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| Author | Julia Toussaint, Roman Grüner, Marco Schubert, Torsten May, Hans-Georg Meyer, Benjamin Dietzek, Jürgen Popp, Matthias Hofherr, Matthias Arndt, Dagmar Henrich, Konstantin Il'in, and Michael Siegel | ||||
| Title | Superconducting single-photon counting system for optical experiments requiring time-resolution in the picosecond range | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | AIP REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS | |
| Volume | 83 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, picosecond, time-resolution | ||||
| Abstract | We have developed a cryogenic measurement system for single-photon counting, which can be used in optical experiments requiring high time resolution in the picosecond range. The system utilizes niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors which are integrated in a timecorrelated single-photon counting (TCSPC) setup. In this work, we describe details of the mechanical design, the electrical setup, and the cryogenic optical components. The performance of the complete system in TCSPC mode is tentatively benchmarked using 140 fs long laser pulses at a repetition frequency of 75MHz. Due to the high temporal stability of these pulses, the measured time resolution of 35 ps (FWHM) is limited by the timing jitter of the measurement system. The result was crosschecked in a Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) setup, where scattered pulses from a β-barium borate crystal have been detected with the same time resolution. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 885 | ||
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| Author | Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
| Title | Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 106 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 151101 (1 to 5) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents. W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's. The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1211 | |||
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| Author | Glejm, A. V.; Anisimov, A. A.; Asnis, L. N.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Egorov, V. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Kynev, S. M.; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Rupasov, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kozlov, S. A. | ||||
| Title | Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-175 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
| Abstract | An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1062-8738 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 940 | ||
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| Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Kahl, O.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
| Title | Absorption engineering of NbN nanowires deposited on silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 22683-22692 |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, NbN nanoeires, Si3N4 waveguides | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the absorption properties of U-shaped niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires atop nanophotonic circuits. Nanowires as narrow as 20nm are realized in direct contact with Si3N4 waveguides and their absorption properties are extracted through balanced measurements. We perform a full characterization of the absorption coefficient in dependence of length, width and separation of the fabricated nanowires, as well as for waveguides with different cross-section and etch depth. Our results show excellent agreement with finite-element analysis simulations for all considered parameters. The experimental data thus allows for optimizing absorption properties of emerging single-photon detectors co-integrated with telecom wavelength optical circuits. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:24104155 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1213 | |||
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| Author | Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
| Title | Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high internal quantum efficiency at telecom wavelengths | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Sci. Rep. | Abbreviated Journal | Sci. Rep. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | 10941 (1 to 11) | |
| Keywords | optical waveguides; waveguide integrated SSPD; waveguide SSPD; nanophotonics | ||||
| Abstract | Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, compatibility with an integrated optical platform is a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. Here we present efficiencies close to unity at 1550nm wavelength. This allows for the SNSPDs to be operated at bias currents far below the critical current where unwanted dark count events reach milli-Hz levels while on-chip detection efficiencies above 70% are maintained. The measured dark count rates correspond to noiseequivalent powers in the 10–19W/Hz–1/2 range and the timing jitter is as low as 35ps. Our detectors are fully scalable and interface directly with waveguide-based optical platforms. | ||||
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| Notes | PMID:26061283; PMCID:PMC4462017 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 946 | ||
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| Author | Schuck, C.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Minaeva, O.; Li, Mo; Gol'tsman, G.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. | ||||
| Title | Matrix of integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high timing resolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2201007-2201007 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, array, matrix | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate a large grid of individually addressable superconducting single photon detectors on a single chip. Each detector element is fully integrated into an independent waveguide circuit with custom functionality at telecom wavelengths. High device density is achieved by fabricating the nanowire detectors in traveling wave geometry directly on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our superconducting single photon detector matrix includes detector designs optimized for high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and high timing accuracy. As an example, we exploit the high timing resolution of a particularly short nanowire design to resolve individual photon round-trips in a cavity ring-down measurement of a silicon ring resonator. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1373 | |||
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| Author | Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
| Title | Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | INIS | Abbreviated Journal | INIS |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1-3 |
| Keywords | TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1374 | |||
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| Author | Gol’tsman, G.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Dzardanov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Semenov, A.; Voronov, B.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fabrication and properties of an ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 574-577 |
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | A new type of ultra-high-speed single-photon counter for visible and near-infrared wavebands based on an ultrathin NbN hot-electron photodetector (HEP) has been developed. The detector consists of a very narrow superconducting stripe, biased close to its critical current. An incoming photon absorbed by the stripe produces a resistive hotspot and causes an increase in the film’s supercurrent density above the critical value, leading to temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the device and an easily measurable voltage pulse. Our NbN HEP is an ultrafast (estimated response time is 30 ps; registered time, due to apparatus limitations, is 150 ps), frequency unselective device with very large intrinsic gain and negligible dark counts. We have observed sequences of output pulses, interpreted as single-photon events for very weak laser beams with wavelengths ranging from 0.5 /spl mu/m to 2.1 /spl mu/m and the signal-to-noise ratio of about 30 dB. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1558-2515 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1547 | |||
