@InProceedings{Teich1968,
author="Teich, M. C.",
title="Infrared heterodyne detection",
booktitle="Proc. IEEE",
year="1968",
publisher="IEEE",
volume="56",
number="1",
pages="37--46",
optkeywords="minimum detectable power; quantum limit; infrared; IR mixer",
abstract="Heterodyne experiments have been performed in the middle infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum using the CO2laser as a radiation source. Theoretically optimum operation has been achieved at kHz heterodyne frequencies using photoconductive Ge:Cu detectors operated at 4{\textdegree}K, and at kHz and MHz frequencies using Pb1-xSnxSe photovoltaic detectors at 77{\textdegree}K. In accordance with the theory, the minimum detectable power observed is a factor of 2/{\^I}{\textperiodcentered} greater than the theoretically perfect quantum counter, hv{\^I}{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}f. The coefficient 2/{\^I}{\textperiodcentered} varies from 5 to 25 for the detectors investigated in this study. A comparison is made between photoconductive and photodiode detectors for heterodyne use in the infrared, and it is concluded that both are useful. Heterodyne detection at 10.6 {\textmu}m is expected to be useful for communications applications, infrared radar, and heterodyne spectroscopy. It has particular significance because of the high radiation power available from the CO2laser, and because of the 8 to 14 {\textmu}m atmospheric window.",
optnote="exported from refbase (https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/show.php?record=1060), last updated on Sun, 18 Oct 2015 18:42:38 -0500",
issn="0018-9219",
doi="10.1109/PROC.1968.6137",
opturl="https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1968.6137"
}