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Jang, Young Rae; Yoo, Keon-Ho; Park, Seung Min |
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Rapid thermal annealing of ZnO thin films grown at room temperature |
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2010 |
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J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A |
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28 |
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2 |
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4 |
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Annealing |
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The authors successfully obtained high quality ZnO thin films by growing them at room temperature (RT) and postannealing by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on Si (100) substrates at RT, and RTA was performed under various temperatures and ambient conditions. Based on the UV emission to visible emission ratio in RT photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the optimum film was obtained at annealing temperature ~700 °C in an ambient of Ar, N2, or O2 at 0.1 Torr, while the optimum annealing temperature was above 1100 °C in the air ambient at atmospheric pressure. The morphology and structure of the films in different RTA conditions were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and were discussed in conjunction with the PL data. |
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Annealing |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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692 |
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O'Neal, Claire |
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A project guide to rocks and minerals |
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2010 |
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Mitchell Lane Publishers |
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1-47 |
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children |
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1147 |
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Churikov, Victor M.; Kopp, Victor I.; Genack, Azriel Z. |
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Title |
Chiral diffraction gratings in twisted microstructured fibers |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Optics Letters |
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Opt. Lett. |
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35 |
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3 |
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342-344 |
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chiral diffracion gratings, optical fiber gratings, from chiralphotonics |
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We observed dips in transmission spectra of uniformly twisted pure-silica microstructured fibers. The spectral positions of the dips and their insensitivity to the surrounding medium are consistent with Bragg diffraction from the helical structure. The reproducibility of the variation of the dip wavelength with temperature up to 1000°C makes the chiral diffraction grating suitable for high-temperature sensing. |
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853 |
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Hoeffgen, S.K.; Kuhnhenn, J.; Weinand, U. |
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Title |
High radiation sensitivity of chiral long period gratings |
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2010 |
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IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. |
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57 |
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5 |
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2915 - 2922 |
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chiral fiber gratings, chiral gratings, chiral LPG, from chiralphotonics |
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The radiation sensitivity of chiral long period gratings was investigated for the first time. After a Co-60 gamma dose of 100 kGy they show radiation-induced changes of their transmission dip wavelength of up to 10 nm, which is 100 to 1000 times higher than the radiation-induced wavelength shift of different fiber Bragg grating types. They can therefore be used as radiation sensors down to doses of 10 Gy or even below, but not for accurate dose measurements since the size of the wavelength shift after a certain dose still depends on the radiation dose rate. Chiral gratings made of eight single mode fiber types with differences of their radiation-induced attenuation of several orders of magnitude were investigated in order to look for a correlation between dip wavelength shift and fiber attenuation. However, the dip wavelength curves do not show exactly the same order as the fiber attenuation curves. A theory that can exactly predict all properties of the chiral gratings might enable us to specify from our results an optimized fiber for the production of gratings that can also be used for radiation dosimetry. |
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848 |
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Tikhonov, V. V.; Boyarskii, D. A.; Polyakova, O. N.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Radiophysical and dielectric properties of ore minerals in 12--145 GHz frequency range |
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2010 |
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PIER B |
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PIER B |
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25 |
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349-367 |
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complex permittivity, ore minerals |
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The paper discusses a retrieval technique of complex permittivity of ore minerals in frequency ranges of 12--38 GHz and 77--145 GHz. The method is based on measuring frequency dependencies of transmissivity and reflectivity of plate-parallel mineral samples. In the 12--38 GHz range, the measurements were conducted using a panoramic standing wave ratio and attenuation meter. In the 77--145 GHz range, frequency dependencies of transmissivity and reflectivity were obtained using millimeter-band spectrometer with backward-wave oscillators. The real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity of a mineral were determined solving an equation system for frequency dependencies of transmissivity and reflectivity of an absorbing layer located between two dielectric media. In the course of the work, minerals that are primary ores in iron, zinc, copper and titanium mining were investigated: magnetite, hematite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and ilmenite. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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639 |
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