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Author McCarthy, Aongus; Krichel, Nils J.; Gemmell, Nathan R.; Ren, Ximing; Tanner, Michael G.; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Val; Hadfield, Robert H.; Buller, Gerald S. doi  openurl
  Title Kilometer-range, high resolution depth imaging via 1560 nm wavelength single-photon detection Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2013 Publication Opt. Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 21 Issue 7 Pages 8904-8915  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, lidar, SSPD applications, SNSPD applications  
  Abstract This paper highlights a significant advance in time-of-flight depth imaging: by using a scanning transceiver which incorporated a free-running, low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we were able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in daylight at stand-off distances of the order of one kilometer at the relatively eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm. The detector used had an efficiency of 18% at 1 kHz dark count rate, and the overall system jitter was ~100 ps. The depth images were acquired by illuminating the scene with an optical output power level of less than 250 µW average, and using per-pixel dwell times in the millisecond regime.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1053  
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Author Schuck, C.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Minaeva, O.; Li, Mo; Gol'tsman, G.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Matrix of integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high timing resolution Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2013 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 2201007-2201007  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, array, matrix  
  Abstract We demonstrate a large grid of individually addressable superconducting single photon detectors on a single chip. Each detector element is fully integrated into an independent waveguide circuit with custom functionality at telecom wavelengths. High device density is achieved by fabricating the nanowire detectors in traveling wave geometry directly on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our superconducting single photon detector matrix includes detector designs optimized for high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and high timing accuracy. As an example, we exploit the high timing resolution of a particularly short nanowire design to resolve individual photon round-trips in a cavity ring-down measurement of a silicon ring resonator.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1373  
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Author Zolotov, P.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Divochiy, A.; Seleznev, V.; Morozov, P.; Smirnov, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title High-efficiency single-photon detectors based on NbN films Type Miscellaneous
  Year (down) 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present our resent results in development and testing of Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) with detection efficiencies greater than 85%. High values of obtained results are assigned to proposed design of the detector with integrated resonator structure, including two-layer optical cavity and anti-reflective coating (ARC).  
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  Notes Poster Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1254  
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Author Bulaevskii, L. N.; Graf, Matthias J.; Kogan, V. G. openurl 
  Title Vortex-assisted photon counts and their magnetic field dependence in single-photon superconducting detectors Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2012 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B  
  Volume 85 Issue 1 Pages 9  
  Keywords SSPD; SNSPD; single-vortex crossing; normal-state belt  
  Abstract We argue that photon counts in a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) are caused by the transition from a current-biased metastable superconducting state to the normal state. Such a transition is triggered by vortices crossing the thin and narrow superconducting strip from one edge to another due to the Lorentz force. Detector counts in SNSPDs may be caused by three processes: (a) a single incident photon with sufficient energy to break enough Cooper pairs to create a normal-state belt across the entire width of the strip (direct photon count), (b) thermally induced single-vortex crossing in the absence of photons (dark count), which at high-bias currents releases the energy sufficient to trigger the transition to the normal state in a belt across the whole width of the strip, and (c) a single incident photon of insufficient energy to create a normal-state belt but initiating a subsequent single-vortex crossing, which provides the rest of the energy needed to create the normal-state belt (vortex-assisted single-photon count). We derive the current dependence of the rate of vortex-assisted photon counts. The resulting photon count rate has a plateau at high currents close to the critical current and drops as a power law with high exponent at lower currents. While the magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane does not affect the formation of hot spots by photons, it causes the rate of vortex crossings (with or without photons) to increase. We show that by applying a magnetic field one may characterize the energy barrier for vortex crossings and identify the origin of dark counts and vortex-assisted photon counts.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 733  
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Author Henrich, D.; Dorner,S.; Hofherr, M.; Il'in, K.; Semenov, A.; Heintze, E.; Scheffler, M.; Dressel, M.; Siegel, M. openurl 
  Title Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.  
  Volume 112 Issue Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, magnetron sputtering, spectrum, NbN film, nitrogen concentration  
  Abstract The spectral detection efficiency and the dark count rate of superconducting nanowire

single-photon detectors (SNSPD) have been studied systematically on detectors made from thin

