PT Journal
AU Gol'tsman, GN
   Korneev, A
   Rubtsova, I
   Milostnaya, I
   Chulkova, G
   Minaeva, O
   Smirnov, K
   Voronov, B
   Słysz, W
   Pearlman, A
   Verevkin, A
   Sobolewski, R
TI Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications
SO Phys. Stat. Sol. (C)
JI Phys. Stat. Sol. (C)
PY 2005
BP 1480
EP 1488
VL 2
IS 5
DI 10.1002/pssc.200460829
DE NbN SSPD; SNSPD
AB We present our progress on the research and development of NbN superconducting single‐photon detectors (SSPD's) for ultrafast counting of near‐infrared photons for secure quantum communications. Our SSPD's operate in the quantum detection mode based on the photon‐induced hotspot formation and subsequent development of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron‐width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 4‐nm‐thick NbN films and kept in the 4.2‐ to 2‐K temperature range. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon‐counting mode reaches above 40% for the visible light and up to 30% in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm wavelength range with dark counts below 0.01 per second. The experimental real‐time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by our readout electronics. The SSPD's timing jitter is below 18 ps, and the best‐measured value of the noise‐equivalent power (NEP) is 5 × 10–21 W/Hz1/2 at 1.3 µm. In terms of quantum efficiency, timing jitter, and maximum counting rate, our NbN SSPD's significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers in the 1.3‐ to 1.55‐µm range.
ER