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Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Middle-infrared to visible-light ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector |
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Conference Article |
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2006 |
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Proc. ASC |
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Seattle |
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RPLAB @ s @ SSPD_cavity_ASC |
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389 |
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Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Shishkov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Drakinski, V.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN HEB mixer noise temperature measurements with hot/cold load mounted inside the helium cryostat at 300 GHz |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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Proc. Int. Student Seminar on Microwave Appl. of Novel Physical Phenomena supported by IEEE |
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LETI |
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St.-Petersburg |
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Ozhegov, R.; Morozov, D.; Maslennikov, S.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Submillimeter wave range imaging system for registering human body radiation and finding out the things covered under clothes |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. 3rd Int. exhibition and conf. Non-Destructive Testing Equipment and Devices |
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Ожегов, Р. В.; Морозов, Д. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Смирнов, К. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Тепловизор субмиллиметрового диапазона волн для регистрации теплового излучения тела человека и обнаружения скрытых под одеждой предметов |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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3-я Международная выставка и конференция Неразрушающий контроль и техническая диагностика в промышленности |
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Москва |
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russian |
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Duplicated as 345 |
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346 |
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Ozhegov, R.; Maslennikov, S.; Morozov, D.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Imaging system for submillimeter wave range |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) |
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Moscow |
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RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004 |
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347 |
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Ожегов, Р. В.; Масленников, С. Н.; Морозов, Д. В.; Окунев, О. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Тепловизор субмиллиметрового диапазона длин волн |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Десятая всероссийская научная конференция студентов-физиков и молодых ученых (ВНКСФ-10) |
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Москва |
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russian |
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Duplicated as 347 |
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RPLAB @ s @ thzimaging_vnksf10_2004_rus |
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348 |
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Author |
Maslennikov, S.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Antipov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN HEB mixers for frequencies of 2.5 and 3.8 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Tenth All-Russian sceintific conference of student-physicists and young sceintists (VNKSF-10) |
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Moscow |
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RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004 |
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349 |
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Author |
Масленников, С. Н.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Антипов, С. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Каурова, Н. С.; Гришина, Е. В.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Смесители на основе электронного разогрева в тонких пленках NbN для частот 2.5 и 3.8 ТГц |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Десятая всероссийская научная конференция студентов-физиков и молодых ученых (ВНКСФ-10) |
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Москва |
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russian |
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Duplicated as 349 |
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RPLAB @ s @ qoheb_vnksf10_2004_rus |
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350 |
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Author |
Гольцман, Г.Н.; Лудков, Д.Н. |
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Title |
Сверхпроводниковые смесители на горячих электронах терагерцового диапазона и их применение в радиоастрономии |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Изв. высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
8/9 |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixers |
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russian |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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473 |
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Author |
Корнеев, Александр Александрович |
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Title |
Квантовая эффективность и темновой счет NbN сверхпроводникового инфракрасного однофотонного детектора |
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Manuscript |
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2006 |
Publication |
М. МПГУ |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Russian |
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no |
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480 |
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Author |
Масленников, Сергей Николаевич |
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Title |
Смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева для терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов |
Type |
Manuscript |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
М. МПГУ |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion loss |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Russian |
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no |
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481 |
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Tretyakov, I. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Finkel, M. I.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G.N. |
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Title |
NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, noise temperature, conversion gain bandwidth |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer. |
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Moscow-Zvenigorod |
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591 |
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Author |
Финкель, М. И. |
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Title |
Терагерцовые смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева в ультратонких плёнках NbN и NbTiN |
Type |
Manuscript |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
М. МПГУ |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
HEB, detector, mixer, terahertz, THz, infrared, IR, direct detection effect, conversion bandwidth, conversion loss |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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597 |
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Author |
Морозов, Дмитрий Владимирович |
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Title |
Приемные устройства терагерцового диапазона на эффекте разогрева двумерного электронного газа в гетероструктурах AlGaAs/GaAs |
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2007 |
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М. МПГУ |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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626 |
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Author |
Beck, M.; Klammer, M.; Lang, S.; Leiderer, P.; Kabanov, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Demsar, J. |
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Title |
Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
NbN thin film, energy gap dynamics |
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Abstract |
Using time-domain Terahertz spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the superconducting gap in a conventional BCS superconductor NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the bare quasiparticle recombination rate, the Cooper pair-breaking rate and the electron-phonon coupling constant, \lambda = 1.1 +/- 0.1, which is in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates. |
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Duplicated as 641 |
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1388 |
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Author |
Ptitsina N. G.; Chulkova G. M.; Il'in K. S.; Sergeev A. V.; Pochinkov F. S.; Gershenzon E. M. |
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Title |
Superconductivity has been found in a number of new compounds between the non-superconducting transition elements and nonmetals such as Si, Ge, and Te. These findings have suggested possible criteria for superconductivity in both elements and compounds. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
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The temperature dependence of the resistance of films of Al, Be, and NbC with small values of the electron mean free path L=1.5– 10 nm has been measured at 4.2–300 K. The resistance of all the films contains a T^2 contribution that is proportional to the residual resistance; this contribution has been attributed to the interference between the elastic electron scattering and the electron-phonon scattering. Fitting the data to the theory of the electron-phonon-impurity interference „M. Yu. Reiser and A. V. Sergeev, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 92, 224 ~1987! @Sov. Phys. JETP 65, 1291 ~1987!#…, we obtain constants of nteraction of the electrons with transverse phonons, and estimate the contribution of this interaction to the electron dephasing rate in thin films of Au, Al, Be, Nb, and NbC. Our estimates are in a good agreement with the experimental data on the inelastic electronphonon scattering in these films. This indicates that the interaction of electrons with transverse phonons controls the electron-phonon relaxation rate in thin-metal films over a broad temperature range. |
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Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Superconducting single-photon nanostructured detectors for advanced optical applications |
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2006 |
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Proc. Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program |
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400 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin-film nanostructures and operated at liquid helium temperatures. The SSPDs are made of ultrathin NbN films (2.5-4 nm thick, Tc= 9-11K) as meander-shaped nanowires covering the area of 10× 10 µm2. Our detectors are operated at the temperature well below the critical temperature Tc and are DC biased by a current Ib close to the meander critical current Ic. The operation principle of the detector is based on the use of the resistive region in a narrow ultra-thin superconducting stripe upon the absorption of an incident photon. The developed devices demonstrate high sensitivity and response speed in a broadband range from UV to mid-IR (up to 6 µm), making them very attractive for advanced optical technologies, which require efficient detectors of single quanta and low-density optical radiation. |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ chulkova2006superconducting |
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1021 |
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Смирнов, Константин Владимирович; Вахтомин, Юрий Борисович; Смирнов, Андрей Владимирович; Ожегов, Роман Викторович; Пентин, Иван Викторович; Дивочий, Александр Валерьевич; Сливинская, Елизавета Вячеславовна; Гольцман, Григорий Наумович |
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Приемники терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов, основанные на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах |
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2010 |
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Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика |
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Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика |
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5 |
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4 |
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HEB, SSPD, SNSPD |
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В работе представлены результаты разработки и создания чувствительных и ультрабыстрых приемников, основанных на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах: болометрах на эффекте электронного разогрева (HEB – hot-electron bolometer) и детекторах одиночных фотонов видимого и инфракрасного диапазонов волн (SSPD – superconducting singe-photon detector). Представлены основные принципы работы сверхпроводниковых устройств, технология создания и конструкционные особенности приемников, их основные типы и характеристики. Достигнутые рекордные значения параметров приемных систем позволяют использовать созданные приборы при решении различных научно-исследовательских задач в ближнем, среднем и дальнем ИК диапазонах волн.
