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Elant'ev, A. I., & Karasik, B. S. (1989). Effect of high-frequency current on Nb superconductive film in resistive state. Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys., 15(7), 379–383.
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de Lara, D. P., Ejrnaes, M., Casaburi, A., Lisitskiy, M., Cristiano, R., Pagano, S., et al. (2008). Feasibility investigation of NbN nanowires as detector in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins). J. Low Temp. Phys., 151(3-4), 771–776.
Abstract: We are investigating the possibility of using NbN nanowires as detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometers for investigation of macromolecules of interest in biology (proteins). NbN nanowires could overcome the two major drawbacks encountered so far by cryogenic detectors, namely the low working temperature in the mK region and the slow temporal response. In fact, NbN nanowires can work at 5 K and the response time is at least a factor 10–100 better than that of other cryogenic detectors. We present a feasibility study based on a numerical code to calculate the response of a NbN nanowire. The parameter space is investigated at different energies from IR to macromolecules (i.e. from eV to keV) in order to understand if larger value of film thickness and width can be used for the keV energy region. We also present preliminary experimental results of irradiation with X-ray photons of NbN to simulate the effect of macromolecules of the same energy.
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Shklovskij V.A. (1980). Hot Electrons in Metals at Low Temperatures. J. Low Temp. Phys., 41, 375–396.
Abstract: Hot electrons in metals at helium temperatures under steady conditions can be produced by passing an electric current of moderate density through thin, narrow (-1 μm wide) metallic films in good thermal contact with bulk single-crystal dielectric substrates. This paper is concerned with the theory of hot electrons in normal metals at low temperatures (when θ<< θ(D), where θ is the average electron energy and θ(D) is the Debye temperature). The theory is formulated in terms of realistic electron and phonon dispersion laws, taking into account the experimental possibility of heat removal from the sample. In the case in which the temperature approximation of Kagnov, Lifshitz, and Tanatarov is not satisfied when elastic scattering of electrons is dominant in a steady state electric field, the kinetic equation is derived for the energy-dependent, hot electron distribution function, which determines the associated nonlinear responses. The solution of this equation is discussed for a simple model. It is shown that the experimental information on the electron-phonon interaction in a metal can be obtained in terms of the well-known spectral functions. This is illustrated by experiments determining the nonlinear field dependence of the resistance, by tunnel experiments, and by critical current hysteresis measurements (for superconducting metals). Theoretical estimates which support the observability of the effects underdiscussion are presented.
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Gershenzon, E. M., Gol'tsman, G. N., Elantiev, A. I., Karasik, B. S., & Potoskuev, S. E. (1988). Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state. Sov. J. Low Temp. Phys., 14(7), 414–420.
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Schmid, A., & Schön, G. (1975). Linearized kinetic equations and relaxation processes of a superconductor near Tc. J. Low Temp. Phys., 20(1-2), 207–227.
Abstract: Starting from the equation of Gor'kov and Eliashberg in a form introduced by Eilenberger, we derive a set of linearized equations for the deviation from the equilibrium value of the quasiparticle distribution function as well as of the order parameter. These equations resemble the Boltzmann equation and the Ginzburg-Landau equation, respectively, and they form a set of coupled equations. Two different modes can be distinguished, depending on whether the order parameter changes in magnitude or in phase. The equations are solved for the case of a stationary quasiparticle injection into a superconductor and the change in the electrochemical potential of the quasiparticles is calculated. Furthermore, we treat the problem of a current flowing perpendicular to a superconducting-normal interface in which a normal current is converted into a supercurrent, and we calculate the extra resistance of the interface.
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