Смирнов, К. В., Вахтомин, Ю. Б., Смирнов, А. В., Ожегов, Р. В., Пентин, И. В., Дивочий, А. В., et al. (2010). Приемники терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов, основанные на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах. Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика, 5(4).
Abstract: В работе представлены результаты разработки и создания чувствительных и ультрабыстрых приемников, основанных на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах: болометрах на эффекте электронного разогрева (HEB – hot-electron bolometer) и детекторах одиночных фотонов видимого и инфракрасного диапазонов волн (SSPD – superconducting singe-photon detector). Представлены основные принципы работы сверхпроводниковых устройств, технология создания и конструкционные особенности приемников, их основные типы и характеристики. Достигнутые рекордные значения параметров приемных систем позволяют использовать созданные приборы при решении различных научно-исследовательских задач в ближнем, среднем и дальнем ИК диапазонах волн.
This work presents the results of the development and fabrication of sensitive and ultrafast detectorsbased on thin film superconducting nanostructures: hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) and visible and infrared superconducting singe photon detectors (SSPDs). The main operational principles of the superconducting devices are presentedas well as the technology of fabrication of the detectors and their main types and parameters. The achieved record parameters of the detectors allow application of the fabricated devices to solution of various research problems in the near, middle and far IR ranges.
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Milostnaya, I., Korneev, A., Tarkhov, M., Divochiy, A., Minaeva, O., Seleznev, V., et al. (2008). Superconducting single photon nanowire detectors development for IR and THz applications. J. Low Temp. Phys., 151(1-2), 591–596.
Abstract: We present our progress in the development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on meander-shaped nanowires made from few-nm-thick superconducting films. The SSPDs are operated at a temperature of 2–4.2 K (well below T c ) being biased with a current very close to the nanowire critical current at the operation temperature. To date, the material of choice for SSPDs is niobium nitride (NbN). Developed NbN SSPDs are capable of single photon counting in the range from VIS to mid-IR (up to 6 μm) with a record low dark counts rate and record-high counting rate. The use of a material with a low transition temperature should shift the detectors sensitivity towards longer wavelengths. We present state-of-the art NbN SSPDs as well as the results of our recent approach to expand the developed SSPD technology by the use of superconducting materials with lower T c , such as molybdenum rhenium (MoRe). MoRe SSPDs first were made and tested; a single photon response was obtained.
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Korneev, A. A., Divochiy, A. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Korneeva, Y. P., Larionov, P. A., Manova, N. N., et al. (2013). IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film. Rus. J. Radio Electron., (5).
Abstract: We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres.
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Korneeva, Y. P., Mikhailov, M. Y., Pershin, Y. P., Manova, N. N., Divochiy, A. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., et al. (2014). Superconducting single-photon detector made of MoSi film. Supercond. Sci. Technol., 27(9), 095012.
Abstract: We fabricated and characterized nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors made of 4 nm thick amorphous Mox Si1−x films. At 1.7 K the best devices exhibit a detection efficiency (DE) up to 18% at 1.2 $\mu {\rm m}$ wavelength of unpolarized light, a characteristic response time of about 6 ns and timing jitter of 120 ps. The DE was studied in wavelength range from 650 nm to 2500 nm. At wavelengths below 1200 nm these detectors reach their maximum DE limited by photon absorption in the thin MoSi film.
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Takemoto, K., Nambu, Y., Miyazawa, T., Sakuma, Y., Yamamoto, T., Yorozu, S., et al. (2015). Quantum key distribution over 120 km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors. Sci. Rep., 5, 14383.
Abstract: Advances in single-photon sources (SPSs) and single-photon detectors (SPDs) promise unique applications in the field of quantum information technology. In this paper, we report long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) by using state-of-the-art devices: a quantum-dot SPS (QD SPS) emitting a photon in the telecom band of 1.5 μm and a superconducting nanowire SPD (SNSPD). At the distance of 100 km, we obtained the maximal secure key rate of 27.6 bps without using decoy states, which is at least threefold larger than the rate obtained in the previously reported 50-km-long QKD experiment. We also succeeded in transmitting secure keys at the rate of 0.307 bps over 120 km. This is the longest QKD distance yet reported by using known true SPSs. The ultralow multiphoton emissions of our SPS and ultralow dark count of the SNSPD contributed to this result. The experimental results demonstrate the potential applicability of QD SPSs to practical telecom QKD networks.
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