This work presents the results of the development and fabrication of sensitive and ultrafast detectorsbased on thin film superconducting nanostructures: hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) and visible and infrared superconducting singe photon detectors (SSPDs). The main operational principles of the superconducting devices are presentedas well as the technology of fabrication of the detectors and their main types and parameters. The achieved record parameters of the detectors allow application of the fabricated devices to solution of various research problems in the near, middle and far IR ranges. |
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Новосибирский государственный университет |
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Russian |
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Физика |
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1818-7994 |
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УДК 538.9 |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ смирнов2010приемники |
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1033 |
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Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Fiore, Andrea; Gaggero, Alessandro; Mattioli, Francesco; Leoni, Roberto; Divochiy, Aleksander; Gol'tsman, Gregory |
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Photon-number-resolution at telecom wavelength with superconducting nanowires |
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Miscellaneous |
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2010 |
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IntechOpen |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ marsiliphoton |
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1036 |
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Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film |
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2013 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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5 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres. |
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8 pages |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir |
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1043 |
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Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors capable of photon number resolving |
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2008 |
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Supercond. News Forum |
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Supercond. News Forum |
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PNR SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our latest generation of ultra-fast superconducting NbN single-photon detectors (SSPD) capable of photon-number resolving (PNR). The novel SSPDs combine 10 μm x 10 μm active area with low kinetic inductance and PNR capability. That resulted in significantly reduced photoresponse pulse duration, allowing for GHz counting rates. The detector’s response magnitude is directly proportional to the number of incident photons, which makes this feature easy to use. We present experimental data on the performance of the PNR SSPDs. These detectors are perfectly suited for fibreless free-space telecommunications, as well as for ultra-fast quantum cryptography and quantum computing. |
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Reference No. ST34, paper # 012307, eventually not pulished (skipped) at https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/0953-2048/21/1 |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevsuperconducting |
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Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Zhong, J. Q.; Shi, S. C.; Hayton, D. J.; Vercruyssen, N.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Temperature dependence of superconducting hot electron bolometers |
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2013 |
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Not published results: 24th international symposium on space terahertz technology |
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HEB |
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Groningen,The Netherlands |
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Semenov, A. V.; Devyatov, I. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Maslennikova, A. S.; Larionov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Chulkova, G. M. |
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Absorption of terahertz electromagnetic radiation in dirty superconducting film at arbitrary type of the spectral functions |
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2011 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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10 |
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terahertz electromagnetic radiation; superconductors; detectors of terahertz range |
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A problem of absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic field in dirty superconductor is treated within Keldysh technic. Expression for the source term in the kinetic equation for quasiparticle distribution function is derived. The result is significant for deriving a consistent microscopic theory of superconducting detectors for terahertz frequency range, perspective detectors on kinetic inductance of current-biased superconducting strip and on Josephson inductance of tunnel. |
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7 pages |
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Лесс, Ю. А.; Кирсанов, Ю. А. |
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Былое и думы. Посвящение эпохе Н. Н. Малова, Е. М. Гершензона, В. С. Эткина |
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2015 |
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ПРФЛ |
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физфак МПГУ, физфак МГПИ, ПРФЛ |
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1132 |
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Семенов, Александр Владимирович |
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Проскальзывание фазы, поглощение электромагнитного излучения и формирование отклика в детекторах на основе узких полосок сверхпроводников |
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2010 |
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М. МПГУ |
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SSPD, SNSPD, response |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Baeva, E. M.; Titova, N. A.; Veyrat, L.; Sacépé, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Khrapai, V. S. |
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Thermal relaxation in metal films bottlenecked by diffuson lattice excitations of amorphous substrates |
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2021 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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metal films, NbN, InOx, Au/Ni, thermal relaxation |
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Here we examine the role of the amorphous insulating substrate in the thermal relaxation in thin NbN, InOx, and Au/Ni films at temperatures above 5 K. The studied samples are made up of metal bridges on an amorphous insulating layer lying on or suspended above a crystalline substrate. Noise thermometry was used to measure the electron temperature Te of the films as a function of Joule power per unit of area P2D. In all samples, we observe the dependence P2D∝Tne with the exponent n≃2, which is inconsistent with both electron-phonon coupling and Kapitza thermal resistance. In suspended samples, the functional dependence of P2D(Te) on the length of the amorphous insulating layer is consistent with the linear T-dependence of the thermal conductivity, which is related to lattice excitations (diffusons) for the phonon mean free path smaller than the dominant phonon wavelength. Our findings are important for understanding the operation of devices embedded in amorphous dielectrics. |
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Pyatkov, Felix; Khasminskaya, Svetlana; Fütterling, Valentin; Fechner, Randy; Słowik, Karolina; Ferrari, Simone; Kahl1, Oliver; Kovalyuk, Vadim; Rath, Patrik; Vetter, Andreas; Flavel, Benjamin S.; Hennrich, Frank; Kappes, Manfred M.; Gol’tsman, Gregory N.; Korneev, Alexander; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Krupke, Ralph; Pernice, Wolfram H. P. |
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Carbon nanotubes as exceptional electrically driven on-chip light sources |
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Miscellaneous |
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2016 |
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2Physics |
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2Physics |
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carbon nanotubes, CNT |
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) belong to the most exciting objects of the nanoworld. Typically, around 1 nm in diameter and several microns long, these cylindrically shaped carbon-based structures exhibit a number of exceptional mechanical, electrical and optical characteristics [1]. In particular, they are promising ultra-small light sources for the next generation of optoelectronic devices, where electrical components are interconnected with photonic circuits.
Few years ago, we demonstrated that electically driven CNTs can serve as waveguide-integrated light sources [2]. Progress in the field of nanotube sorting, dielectrophoretical site-selective deposition and efficient light coupling into underlying substrate has made CNTs suitable for wafer-scale fabrication of active hybrid nanophotonic devices [2,3].