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| Author | Корнеева, Ю. П.; Флоря, И. Н.; Корнеев, А. А.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
| Title | Cверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор для дальнего ИК диапазона длин волн | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ | Abbreviated Journal | Науч. сессия НИЯУ МИФИ |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 46-47 | ||
| Keywords | SSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Мы представляем быстродействующий сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор (SSPD) для дальнего инфракрасного диапазона на основе ультратонкой монокристаллической пленки NbN толщиной 3 нм, состоящий из параллельных полосок. QE на длине волны 1,5.μм и 1,3 μм для предложенного SSPD практически одинаковы. SSPD показывает отклик длительностью 200 пс, что открывает путь к детекторам, обладающим скоростью счета свыше 1 ГГц. | ||||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-5-7262-1227-2 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | УДК 533.14(06)+004.056(06) Фотоника и информационная оптика | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1144 | |||
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| Author | Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smimov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Spectral sensitivity and temporal resolution of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 105-111 | ||
| Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We report our studies on spectral sensitivity and time resolution of superconducting NbN thin film single-photon detectors (SPDs). Our SPDs exhibit an everimentally measured detection efficiencies (DE) from — 0.2% at 2=1550 nm up to —3% at lambda=405 nm wavelength for 10-nm film thickness devices and up to 3.5% at lambda=1550 nm for 3.5-nm film thickness devices. Spectral dependences of detection efficiency (DE) at 2=0.4 —3.0 pm range are presented. With variable optical delay setup, it is shown that NbN SPD potentially can resolve optical pulses with the repetition rate up to 10 GHz at least. The observed full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the signal pulse is about 150-180 ps, limited by read-out electronics. The jitter of NbN SPD is measured to be —35 ps at optimum biasing. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1528 | |||
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| Author | Korneev, A. A.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Yu.; Pershin, Y. P.; Semenov, A. V.; Vodolazov, D. Yu.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Sivakov, A. G.; Devizenko, A. Yu.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Characterization of MoSi superconducting single-photon detectors in the magnetic field | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2200504 (1 to 4) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the response mechanism of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) made of amorphous MoxSi1-x. We study the dependence of photon count and dark count rates on bias current in magnetic fields up to 113 mT at 1.7 K temperature. The observed behavior of photon counts is similar to the one recently observed in NbN SSPDs. Our results show that the detecting mechanism of relatively high-energy photons does not involve the vortex penetration from the edges of the film, and on the contrary, the detecting mechanism of low-energy photons probably involves the vortex penetration from the film edges. | ||||
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| Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ KorneevIEEE2015 | Serial | 991 | ||
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| Author | Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Manova, N.; Larionov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Semenov, A.; Chulkova, G.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Recent nanowire superconducting single-photon detector optimization for practical applications | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2201204 (1 to 4) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper, we present our approaches to the development of fiber-coupled superconducting single photon detectors with enhanced photon absorption. For such devices we have measured detection efficiency in wavelength range from 500 to 2000 nm. The best fiber coupled devices exhibit detection efficiency of 44.5% at 1310 nm wavelength and 35.5% at 1550 nm at 10 dark counts per second. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ akorneev @ KorneevIEEE2013 | Serial | 996 | ||
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| Author | Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Divochiy, A.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Korneev, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol’tsman, G.; Lagoudakis, K.G.; Benkahoul, M.; Lévy, F.; Fiore, A. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting nanowire photon number resolving detector at telecom wavelength | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | Qmj1 (1 to 2) | ||
| Keywords | PNR SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Infrared; Low light level; Diode lasers; Photons; Scanning electron microscopy; Superconductors; Ti:sapphire lasers | ||||
| Abstract | We demonstrate a photon-number-resolving (PNR) detector, based on parallel superconducting nanowires, capable of resolving up to 5 photons in the telecommunication wavelength range, with sensitivity and speed far exceeding existing approaches. | ||||
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| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-1-55752-859-9 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Marsili:08 | Serial | 1243 | ||
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| Author | Gol’tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Seleznev, V.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K. | ||||
| Title | Middle-infrared ultrafast superconducting single photon detector | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE | Abbreviated Journal | 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 115-116 | ||
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present the results of the research on quantum efficiency of the ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) in the wavelength rage from 1 mum to 5.7 mum. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of ~1 % at 5.7 mum wavelength with the SSPD made from 4-nm-thick NbN film. In a pursuit of further performance improvement we endeavored SSPD fabricating from 4-nm-thick MoRe film as an alternative material. The MoRe film exhibited transition temperature of 7.7K, critical current density at 4.2 K temperature was 1.1times10 6 A/cm 2 , and diffusivity 1.73 cmVs. The single-photon response was observed with MoRe SSPD at 1.3 mum wavelength with quantum efficiency estimated to be 0.04%. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1246 | |||
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| Author | Elvira, D.; Michon, A.; Fain, B.; Patriarche, G.; Beaudoin, G.; Robert-Philip, I.; Vachtomin, Y.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sagnes, I.; Beveratos, A. | ||||
| Title | Time-resolved spectroscopy of InAsP/InP(001) quantum dots emitting near 2 μm | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 97 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 131907 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, InAsP/InP quantum dots | ||||
| Abstract | By using superconducting single photon detectors, we perform time-resolved characterization of a small ensemble of InAsP/InP quantum dots grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy, emitting at wavelengths between 1.6 and 2.2 μm. We demonstrate that alloying phosphorus with InAs allows to shift the emission wavelength toward higher wavelengths, while keeping the high optical quality of these quantum dots at room temperature, with no decrease in their radiative lifetime. This work was partially supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Education: Federal State Program “Scientific and Educational Cadres of Innovative” state Contract Nos. 02.740.0228, 14.740.11.0343, 14.740.11.0269, and P931, and RFBR Project No. 09-02-12364. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1238 | |||
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