; Nisini, B.; Olberg, M.; Parise, B.; Pearson, J. C.; Plume, R.; Risacher, C.; Santiago-García, J.; Saraceno, P.; Shipman, R.; Tafalla, M.; van Kempen, T. A.; Visser, R.; Wyrowski, F. doi  openurl
  Title Herschel/HIFI detections of hydrides towards AFGL 2591. Envelope emission versus tenuous cloud absorption Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Astron. Astrophys. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 521 Issue Pages L44 (1 to 7)  
  Keywords HEB mixer applications, HIFI, Herschel  
  Abstract The Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) onboard the Herschel Space Observatory allows the first observations of light diatomic molecules at high spectral resolution and in multiple transitions. Here, we report deep integrations using HIFI in different lines of hydrides towards the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591. Detected are CH, CH+, NH, OH+, H2O+, while NH+ and SH+ have not been detected. All molecules except for CH and CH+ are seen in absorption with low excitation temperatures and at velocities different from the systemic velocity of the protostellar envelope. Surprisingly, the CH(JF,P = 3/22,- – 1/21,+ ) and CH+(J = 1–0, J = 2–1) lines are detected in emission at the systemic velocity. We can assign the absorption features to a foreground cloud and an outflow lobe, while the CH and CH+ emission stems from the envelope. The observed abundance and excitation of CH and CH+ can be explained in the scenario of FUV irradiated outflow walls, where a cavity etched out by the outflow allows protostellar FUV photons to irradiate and heat the envelope at larger distances driving the chemical reactions that produce these molecules.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1083  
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Author Жорес Алферов openurl 
  Title Лекции на телеканале Культура. Полупроводниковая революция. Наука и общество. Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2010 Publication Телеканал Культура Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 622  
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Author Karasik, Boris S.; Cantor, Robin url  openurl
  Title Optical NEP in hot-electron nanobolometers Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-7  
  Keywords HEB, Ti, NEP, femtowatt, SAFARI, SPICA, 650 GHz, 0.65 THz, 460 um, twin slot antenna, SQUID readout  
  Abstract For the first time, we have measured the optical noise equivalent power (NEP) in titanium (Ti) superconducting hot-electron nanobolometers (nano-HEBs). The bolometers were 2{\mu}mx1{\mu}mx20nm and 1{\mu}mx1{\mu}mx20nm planar antenna-coupled devices. The measurements were done at {\lambda} = 460 {\mu}m using a cryogenic black body radiation source delivering optical power from a fraction of a femtowatt to a few 100s of femtowatts. A record low NEP = 3x10^{-19} W/Hz^{1/2} at 50 mK has been achieved. This sensitivity meets the requirements for SAFARI instrument on the SPICA telescope. The ways for further improvement of the nano-HEB detector sensitivity are discussed.  
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  Notes To appear in Proc. 21st Int. Symp. on Spc. THz Technol., Oxford, UK, 23-25 March, 2010 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 623  
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Author Zhang, W.; Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Kollberg, E. L.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Bansal, T.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. openurl 
  Title Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 96 Issue 11 Pages 111113-(1-3)  
  Keywords HEB mixer, quantum limit, quantum noise, vacuum box, THz, Terahertz  
  Abstract We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The beta-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 624  
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Author Maslennikova, Anna; Tretyakov, Ivan; Ryabchun, Sergey; Finkel, Matvey; Kaurova, Natalia; Voronov, Boris; Gol’tsman, Gregory url  openurl
  Title Gain bandwidth and noise temperature of NbN HEB mixers with simultaneous phonon and diffusion cooling Type Abstract
  Year 2010 Publication Proc. 21th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 21th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 218-219  
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  Abstract The space observatory Millimetron will be operating in the millimeter, sub-millimeter and infrared ranges using a 12-m cryogenic telescope in a single-dish mode, and as an interferometer with the space-earth and space-space baselines (the latter after the launch of the second identical space telescope). The observatory will allow performing astronomical observations with an unprecedented sensitivity (down to nJy level) in the single-dish mode, and observations with a high angular resolution in the interferometer mode. The total spectral range 20 μm – 2 cm is separated into 10 bands. HEB mixers with two cooling channels (diffusion and phonon) have been chosen to be the detectors of choice of the system covering the range from 1 THz to 6 THz as the best detectors in terahertz receivers. This type of HEB has already shown good work in the terahertz range. A gain bandwidth of 6 GHz at an LO frequency of 300 GHz and a noise temperature of 750 K at an LO frequency of 2.5 THz are the best values for HEB mixers with two cooling channels [1]. Theoretical estimations predict a bandwidth up to 12 GHz. Reaching such good result demands more systematic and thorough research. We present the results of the gain bandwidth and noise temperature measurements for superconducting hot- electron bolometer mixers with two cooling channels. These characteristics of the devices of lengths varying from 50 to 200 nm were measured for the purposes of Millimetron at frequencies of 600 GHz, 2.5 THz, and 3.8 THz. For gain bandwidth measurements we use two BWO’s operating at 600 GHz: one as the signal and the second as the LO. The noise temperature measurements were performed using a gas discharge laser as the LO and blackbodies at 77 K and 295 K as input signals. The devices studied consist of 3.5-nm-thick NbN bridges connected to thick (10 nm) high conductivity Au leads fabricated in situ. This method of fabricating devices has already proved promising by opening the diffusion cooling channel. [2] Fig. 1 shows a SEM photograph of a log-spiral antenna with an HEB at its apex. Fig. 1. Left: a SEM photograph of a log-spiral antenna with an HEB at its apex; right: a close-up of the HEB at the antenna apex. [1] S. A. Ryabchun, I. V. Tretyakov, M. I. Finkel, S. N. Maslennikov, N. S. Kaurova, V. A. Seleznev, B. M. Voronov, and G. N. Gol’tsman, NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling, Proc. of the 20 th Int. Symp. Space. Technol., Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, April 20 – 22, 2009. 218[2] S. A. Ryabchun * , I. V. Tretyakov, M. I. Finkel, S. N. Maslennikov, N. S. Kaurova, V. A. Seleznev, B. M. Voronov and G. N. Goltsman, Fabrication and characterisation of NbN HEB mixers with in situ gold contacts, Proc. of the 19 th Int. Symp. Space. Technol., Groningen, The Netherlands, April 28-30, 2008  
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  Call Number (up) Serial 1393  
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Author Tret’yakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Kaurova, N. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Lobastova, A. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N. url  doi
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  Title Optimum absorbed heterodyne power for superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Tech. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Tech. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 1103-1105  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixer  
  Abstract Absorbed heterodyne power has been measured in a low-noise broadband hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer for the terahertz range, operating on the effect of electron heating in the resistive state of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film. It is established that the optimum absorbed heterodyne power for the HEB mixer operating at 2.5 THz is about 100 nW.  