Recently we presented a nanotube-based waveguide integrated light emitters with tailored, exceptionally narrow emission-linewidths and short response times [4]. This allows conversion of electrical signals into well-defined optical signals directly within an optical waveguide, as required for future on-chip optical communication. Schematics and realization of this device is shown in Figure 1. The devices were manufactured by etching a photonic crystal waveguide into a dielectric layer following electron beam lithography. Photonic crystals are nanostructures that are also used by butterflies to give the impression of color on their wings. The same principle has been used in this study to select the color of light emitted by the CNT. The precise dimensions of the structure were numerically simulated to tailor the properties of the final device. Metallic contacts in the vicinity to the waveguide were fabricated to provide electrical access to CNT emitters. Finally, CNTs, sorted by structural and electronic properties, were deposited from a solution across the waveguide using dielectrophoresis, which is an electric-field-assisted deposition technique. |
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Zolotov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Korneeva, Yu.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Seleznev, V.; Smirnov, K. |
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Capability investigation of superconducting single-photon detectors, optimized for 800–1200 nm spectrum range |
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Miscellaneous |
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2015 |
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3th ICQT |
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3th ICQT |
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Hotel Ukraina (Radisson), Moscow |
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Zolotov, P.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Divochiy, A.; Seleznev, V.; Morozov, P.; Smirnov, K. |
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High-efficiency single-photon detectors based on NbN films |
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2013 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our resent results in development and testing of Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) with detection efficiencies greater than 85%. High values of obtained results are assigned to proposed design of the detector with integrated resonator structure, including two-layer optical cavity and anti-reflective coating (ARC). |
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1254 |
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Iomdina, E. N.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Jani, E. V.; Pozdniakova, V. V.; Polyakova, O. N.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Terahertz scanning of the rabbit cornea with experimental UVB-induced damage: in vivo assessment of hydration and its verification |
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2021 |
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J. Biomed. Opt. |
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J. Biomed. Opt. |
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26 |
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4 |
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medicine; scheimpflug imaging; UVB; confocal microscopy; cornea; optical coherent tomography; rabbit eyes; terahertz radiation |
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SIGNIFICANCE: Water content plays a vital role in the normally functioning visual system; even a minor disruption in the water balance may be harmful. Today, no direct method exists for corneal hydration assessment, while it could be instrumental in early diagnosis and control of a variety of eye diseases. The use of terahertz (THz) radiation, which is highly sensitive to water content, appears to be very promising. AIM: To find out how THz scanning parameters of corneal tissue measured by an experimental setup, specially developed for in vivo contactless estimations of corneal reflectivity coefficient (RC), are related to pathological changes in the cornea caused by B-band ultraviolet (UVB) exposure. APPROACH: The setup was tested on rabbit eyes in vivo. Prior to the course of UVB irradiation and 1, 5, and 30 days after it, a series of examinations of the corneal state was made. At the same time points, corneal hydration was assessed by measuring RC. RESULTS: The obtained data confirmed the negative impact of UVB irradiation course on the intensity of tear production and on the corneal thickness and optical parameters. A significant (1.8 times) increase in RC on the 5th day after the irradiation course, followed by a slight decrease on the 30th day after it was revealed. The RC increase measured 5 days after the UVB irradiation course generally corresponded to the increase (by a factor of 1.3) of tear production. RC increase occurred with the corneal edema, which was manifested by corneal thickening (by 18.2% in the middle area and 17.6% in corneal periphery) and an increased volume of corneal tissue (by 17.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used for in vivo contactless estimation of the reflectivity of rabbit cornea in the THz range and, thereby, of cornea hydration. |
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National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathema, Russia |
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English |
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1083-3668 |
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PMID:33834684; PMCID:PMC8027227 |
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1258 |
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Baksheeva, K.; Ozhegov, R.; Goltsman, G.; Kinev, N.; Koshelets, V.; Kochnev, A.; Betzalel, N.; Puzenko, A.; Ben Ishai, P.; Feldman, Y. |
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The sub THz emission of the human body under physiological stress |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
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IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
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skin sub-THz emission, medicine |
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We present evidence that in the sub-THz frequency band, human skin can be considered as an electromagnetic bio-metamaterial, in that its natural emission is a product of skin tissue geometry and embedded structures. Radiometry was performed on 32 human subjects from 480 to 700 GHz. Concurrently, the subjects were exposed to stress, while heart pulse rate (PS) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were also measured. The results are substantially different from the expected black body radiation signal of the skin surface. PS and GSR correlate to the emissivity. Using a simulation model for the skin, we find that the sweat duct is a critical element. The simulated frequency spectra qualitatively match the measured emission spectra and show that our sub-THz emission is modulated by our level of mental stress. This opens avenues for the remote monitoring of the human state. |
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9380570 |
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1259 |
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Tretyakov, I.; Svyatodukh, S.; Chumakova, A.; Perepelitsa, A.; Kaurova, N.; Shurakov, A.; Zilberley, T.; Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, M.; Ovchinnikov, O.; Goltsman, G. |
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Room temperature silicon detector for IR range coated with Ag2S quantum dots |
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2019 |
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IRMMW-THz |
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Ag2S quantum dots |
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A silicon has been the chief technological semiconducting material of modern microelectronics and has had a strong influence on all aspects of society. Applications of Si-based optoelectronic devices are limited to the visible and near infrared ranges. The expansion of the Si absorption to shorter wavelengths of the infrared range is of considerable interest to optoelectronic applications. By creating impurity states in Si it is possible to cause sub-band gap photon absorption. Here, we present an elegant and effective technology of extending the photoresponse of towards the IR range. Our approach is based on the use of Ag 2 S quantum dots (QDs) planted on the surface of Si. The specific sensitivity of the Ag 2 S/Si heterostructure is 10 11 cm√HzW -1 at 1.55μm. Our findings open a path towards the future study and development of Si detectors for technological applications. |
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2162-2035 |
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978-1-5386-8285-2 |
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8874267 |
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1286 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Optical single photon detection in micron-scaled NbN bridges |
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2018 |
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arXiv |
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SSPD |
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We demonstrate experimentally that single photon detection can be achieved in micron-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 μm to 5.15 μm and for photon-wavelengths from 408 nm to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50 % of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on nanometer scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modelling based on the theory of non-equilibrium superconductivity including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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Duplicated as 1303 |
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1312 |
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Iomdina, E. N.; Seliverstov, S.; Sianosyan, A.; Teplyakova, K.; Rusova, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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The prospects of using the radiation for the assessment of corneal and scleral hydration |
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2016 |
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Acta Ophthalmol. |
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Acta Ophthalmol. |
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94 |
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BWO, avalanche transit‐time diode, medicine, biology |
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Purpose
An adequate water balance (hydration extent) is one of the basic factors of normal eye function, including its external shells – the cornea and the sclera. THz systems creating images in reflected beams are likely to become ideal instruments of noninvasive testing of corneal and scleral hydration degree as THz radiation is highly sensitive to water content. The paper aims at studying the transmittance and reflectance spectra of the cornea and the sclera of rabbit and human eyes, as well as those of the whole rabbit eye, in the frequency range of 0.13–0.32 THz.
Methods
The experiments were carried out on 3 corneas and 3 rabbit scleras, 2 whole rabbit eyes, and 3 human healthy adult scleras using a specially developed THz system based on reliable and easy‐to‐use continuous wave sources: a backward‐wave oscillator and an avalanche transit‐time diode.
