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Currie, N. C., Demma, F. J., Ferris Jr., D. D., Kwasowsky, B. R., McMillan, R. W., & Wicks, M. C. (1996). Infrared and millimeter-wave sensors for military special operations and law enforcement applications. Int. J. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 17(7), 1117–1138.
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Gerecht, E., Musante, C. F., Schuch, R., Lutz, C. R., Jr., Yngvesson, K. S., et al. (1995). Hot electron detection and mixing experiments in NbN at 119 micrometer wavelength. In Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 284–293).
Abstract: We have performed preliminary experiments with the goal of demonstrating a Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) mixer for a 119 micrometer wavelength (2.5 THz). We have chosen a NbN device of size 700 x 350 micrometers. This device can easily be coupled to a laser LO source, which is advantageous for performing a prototype experiment. The relatively large size of the device means that the LO power required is in the mW range; this power can be easily obtained from a THz laser source. We have measured the amount of laser power actually absorbed in the device, and from this have estimated the best optical coupling loss to be about 10 di . We are developing methods for improving the optical coupling further. Preliminary measurements of the response of the device to a chopped black-body have not yet resulted in a measured receiver noise temperature. We expect to be able to complete this measurement in the near future.
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Leisawitz, D. T., Danchi, W. C., Dipirro, M. J., Feinberg, L. D., Gezari, D. Y., Hagopian, M., et al. (2000). Scientific motivation and technology requirements for the SPIRIT and SPECS far-infrared/submillimeter space interferometers. In Proc. SPIE (Vol. 4013, pp. 36–46).
Abstract: Far infrared interferometers in space would enable extraordinary measurements of the early universe, the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets, and would have great discovery potential. Since half the luminosity of the universe and 98% of the photons released since the Big Bang are now observable at far IR wavelengths (40 – 500 micrometers ), and the Earth's atmosphere prevents sensitive observations from the ground, this is one of the last unexplored frontiers of space astronomy. We present the engineering and technology requirements that stem from a set of compelling scientific goals and discuss possible configurations for two proposed NASA missions, the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope and the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure.
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Pan, S. K., A. R. Kerr, M. W. P., Lauria, E. F., Crady, W. K., Horner, N., Srikanth, J. S., et al. (2004). A fixed-tuned integrated SIS mixer with ultra-wideband IF and quantum-limited sensitivity for ALMA band 3 (84-116 GHz) receivers. In Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 55–61). Northampton, MA.
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