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Hong, K., Marsh, P. F., Geok-Ing Ng, Pavlidis, D., & Hong, C. - H. (1994). Optimization of MOVPE grown InxAl1-xAs/In0.53Ga0.47As planar heteroepitaxial Schottky diodes for terahertz applications. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 41(9), 1489–1497.
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Hesler, J. L., Hall, W. R., Crowe, T. W., Weikle, R. M., Bradley, R. F., & Pan, S. - K. (1996). Submm wavelenght waveguide mixers using planar Schottky barier diods. In Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (462).
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Kawamura, J., Blundell, R., Tong, C. - Y. E., Gol'tsman, G., Gershenzon, E., Voronov, B., et al. (1997). Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths. In Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 23–28).
Abstract: The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz.
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Kerr, A. R., Feldman, M. J., & Pan, S. - K. (1997). Receiver noise temperature, the quantum noise limit, and zero–point fluctuations. In Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 101–111).
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Kawamura, J. H., Tong, C. - Y. E., Blundell, R., Cosmo Papa, D., Hunter, T. R., Gol'tsman, G., et al. (1999). An 800 GHz NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 9(2), 3753–3756.
Abstract: We describe a heterodyne receiver developed for astronomical applications to operate in the 350 /spl mu/m atmospheric window. The waveguide receiver employs a superconductive NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer. The double sideband receiver noise temperature closely follows 1 kGHz/sup -1/ across 780-870 GHz, with the intermediate frequency centered at 1.4 GHz. The conversion loss is about 15 dB. The receiver was installed for operation at the University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Submillimeter Telescope facility. The instrument was successfully used to conduct test observations of a number of celestial sources in a number of astronomically important spectral lines.
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