Results
The transmittance spectra of the cornea and the sclera and the dependence of the reflection coefficient of these tissues in THz range on water percentage content were determined. Comparison of the rabbit cornea hydrated from 73.2% to 76.3% concentration by mass demonstrated an approximately linear relationship between THz reflectivity and water concentration. The decrease of free water concentration by 1% leads to a drop of the reflectance coefficient by 13%. The parameters studied displayed noticeable differences between the sclera and the cornea of rabbits and between rabbit sclera and human sclera.
Conclusions
Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed technique, based on continuous THz radiation, may be used to create a device for noninvasive testing of corneal and scleral hydration, which has good potential of wide‐scale practical application.
The work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (grant No.15‐29‐03843) |
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1755375X |
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1333 |
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Arutyunov, K. Y.; Ramos-Álvarez, A.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; An, P. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Murphy, A.; Bezryadin, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Quasi-1-dimensional superconductivity in highly disordered NbN nanowires |
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2016 |
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arXiv |
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narrow NbN nanowires, BCS |
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The topic of superconductivity in strongly disordered materials has attracted a significant attention. In particular vivid debates are related to the subject of intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity responsible for non-BCS relation between the superconducting gap and the pairing potential. Here we report experimental study of electron transport properties of narrow NbN nanowires with effective cross sections of the order of the debated inhomogeneity scales. We find that conventional models based on phase slip concept provide reasonable fits for the shape of the R(T) transition curve. Temperature dependence of the critical current follows the text-book Ginzburg-Landau prediction for quasi-one-dimensional superconducting channel Ic~(1-T/Tc)^3/2. Hence, one may conclude that the intrinsic electronic inhomogeneity either does not exist in our structures, or, if exist, does not affect their resistive state properties. |
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Duplicated as 1332 |
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1338 |
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Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Korneeva, Y.; Mikhailov, M.; Devizenko, A.; Kozorezov, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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Electron-phonon relaxation time in ultrathin tungsten silicon film |
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2018 |
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arXiv |
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WSi film |
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Using amplitude-modulated absorption of sub-THz radiation (AMAR) method, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in thin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found a response time ~ 800 ps at critical temperature Tc = 3.4 K, which scales as minus 3 in the temperature range from 1.8 to 3.4 K. We discuss mechanisms, which can result in a strong phonon bottle-neck effect in a few nanometers thick film and yield a substantial difference between the measured time, characterizing response at modulation frequency, and the inelastic electron-phonon relaxation time. We estimate the electron-phonon relaxation time to be in the range ~ 100-200 ps at 3.4 K. |
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Duplicated as 1341 |
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1340 |
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Sidorova, M. V.; Kozorezov, A. G.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Chulkova, G. M.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Non-bolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultra-thin WSi film |
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2018 |
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arXiv |
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WSi films, diffusion constant, SSPD, SNSPD |
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We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in tau{e-ph} = 140-190 ps at TC = 3.4 K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques. |
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Duplicated as 1305 |
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1341 |
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Murphy, A.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Gol’tsman, G.; Bezryadin, A. |
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Dark counts initiated by macroscopic quantum tunneling in NbN superconducting photon detectors |
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2014 |
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arXiv |
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NbN SSPD |
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We perform measurements of the switching current distributions of three w = 120 nm wide, 4 nm thick NbN superconducting strips which are used for single-photon detectors. These strips are much wider than the diameter the vortex cores, so they are classified as quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D). We discover evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling by observing the saturation of the standard deviation of the switching distributions at temperatures around 2 K. We analyze our results using the Kurkijarvi-Garg model and find that the escape temperature also saturates at low temperatures, confirming that at sufficiently low temperatures, macroscopic quantum tunneling is possible in quasi-2D strips and can contribute to dark counts observed in single photon detectors. |
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murphy2014dark |
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Смирнов, Константин Владимирович |
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Создание приборов на сверхпроводниковых счетчиках фотонов и методов диагностики КМОП микросхем, гетероструктур и лазеров на квантовых точках |
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2009 |
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Этап №1 (дата окончания: 30.09.2009)
Разработана методика изготовления сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов (SSPD) с монокристаллической структурой пленки сверхмалой толщины. Изготовлены экспериментальные образцы сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов (SSPD). Разработана методика пакетирования сверхпроводникового однофотонного детектора в оптический узел с одномодовым оптоволокном. Изготовлены экспериментальные образцы приемных модулей на основе однофотонных сверхпроводниковых детекторов из NbN-нанопленок.
Этап №2 (дата окончания: 28.10.2009)
Разработаны методы диагностики КМОП микросхем, гетероструктур и лазеров на квантовых точках и методика измерения мощности излучения полупроводниковых лазеров на квантовых точках с использованием сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов (SSPD). Проведена технико-экономическая оценка рыночного потенциала полученных результатов. |
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Министерство образования и науки РФ |
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Отчет о НИР/НИОКР; Министерство образования и науки РФ; Номер гранта (контракта): 02.513.11.3446; Дата гранта (контракта): 03.06.2009 |
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1828 |
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Author |
Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer, direct detector and single-photon counter: from devices to systems |
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Report |
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2009 |
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2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX |
Abbreviated Journal |
2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX |
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HEB, SSPD, SNSPD |
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Avignon, France |
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Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System |
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1398 |
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Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Sergienko, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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High speed infrared photon counting with photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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CLEO/Europe – EQEC |
Abbreviated Journal |
CLEO/Europe – EQEC |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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A review of development and characterization of the nanostructures consisting of several meander sections, all connected in parallel was presented. Such geometry leads to a significant decrease of the kinetic inductance, without a decrease of the SSPD active area. A new type of SSPDs possess the QE of large-active- area devices, but, simultaneously, allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate. This new generation of superconducting detectors has another significant advantage for quantum key distribution, they have a photon number resolving capability and can distinguish more photons. |
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1399 |
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Il'in, K.; Siegel, M.; Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Hollmann, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Title |
Thickness dependence of superconducting properties of ultrathin Nb and NbN films |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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AKF-Frühjahrstagung |
