@InProceedings{Ekstroem_etal1994,
author="Ekstr{\"o}m, H.
and Karasik, B.
and Kollberg, E.
and Yngvesson, K. S.",
title="Investigation of a superconducting hot electron mixer",
booktitle="Proc. 5$^{th}$ Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.",
year="1994",
pages="169--188",
optkeywords="HEB mixers",
abstract="Mixing at 20 GHz in niobium superconducting thin film strips in the resistive state is studied. Experiments give evidence that electron-heating is the main cause of the non linear phenomena. The requirements on the mode of operation and on the film parameters for small conversion loss and the possibility of conversion gain are discussed. Measurements indicate a minimum intrinsic conversion loss around 1 dB with a sharp drop for the lowest voltage bias-points, and a DSB mixer noise temperature between 100 and 450 K at 20 GHz. The device output noise temperature at the mixer operating point can be as low as 30-50 K. A simple theory is presented, which is based on the assumption that the small signal resistance is linearly dependent on power. This type of mixer is considered very promising for use in low-noise heterodyne receivers at THz frequencies.",
optnote="exported from refbase (https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/show.php?record=1642), last updated on Wed, 26 May 2021 22:12:20 -0500",
opturl="https://www.nrao.edu/meetings/isstt/1994.shtml"
}