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  ISSN 1063-7850 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 1389  
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Author Hoeffgen, S.K.; Kuhnhenn, J.; Weinand, U. openurl 
  Title High radiation sensitivity of chiral long period gratings Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 2915 - 2922  
  Keywords chiral fiber gratings, chiral gratings, chiral LPG, from chiralphotonics  
  Abstract The radiation sensitivity of chiral long period gratings was investigated for the first time. After a Co-60 gamma dose of 100 kGy they show radiation-induced changes of their transmission dip wavelength of up to 10 nm, which is 100 to 1000 times higher than the radiation-induced wavelength shift of different fiber Bragg grating types. They can therefore be used as radiation sensors down to doses of 10 Gy or even below, but not for accurate dose measurements since the size of the wavelength shift after a certain dose still depends on the radiation dose rate. Chiral gratings made of eight single mode fiber types with differences of their radiation-induced attenuation of several orders of magnitude were investigated in order to look for a correlation between dip wavelength shift and fiber attenuation. However, the dip wavelength curves do not show exactly the same order as the fiber attenuation curves. A theory that can exactly predict all properties of the chiral gratings might enable us to specify from our results an optimized fiber for the production of gratings that can also be used for radiation dosimetry.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 848  
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Author Doerr, C.R.; Zhang, C.; Winzer, P.J. openurl 
  Title Monolithic InP multi-wavelength coherent receiver Type Conference Article
  Year 2010 Publication Conference on optical fiber communication, collocated national fiber optic engineers conference Abbreviated Journal Conf. OFC/NFOEC  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-3  
  Keywords InP balanced detector, waveguide grating, polarization splitter, from chiralphotonics  
  Abstract We propose and demonstrate a novel four-channel monolithic polarization-diversity dual-quadrature coherent receiver with balanced detection in InP. It uses an interleave-chirped arrayed waveguide grating that acts simultaneously as a demultiplexer, 90° hybrid, and polarization splitter.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 851  
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Author Lee, B. G.; Doany, F. E.; Assefa, S.; Green, W.; Yang, M.; Schow, C. L.; Jahnes, C. V.; Zhang, S.; Singer, J.; Kopp, V. I.; Kash, J. A.; Vlasov, Y. A. openurl 
  Title 20-μm-pitch eight-channel monolithic fiber array coupling 160 Gb/s/channel to silicon nanophotonic chip Type Conference Article
  Year 2010 Publication Conf. OFC/NFOEC Abbreviated Journal Conf. OFC/NFOEC  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-3  
  Keywords spot size converters, SSC, optical waveguides, optical fiber waveguides, ultra-dense silicon waveguide arrays, silicon waveguides, waveguide arrays, from chiralphotonics  
  Abstract A multichannel tapered coupler interfacing standard 250-μm-pitch low-NA polarization-maintaining fiber arrays with ultra-dense 20-μm-pitch high-NA silicon waveguides is designed, fabricated, and tested, demonstrating coupling losses below 1 dB and injection bandwidths of 160 Gb/s/channel.  
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  Area Expedition Conference Conference on optical fiber communication, collocated national fiber optic engineers conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 852  
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Author Churikov, Victor M.; Kopp, Victor I.; Genack, Azriel Z. openurl 
  Title Chiral diffraction gratings in twisted microstructured fibers Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Optics Letters Abbreviated Journal Opt. Lett.  
  Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 342-344  
  Keywords chiral diffracion gratings, optical fiber gratings, from chiralphotonics  
  Abstract We observed dips in transmission spectra of uniformly twisted pure-silica microstructured fibers. The spectral positions of the dips and their insensitivity to the surrounding medium are consistent with Bragg diffraction from the helical structure. The reproducibility of the variation of the dip wavelength with temperature up to 1000°C makes the chiral diffraction grating suitable for high-temperature sensing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Serial 853  
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