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Nb, NbN films, has potential plagiarism |
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Berlin-Adlershof |
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1503 |
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Author |
Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Phonon cooled far-infrared hot electron bolometer mixer |
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2002 |
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NASA/ADS |
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NASA/ADS |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum-limited sensitivity. At frequencies above 1.4 THz superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) can be used to achieve this goal. We present results of the development of a quasi-optical phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA. Different mixers with logarithmic spiral and double slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern at several frequencies between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 16 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. This performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for FIR heterodyne receivers. |
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Monterey, CA |
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Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop, 1-3 April 2002 |
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id.37 |
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1534 |
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Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Ultrafast NBN hot-electron single-photon detectors for electronic applications |
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2002 |
Publication |
Abstracts 8-th IUMRS-ICEM |
Abbreviated Journal |
Abstracts 8-th IUMRS-ICEM |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present a new, simple to manufacture, single-photon detector (SPD), which can work from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths of optical radiation and combines high speed of operation, high quantum efficiency (QE), and very low dark counts. The devices are superconducting and operate at temperature below 5 K. The physics of operation of our SPD is based on formation of a photon-induced resistive hotspot and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconductor. |
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8th IUMRS International Conference on Electronic Materials |
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1532 |
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Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Engel, Andreas; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. |
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Background limited superconducting quantum detector for astronomy |
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2002 |
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NASA/ADS |
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NASA/ADS |
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SQD |
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We present the concept of the superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. Response to a single absorbed photon appears due to successive formation of a normal spot and phase-slip-centers in a narrow strip carrying sub-critical supercurrent. The detector simultaneously has a moderate energy resolution and a variable cut-off wavelength depending on both the material used and operation conditions. We simulated performance of the background-limited direct detector having the 100- micrometer cut-off wavelength. Low dark count rate will allow to realize 10-21 W Hz-1/2 noise equivalent power at 4 K background radiation. The intrinsic recovery time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons, thus, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the detector. Provided an appropriate readout technique, the resolution should be better than 1/20 at 50- micrometer wavelength. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of the detector into an array. |
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Monterey, CA |
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Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop, held 1-3 April 2002 |
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id.62 |
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1535 |
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Matyushkin, Yakov; Fedorov, Georgy; Moskotin, Maksim; Danilov, Sergey; Ganichev, Sergey; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Gate-mediated helicity sensitive detectors of terahertz radiation with graphene-based field effect transistors |
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2020 |
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Graphene and 2dm Virt. Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Graphene and 2DM Virt. Conf. |
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single layer graphene, SLG, CVD, plasmons, FET |
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Closing of the so-called terahertz gap results in an increased demand for optoelectronic devices operating in the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 THz. Active plasmonic in field effect devices based on high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) opens up opportunities for creation of on-chip spectrum [1] and polarization [2] analysers. Here we show that single layer graphene (SLG) grown using CVD method can be used for an all-electric helicity sensitive polarization broad analyser of THz radiation. Allourresults show plasmonic nature of response. Devices are made in a configuration ofa field-effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel that has a length of 2 mkm and a width of 5.5 mkm. Response of opposite polarity to clockwise and anticlockwise polarized radiation is due to special antenna design (see Fig.1c) as follow works [2,3]. Our approaches can be extrapolated to other 2D materials and used as a tool to characterize plasmonic excitations in them. [1]Bandurin, D. A., etal.,Nature Communications, 9(1),(2018),1-8.[2]Drexler, C.,etal.,Journal of Applied Physics, 111(12),(2012),124504.[3]Gorbenko, I. V.,et al.,physica status solidi (RRL)–Rapid Research Letters, 13(3),(2019),1800464. |
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Grenoble, France |
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Graphene and 2dm Virtual Conference & Expo |
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1743 |
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Pentin, Ivan; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikov, Sergey; Vakhtomin, Yuri; Smirnov, Konstantin; Kaurova, Nataliya; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixers for the mid-IR |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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10 |
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IR NbN HEB mixers |
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The work presents the result of development of the NbN superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer. The sensitive element of the mixer is directly coupled to mid-IR radiation, and doesn’t have planar metallic antenna. Investigations of noise characteristics of NbN HEB mixer were performed at the frequency 28.4 THz (λ = 10.6 µm) by using gas-discharge CW CO2-laser without consideration of optical and electrical losses in the heterodyne receiver. The noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer with the size of the sensitive element 10 µm × 10 µm was 2320 K (~ 1.5hν/kB) at the heterodyne frequency of 28.4 THz. The noise temperature was determined by measuring the Y-factor taking into account the term which describes fluctuations of zero-point oscillations in accordance with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of Calle-Welton. Isothermal method was used to estimate the absorbed heterodyne radiation power which was 9 µW at the optimal operating point for the minimum noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer. |
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Russian |
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1684-1719 |
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http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/oct17/9/abstract.html (Russian) Гетеродинный приемник со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на эффекте электронного разогрева для среднего инфракрасного диапазона |
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1747 |
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Averkin, A. S.; Shishkin, A. G.; Chichkov, V. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Karpov, A.; Ustinov, A. V. |
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Tunable frequency-selective surface based on superconducting split-ring resonators |
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2014 |
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8th Metamaterials |
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8th Metamaterials |
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superconducting split-ring resonators |
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We study a possibility to use the 2D superconducting metamaterial as a tunable frequency-selective surface (FSS). The proposed FSS is made of sub-wavelength size (l/14) metamaterial unit cells, where a split-ring resonator is embedded in a small iris aperture in a metal plane. The split-ring resonator is made of NbN film, and its resonance frequency is tuned by the temperature of the sample, changing the kinetic inductance of NbN film. The Ansoft HFSS simulation predicts the FSS tuning range of about 10-20 %. The developed superconducting FSS may be used as a tunable band-pass filter or modulator. |
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Copenhagen, Denmark |
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8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics – Metamaterials |
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1749 |
