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Author |
Teich, M. C. |
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Title |
Infrared heterodyne detection |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Proc. IEEE |
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Volume |
56 |
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1 |
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37-46 |
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Keywords |
minimum detectable power, quantum limit, infrared, IR mixer |
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Abstract |
Heterodyne experiments have been performed in the middle infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum using the CO2laser as a radiation source. Theoretically optimum operation has been achieved at kHz heterodyne frequencies using photoconductive Ge:Cu detectors operated at 4°K, and at kHz and MHz frequencies using Pb1-xSnxSe photovoltaic detectors at 77°K. In accordance with the theory, the minimum detectable power observed is a factor of 2/η greater than the theoretically perfect quantum counter, hvΔf. The coefficient 2/η varies from 5 to 25 for the detectors investigated in this study. A comparison is made between photoconductive and photodiode detectors for heterodyne use in the infrared, and it is concluded that both are useful. Heterodyne detection at 10.6 µm is expected to be useful for communications applications, infrared radar, and heterodyne spectroscopy. It has particular significance because of the high radiation power available from the CO2laser, and because of the 8 to 14 µm atmospheric window. |
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IEEE |
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0018-9219 |
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1060 |
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Pyatkov, F.; Khasminskaya, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Krupke, R. |
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Title |
Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. |
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8 |
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38-44 |
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carbon nanotubes; CNT; infrared; integrated optics devices; nanomaterials |
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been integrated into optical waveguides and operated as electrically-driven light emitters under constant electrical bias. Such devices are of interest for the conversion of fast electrical signals into optical ones within a nanophotonic circuit. Here, we demonstrate that waveguide-integrated single-walled CNTs are promising high-speed transducers for light-pulse generation in the gigahertz range. Using a scalable fabrication approach we realize hybrid CNT-based nanophotonic devices, which generate optical pulse trains in the range from 200 kHz to 2 GHz with decay times below 80 ps. Our results illustrate the potential of CNTs for hybrid optoelectronic systems and nanoscale on-chip light sources. |
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Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany |
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2190-4286 |
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PMID:28144563; PMCID:PMC5238692 |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1109 |
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Author |
González, F. J.; Boreman, G. D. |
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Title |
Comparison of dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Inf Phys & Technol |
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46 |
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5 |
Pages |
418-428 |
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Keywords |
optical antennas; Microbolometer; Infrared antennas; Antenna efficiency; Antenna-coupled detectors |
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Abstract |
Antenna-coupled microbolometers use planar lithographic antennas to couple infrared radiation into a bolometer with sub-micron dimensions. In this paper four different types of infrared antennas were fabricated on thin grounded-substrates and coupled to microbolometers. Dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antenna-coupled detectors were measured at 10.6 μm and their performance compared. A new method to calculate the radiation efficiency based on the spatial and angular response of infrared antennas is presented and used to evaluate their performance. The calculated radiation efficiency for the dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas was 20%, 37%, 25% and 46% respectively. A dipole-length study was performed and shows that the quasistatic value of the effective permittivity accurately describes the incident wavelength in the substrate at infrared frequencies for antennas on a thin substrate. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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739 |
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Author |
Gershenson, M. E.; Gong, D.; Sato, T.; Karasik, B. S.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Millisecond electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered metal films at millikelvin temperatures |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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79 |
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Pages |
2049-2051 |
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Keywords |
HEB detector, FIR, far infrared |
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RPLAB @ s @ heb_eph_interaction_Gershenzon |
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315 |
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Author |
Käufl, H. U.; Rothermal, H.; Drapatz, S. |
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Title |
Investigation of the Martian atmosphere by 10 micron heterodyne spectroscopy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Astron. Astrophys. |
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A&A |
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136 |
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Pages |
319-325 |
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Keywords |
astronomical spectroscopy, atmospheric composition, infrared astronomy, mars atmosphere, spectral line width, carbon dioxide concentration, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, mars, atmosphere, spectroscopy, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, altitude, kinetics, rotation, thermal properties, temperature, emissions, intensity, models, data, spectra |
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no |
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449 |
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Author |
Rothermel, H.; Käufl, H. U.; Schrey, U.; Drapatz, S. |
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Title |
Thermal structure of the Martian mesosphere |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Astron. Astrophys. |
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A&A |
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196 |
Issue |
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Pages |
296-300 |
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Keywords |
atmospheric temperature, carbon dioxide, infrared spectroscopy, mars atmosphere, mesosphere, emission spectra, line spectra, spatial resolution, mars, atmosphere, mesosphere, structure, thermal properties, spectra, spectroscopy, earth-based observations, temperature, patterns, infrared, polar regions, wavelengths, equipment, procedure, carbon dioxide, emissions |
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Rothermel1988 |
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450 |
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Author |
Johnson, M. A.; Betz, A. L.; McLaren, R. A.; Townes, C. H.; Sutton, E. C. |
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Title |
Nonthermal 10 micron CO2 emission lines in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Astron. Astrophys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
A&A |
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Volume |
208 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145 |
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Keywords |
carbon dioxide, emission spectra, infrared spectra, mars atmosphere, nonthermal radiation, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, venus atmosphere, absorption spectra, energy transfer, line spectra, molecular absorption, molecular collisions, near infrared radiation, solar flux |
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ref1976ApJ...208L.145J |
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451 |
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Rothermel, H.; Käufl, H. U.; Yu, Y. |
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A heterodyne spectrometer for astronomical measurements at 10 micrometers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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A&A |
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126 |
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387-392 |
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astronomical spectroscopy, infrared astronomy, infrared spectrometers, optical heterodyning, infrared telescopes, laser spectrometers, mars (planet), venus (planet) |
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453 |
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Author |
Betz, A. L.; Johnson, M. A.; McLaren, R. A.; Sutton, E. C. |
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Title |
Heterodyne detection of CO2 emission lines and wind velocities in the atmosphere of Venus |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
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Astrophys. J. |
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208 |
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Pages |
L141-L144 |
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carbon dioxide, emission spectra, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, venus atmosphere, wind velocity, doppler effect, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, venus clouds |
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455 |
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Author |
Масленников, Сергей Николаевич |
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Смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева для терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов |
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Manuscript |
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2007 |
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М. МПГУ |
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HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion loss |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Russian |
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481 |
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Soifer, B. T.; Pipher, J. L. |
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Title |
Instrumentation for infrared astronomy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
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Annual Rev. Astron. Astrophys. |
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16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
335-369 |
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infrared applications |
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0066-4146 |
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492 |
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Thiébeau, C.; Courtois, D.; Delahaigue, A.; Corre, H.; Mouanda, J. C.; Fayt, A. |
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Dual-beam laser heterodyne spectrometer: Ethylene absorption spectrum in the 10 μm range |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Applied Physics B: Photophysics and Laser Chemistry |
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Appl. Phys. B |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
313-318 |
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infrared applications |
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0721-7269 |
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493 |
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Финкель, М. И. |
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Терагерцовые смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева в ультратонких плёнках NbN и NbTiN |
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2006 |
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М. МПГУ |
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HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion bandwidth, conversion loss |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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597 |
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