NbN films with different chemical compositions. Reduction of the nitrogen content in the 4 nm

thick NbN films results in a decrease of the dark count rates more than two orders of magnitude

and in a red shift of the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot SNSPD response. The observed

phenomena are explained by an improvement of uniformity of NbN films that has been confirmed

by a decrease of resistivity and an increase of the ratio of the measured critical current to the

depairing current. The latter factor is considered as the most crucial for both the cut-off

wavelength and the dark count rates of SNSPD. Based on our results we propose a set of criteria

for material properties to optimize SNSPD in the infrared spectral region. VC 2012 American

Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757625]		  
  Address  
  Corporate Author D. Henrich, S. Dorner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, E. Heintze, M. Scheffler, M. Dressel, M. Siegel Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ seleznev @ Serial 877  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Inderbitzin, K.; Engel, A.; Schilling, A.; Il'in, K.; Siegel, M. openurl 
  Title An ultra-fast superconducting Nb nanowire single-photon detector for soft x-rays Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 101 Issue Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, x-ray, Nb  
  Abstract Although superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are well studied regarding the

detection of infrared/optical photons and keV-molecules, no studies on continuous x-ray photon

counting by thick-film detectors have been reported so far. We fabricated a 100 nm thick niobium

x-ray SNSPD (an X-SNSPD) and studied its detection capability of photons with keV-energies in

continuous mode. The detector is capable to detect photons even at reduced bias currents of 0.4%,

which is in sharp contrast to optical thin-film SNSPDs. No dark counts were recorded in extended

measurement periods. Strikingly, the signal amplitude distribution depends significantly on the photon

energy spectrum.VC		  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ seleznev @ Serial 878  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Julia Toussaint, Roman Grüner, Marco Schubert, Torsten May, Hans-Georg Meyer, Benjamin Dietzek, Jürgen Popp, Matthias Hofherr, Matthias Arndt, Dagmar Henrich, Konstantin Il'in, and Michael Siegel openurl 
  Title Superconducting single-photon counting system for optical experiments requiring time-resolution in the picosecond range Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal AIP REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS  
  Volume 83 Issue Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, picosecond, time-resolution  
  Abstract We have developed a cryogenic measurement system for single-photon counting, which can be used

in optical experiments requiring high time resolution in the picosecond range. The system utilizes

niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors which are integrated in a timecorrelated

single-photon counting (TCSPC) setup. In this work, we describe details of the mechanical

design, the electrical setup, and the cryogenic optical components. The performance of the complete

system in TCSPC mode is tentatively benchmarked using 140 fs long laser pulses at a repetition

frequency of 75MHz. Due to the high temporal stability of these pulses, the measured time resolution

of 35 ps (FWHM) is limited by the timing jitter of the measurement system. The result was crosschecked

in a Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) setup, where scattered pulses from a

β-barium borate crystal have been detected with the same time resolution.		  
  Address  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ seleznev @ Serial 885  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared Type Journal Article
  Year (down) 2012 Publication Phys. Procedia Abbreviated Journal Phys. Procedia  
  Volume 36 Issue Pages 72-76  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1875-3892 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1382  
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Author Minaeva, O.; Fraine, A.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sergienko, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title High resolution optical time-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2012 Publication Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII Abbreviated Journal Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII  
  Volume Issue Pages Fw3a.39  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, Photodetectors; Fiber characterization; Light beams; Optical time domain reflectometry; Photon counting; Single mode fibers; Single photon detectors; Superconductors  
  Abstract We discuss the advantages and limitations of single-photon optical time-domain reflectometry with superconducting single-photon detectors. The higher two-point resolution can be achieved due to superior timing performance of SSPDs in comparison with InGaAs APDs.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Optical Society of America Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1237  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. url  openurl
  Title High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits Type Miscellaneous
  Year (down) 2012 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume 1108.5299 Issue Pages 1-23  
  Keywords optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD, guantum photonics, jitter, detection efficiency  
  Abstract Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 845  
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