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Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, Roman; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Ultimate sensitivity of superconducting single-photon detectors in the visible to infrared range |
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2004 |
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ResearchGate |
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ResearchGate |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our quantum efficiency (QE) and noise equivalent power (NEP) measurements of the meandertype ultrathin NbN superconducting single-photon detector in the visible to infrared radiation range. The nanostructured devices with 3.5-nm film thickness demonstrate QE up to~ 10% at 1.3–1.55 µm wavelength, and up to 20% in the entire visible range. The detectors are sensitive to infrared radiation with the wavelengths down to~ 10 µm. NEP of about 2× 10-18 W/Hz1/2 was obtained at 1.3 µm wavelength. Such high sensitivity together with GHz-range counting speed, make NbN photon counters very promising for efficient, ultrafast quantum communications and another applications. We discuss the origin of dark counts in our devices and their ultimate sensitivity in terms of the resistive fluctuations in our superconducting nanostructured devices. |
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Not attributed to any publisher! File name: PR9VervekinSfin_f.doc; Author: JAOLEARY; Last modification date: 2004-02-26 |
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1751 |
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Goltsman, Gregory N. |
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Development and applications of terahertz hot electron bolometers |
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2021 |
Publication |
1st Moscow Int. Conf. on Submillimeter and Millimeter Astronomy: Objectives and Instruments |
Abbreviated Journal |
1st Moscow Int. Conf. on Submillimeter and Millimeter Astronomy: Objectives and Instruments |
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The development of techniques and technologies for the deposition of ultrathin superconducting films, the creation of superconducting structures on a nanometer scale is the basis of significant progress in the field of superconducting receiving systems. Ultrathin NbN films are the basis for a wide range of record-breaking hot electron devices: direct and heterodyne terahertz detectors. Terahertz receivers are especially in demand in high-resolution spectroscopy for astronomical, atmospheric, and medical research. HEB receivers are widely used in terahertz radio astronomy. For example, the Dutch SRON Institute is preparing a project for the GUSTO hot air balloon telescope with a HEB mixer array at 1.4 THz and 1.9 THz. A 5-meter Chinese terahertz telescope DATE5 with HEB mixers at 1.4 THz is installed at the South Pole. The Stratospheric Observatory (SOFIA) uses HEB mixer matrices in the GREAT instrument operating in the 1.2 – 4.7 THz range. It is planned to implement the international project Origins Space Telescope (OST) in the far infrared region based on HEB receivers. The Japanese project Smiles-2 will allow measurements at 1.8 THz in the upper layers of the stratosphere and mesosphere. The development of the Millimetron space observatory continues in Russia. |
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First Moscow International Conference on Submillimeter and Millimeter Astronomy: Objectives and Instruments, Astro Space Center, Moscow, 12-16 April 2021, id. 2 |
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Downloaded from https://millimetron.ru/conference_2021/Goltsman.pdf; Author: Sergey; Last modification: 2021-04-14 |
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1771 |
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Korneev, A. A. |
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Superconducting NbN microstrip single-photon detectors |
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2021 |
Publication |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
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11771 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) invented two decades ago have evolved to a mature technology and have become devices of choice in the advanced applications of quantum optics, such as quantum cryptography and optical quantum computing. In these applications SSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers and feature almost unity detection efficiency, negligible dark counts, picosecond timing jitter and MHz photon count rate. Meanwhile, there are great many applications requiring coupling to multi-mode fibers or free space. ‘Classical’ SSPDs with 100-nm-wide superconducting strip and covering area of about 100 µm2 are not suitable for further scaling due to degradation of performance and low fabrication yield. Recently we have demonstrated single-photon counting in micron-wide superconducting bridges and strips. Here we present our approach to the realization of practical photon-counting detectors of large enough area to be efficiently coupled to multi-mode fibers or free space. The detector is either a meander or a spiral of 1-µm-wide strip covering an area of 50x50 µm2. Being operated at 1.7K temperature it demonstrates the saturated detection efficiency (i.e. limited by the absorption in the detector) up to 1550 nm wavelength, about 10 ns dead time and timing jitter in range 50-100 ps. |
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SPIE |
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Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. |
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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting; SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, 2021, Online Only |
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1784 |
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Корнеев, А. А.; Окунев, О. В.; Чулкова, Г. М.; Смирнов, К. В.; Милостная, И. И.; Минаева, О. В.; Корнеева, Ю. П.; Каурова, Н. С.; Воронов, Б. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Спонтанные и фотоиндуцированные резистивные состояния в узких сверхпроводящих NbN полосках |
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Year |
2015 |
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NbN films |
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Монография посвящена актуальной проблеме современной фотоники: разработке высокочувствительных и быстродействующих сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов на основе тонкой пленки NbN. В работе исследуются неравновесные процессы, протекающие в тонкой сверхпроводящей пленке после поглощения инфракрасного фотона и приводящие к возникновению резистивного состояния. На этих процессах основан механизм фотоотклика исследуемого в работе однофотонного детектора. В частности, исследуются зависимости квантовой эффективности и скорости темнового счета от геометрических параметров детектора: толщины пленки, ширины полоски, а также от величины транспортного тока детектора. Монография предназначена для студентов старших курсов, аспирантов и начинающих исследователей, работающих в области сверхпроводниковой наноэлектроники и радиофизики. |
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Москва |
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МПГУ |
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978-5-4263-0269-3 |
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УДК: 535; Число страниц: 108 |
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no |
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1812 |
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Author |
Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Y.; Divochiy, A.; Antipov, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
The limitation of noise equivalent power by background radiation for infrared superconducting single photon detectors coupled to standard single mode optical fibers |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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5 |
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NbN SSPD |
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We investigated the minimum level of the dark count rates and noise equivalent power of superconducting single photon detectors coupled to standard single mode optical fibers. We found that background radiation limits the minimum level of the dark count rates. We also proposed the effective method for reducing background radiation out of the required spectral range of the detector. Measured noise equivalent power of detector reaches 8.9×10-19 W×Hz1/2 at a wavelength of 1.55 μm and quantum efficiency 35%. |
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14 pages |
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no |
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1813 |
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Author |
Смирнов, Константин Владимирович; Чулкова, Галина Меркурьевна; Вахтомин, Юрий Борисович; Корнеев, Александр Александрович; Окунев, Олег Валерьевич; Дивочий, Александр Валерьевич; Семенов, Александр Владимирович; Гольцман, Григорий Наумович |
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Title |
Особенности разогрева и релаксации горячих электронов О-754 в тонкопленочных cверхпроводниковых наноструктурах и 2D полупроводниковых гетероструктурах при поглощении излучения инфракрасного и терагерцового диапазонов |
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Book Whole |
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2014 |
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2DEG |
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В монографии рассмотрены основные особенности эффекта электронного разогрева в тонких сверхпроводниковых пленках и полупроводниковых гетеропереходах, возникающего при поглощении носителями заряда излучений терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов.
Значительная часть монографии посвящена представлению современных достижений при использовании указанного эффекта для создания приемных устройств с рекордными характеристиками: терагерцовых гетеродинных и болометрических приемников на основе сверхпроводниковых и полупроводниковых структур; сверхпроводниковых приемников одиночных ИК фотонов. В работе также подробно рассмотрены основы современной сверхпроводниковой тонкопленочной технологии.
Монография может быть полезна студентам старших курсов, аспирантам и начинающим исследователям, работающим в области физики твердого тела, оптики, радиофизики. |
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Москва |
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МПГУ |
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Russian |
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978-5-4263-0145-0 |
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240 страниц |
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no |
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Serial |
1814 |
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Author |
Гольцман, Григорий Наумович; Корнеев, Александр Александрович; Антипов, Андрей Владимирович; Минаева, Ольга Вячеславовна; Дивочий, Александр Валерьевич; Антипов, Сергей Владимирович; Вахтомин, Юрий Борисович; Смирнов, Константин Владимирович |
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Title |
Способ фильтрации фонового излучения инфракрасного диапазона |
Type |
Patent |
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Year |
2014 |
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Issue |
RU 2510056 C1 |
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Изобретение относится к способам уменьшения интенсивности фонового излучения инфракрасного диапазона. Способ фильтрации фонового излучения инфракрасного диапазона, падающего на сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор, включает передачу излучения инфракрасного диапазона с длиной волны 0,4-1,8 микрометров на сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор при помощи одномодового волокна, частично находящегося при температуре 4,0-4,4 К. При этом длина охлаждаемого участка одномодового волокна составляет 0,2-3,5 м. Технический результат заключается в повышении надежности работы фотонных детекторов. 2 з.п. ф-лы. |
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no |
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1815 |
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Антипов, Андрей Владимирович; Дивочий, Александр Валерьевич; Вахтомин, Юрий Борисович; Финкель, Матвей Ильич; Смирнов, Константин Владимирович |
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Title |
Способ прецизионного позиционирования чувствительного элемента фотонного детектора |
Type |
Patent |
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Year |
2014 |
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RU 2506664 C1 |
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Изобретение относится к способам, позволяющим производить совмещение фотонных детекторов относительно оптического излучения. Способ прецизионного позиционирования чувствительного элемента фотонного детектора относительно амплитудно-модулированного оптического излучения включает смещение чувствительного элемента фотонного детектора постоянным током с последующей регистрацией электрического сигнала, возникающего на контактах детектора на частоте модуляции излучения. Полученный при этом сигнал используют как параметр, определяющий качество позиционирования. Обеспечивается повышение технико-эксплуатационных характеристик детектора. |
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no |
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1816 |
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Author |
Чулкова, Г. М.; Корнеев, А. А.; Смирнов, К. В.; Окунев, О. В. |
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Энергетическая релаксация в примесных металлах, двумерном электронном газе в AlGaAs-GaAs, сверхпроводниковых пленках NbN и детекторы субмиллиметрового и ик излучения на их основе |
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2012 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs, NbN detectors |
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Монография посвящена обзору исследований влияния эффектов электронного беспорядка на электронное взаимодействие в металлах, сверхпроводниках, полупроводниках, а также в различных низкоразмерных структурах. Актуальность поднятых в монографии вопросов определяется интенсивным развитием нанотехнологий, созданием новых наноструктурированных материалов и уникальных наноэлементов для электроники и фотоники. Упругое электронное рассеяние на границах наноструктур качественно меняет взаимодействие электронов с фонолами, что, безусловно, должно учитываться при проектировании соответствующей элементной базы. Прикладная часть работы посвящена контролируемой модификации электронных процессов для оптимизации новых наносенсоров на основе электронного разогрева в сверхпроводниковых и полупроводниковых структурах. Монография предназначена для студентов старших курсов, аспирантов и начинающих следователей, работающих в области сверхпроводниковой наноэлектроники. |
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Москва |
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Прометей, МПГУ |
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978-5-4263-0118-4 |
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УДК: 537.311 |
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no |
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1818 |
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Семенов, А. В.; Корнеев, А. А.; Лобанов, Ю. В.; Корнеева, Ю. П.; Рябчун, С. А.; Лаврова, О. С.; Третьяков, И. В.; Флоря, И. Н.; Силаев, М. А.; Кинев, Н. В.; Ковалюк, В. В.; Смирнов, К. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Поляризация электромагнитной волны вблизи фокуса зеркала и системы зеркал в субтерагерцовом диапазоне частот |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Современные проблемы науки и образования |
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2 |
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sub-terahertz radio telescope |
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Рассмотрено влияние оптической системы телескопа на поляризацию принимаемого электромагнитного сигнала. Описано изменение поляризации луча при отражении от произвольно ориентированной поверхности зеркала. Учтены искажения поляризации, обусловленные как отклонением лучей от первоначального направления, так и различием в коэффициентах отражения для разных поляризаций в случае неидеального отражения. В рамках метода Френеля получены оценочные формулы, дающие отношение амплитуд поля с исходной поляризацией и с поляризацией, перпендикулярной исходной, вблизи фокальной точки оптической системы. Формулы выведены для нескольких практически важных случаев, в том числе для параболического зеркала и системы двух зеркал. Оценена верхняя граница поляризационных искажений в пределах кружка Эйри. Полученные оценки согласуются с результатами численного расчёта для двухзеркального радиотелескопа субтерагерцового диапазона. |
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9 страниц; УДК 535-47 |
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1819 |
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Semenov, A. V.; Devyatov, I. A.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Melnikov, A. P. |
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Derivation of expression for thermodynamic potential of “dirty” superconductor |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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4 |
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dirty superconductor, Usadel theory, thermodynamic potential |
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We derive a formula for thermodynamic potential of dirty superconductor which express it via isotropic quasiclassical Green functions of Usadel theory. Our result allows unify description of dynamic processes and fluctuations in superconducting nano-electronic devices. |
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7 pages |
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1824 |
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Korneeva, Yu. P.; Trifonov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Design of resonator for superconducting single-photon detector |
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2011 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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12 |
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SSPD optical resonator, SNSPD |
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A resonator for superconducting single-photon detector is designed. Near 60% coupling with a radiation propagating from a dielectric substrate of optical fiber is demonstrated to be achieved for typical values of the detector’s film sheet resistance. |
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6 pages |
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1827 |
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Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, Manfred; Krocka, Michael; Mair, Ulrich; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Terahertz heterodyne receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop |
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Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA)[1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR. |
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Monterey, CA, USA |
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Wold, J.; Davidson, J. |
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4 pages; Unconfirmed but cited in https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/1622/1/bedorf.pdf; There is a Program of the Workshop: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/7411055/far-ir-submm-mm-detector-technology-workshop-sofia-usra (there is no title of this article in the Program); There is also identical publication in Proc. ISSTT (Serial: 332, “A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer”). |
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Смирнов, Константин Владимирович |
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Энергетическая релаксация электронов в 2D-канале гетеропереходов GAAS/ALGAAS и транспортные процессы в структурах полупроводник-сверхпроводник на их основе |
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2000 |
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М. МПГУ |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, NbN films |
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Диссертация посвящена изучению электрон-фононного взаимодействия в двумерном электронном газе, образующемся на границе раздела полупроводников AlGaAs и GaAs, а также созданию на основе гетероперехода GaAs/AlGaAs и сверхпроводника NbN гибридных структур сверхпроводник-полупроводник-сверхпроводник и изучению их электрофизических свойств. |
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Москва, МПГУ |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Гольцман, Г. Н.; Веревкин, А. А.; Гершензон, Е. М.; Птицина, Н. Г.; Смирнов, К. В.; Чулкова, Г. М. |
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Исследования процессов неупругой релаксации и примесная спектроскопия-релаксометрия в двумерном электронном газе в полупроводниковых структурах с квантовыми ямами |
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1995 |
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В гетероструктурах GaAs/AlGaAs впервые прямым методом измерена температурная зависимость вpемени энеpгетической pелаксации двумерного электронного газа te(T) в широком диапазоне температур Т=1,5 – 50 К в квазиравновесных условиях. Для измерений использовался высокочувствительный спектрометр миллиметрового диапазона волн с высоким временным разрешением, который позволял измерять релаксационные времена до 150 пс с погрешностью не более 20%. Верхний предел температуры определялся временным разрешением спектрометра. Исследования проводились на высококачественных образцах с поверхностной концентрацией носителей ns = 4,2 1011 см-2 и подвижностью m = 7 105 см2В-1с-1 (при Т = 4,2К). В квазиравновесных условиях из температурной зависимости tе определен предел подвижности при низких температурах (T<4.2 K), связанный с рассеянием на пьезоакустическом потенциале, получено время неупругой релаксации, связанное с рассеянием на деформационном потенциале (15 K25 K), получено характерное время испускания оптического фонона (tLO>4,5пс), которое существенно превышает время сронтанного излучения оптического фонона (примерно в 30 раз), что связано с большой ролью процессов перепоглащения фононов электронами.При низких температурах проведены измерения tе в условиях сильного разогрева. Полученные значения tе и зависимость tе от температуры электронов Те совпадают с tе(Т) в квазиравновесных условиях при Т=Те. Из полученных значений tе(Те) построена зависимость мощности энергетических потерь от Те, которая хорошо согласуется с литературными данными.Начаты измерения в магнитном поле, которые показывают переспективность использованного нами метода измерений как в области слабых магнитных полей при факторе заполнения >10, так и в области сильных магнитных полей при факторе заполнения >1-2. |
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Отчет о НИР/НИОКР; РФФИ: 95-02-06409-а; |
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1831 |
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Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Coherent detection of weak signals with superconducting nanowire single photon detector at the telecommunication wavelength |
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2017 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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10229 |
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0G (1 to 12) |
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SSPD mixer, SNSPD, coherent detection, weak signal detection, superconducting nanostructures |
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Achievement of the ultimate sensitivity along with a high spectral resolution is one of the frequently addressed problems, as the complication of the applied and fundamental scientific tasks being explored is growing up gradually. In our work, we have investigated performance of a superconducting nanowire photon-counting detector operating in the coherent mode for detection of weak signals at the telecommunication wavelength. Quantum-noise limited sensitivity of the detector was ensured by the nature of the photon-counting detection and restricted by the quantum efficiency of the detector only. Spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique and was defined by the linewidth and stability of the Local Oscillator (LO). Response bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector’s pulse width, which, in turn, could be controlled by the nanowire length. In addition, the system noise bandwidth was shown to be governed by the electronics/lab equipment, and the detector noise bandwidth is predicted to depend on its jitter. As have been demonstrated, a very small amount of the LO power (of the order of a few picowatts down to hundreds of femtowatts) was required for sufficient detection of the test signal, and eventual optimization could lead to further reduction of the LO power required, which would perfectly suit for the foreseen development of receiver matrices and the need for detection of ultra-low signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second. |
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Spie |
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Prochazka, I.; Sobolewski, R.; James, R.B. |
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Photon counting applications |
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10.1117/12.2267724 |
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1201 |
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Semenov, Alexei D; Gol'tsman, Gregory N; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Hot-electron effect in superconductors and its applications for radiation sensors |
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2002 |
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Superconductor Science and Technology |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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15 |
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4 |
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R1-R16 |
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HEB, SSPD |
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The paper reviews the main aspects of nonequilibrium hot-electron phenomena in superconductors and various theoretical models developed to describe the hot-electron effect. We discuss implementation of the hot-electron avalanche mechanism in superconducting radiation sensors and present the most successful practical devices, such as terahertz mixers and direct intensity detectors, for far-infrared radiation. Our presentation also includes the novel approach to hot-electron quantum detection implemented in superconducting x-ray to optical photon counters. |
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0953-2048 |
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416 |
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Cao, Aiqin; Jiang, L.; Chen, S.H.; Antipov, S.V.; Shi, S.C. |
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IF gain bandwidth of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer |
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Conference Article |
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2007 |
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Proc. International conference on microwave and millimeter wave technology |
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Proc. ICMMT |
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1-3 |
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HEB, mixer, gain bandwidth |
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In this paper, the intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer is investigated at 500 GHz with an IF system incorporating with a frequency down-converting scheme which is able to sweep the IF signal in a frequency range of 0.3-4 GHz. The IF gain bandwidth of the device is measured to be 1.5 GHz when it is biased at a voltage of the minimum noise temperature, and becomes larger when the bias voltage increases. |
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RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ |
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575 |
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Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
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High speed travelling wave single-photon detectors with near-unity quantum efficiency |
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2011 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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SPD |
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Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. Close-to-unity photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides and achieve single photon detection efficiency up to 94% at telecom wavelengths. Our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable, low loss silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps at multi-GHz detection rates. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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arXiv:1108.5299 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
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High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits |
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2012 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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1108.5299 |
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1-23 |
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optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD, guantum photonics, jitter, detection efficiency |
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Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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845 |
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Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory |
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Microwave stabilization of HEB mixer by a microchip controller |
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2012 |
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IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium digest |
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HEB mixer stability, microwave injection, Allan variance, Allan time |
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The stability of a Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer can be improved by the use of microwave injection. In this article we report a refinement of this approach. We introduce a microchip controller to facilitate the implementation of the stabilization scheme, and demonstrate that the feedback loop effectively suppresses drifts in the HEB bias current, leading to an improvement in the receiver stability. The measured Allan time of the mixer's IF output power is increased to > 10 s. |
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Montreal, QC, Canada |
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Bell, M.; Sergeev, A.; Mitin, V.; Bird, J.; Verevkin, A.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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One-dimensional resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors |
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2007 |
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arXiv:0709.0709v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] |
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We investigate competition between one- and two-dimensional topological excitations – phase slips and vortices – in formation of resistive states in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors in a wide temperature range below the mean-field transition temperature T(C0). The widths w = 100 nm of our ultrathin NbN samples is substantially larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length ξ = 4nm and the fluctuation resistivity above T(C0) has a two-dimensional character. However, our data shows that the resistivity below T(C0) is produced by one-dimensional excitations, – thermally activated phase slip strips (PSSs) overlapping the sample cross-section. We also determine the scaling phase diagram, which shows that even in wider samples the PSS contribution dominates over vortices in a substantial region of current/temperature variations. Measuring the resistivity within seven orders of magnitude, we find that the quantum phase slips can only be essential below this level. |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
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948 |
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Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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2013 |
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INIS |
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INIS |
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46 |
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8 |
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1-3 |
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TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. |
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1374 |
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Maslennikov, S. |
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RF heating efficiency of the terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer |
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2014 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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1404.5276 |
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1-4 |
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superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer, HEB, NbN, distributed model, HEB model, HEB mixer model, heat balance equa-tions, conversion gain, RF heating efficiency, noise temperature, simulation, Euler method |
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We report results of the numerical solution by the Euler method of the system of heat balance equations written in recurrent form for the superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) embedded in an electrical circuit. By taking into account the dependence of the HEB resistance on the transport current we have been able to calculate rigorously the RF heating efficiency, absorbed local oscillator (LO) power and conversion gain of the HEB mixer. We show that the calculated conversion gai nis in excellent agreement with the experimental results, and that the substitution of the calculated RF heating efficiency and absorbed LO power into the expressions for the conversion gain and noise temperature given by the analytical small-signal model of the HEB yields excellent agreement with the corresponding measured values |
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no |
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RPLAB @ atomics90 @ |
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954 |
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Author |
Marsili, F.; Bitauld, D.; Divochiy, A.; Gaggero, A.; Leoni, R.; Mattioli, F.; Korneev, A.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol’tsman, G.; Lagoudakis, K.G.; Benkahoul, M.; Lévy, F.; Fiore, A. |
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Title |
Superconducting nanowire photon number resolving detector at telecom wavelength |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
CLEO/QELS |
Abbreviated Journal |
CLEO/QELS |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
Qmj1 (1 to 2) |
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Keywords |
PNR SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Infrared; Low light level; Diode lasers; Photons; Scanning electron microscopy; Superconductors; Ti:sapphire lasers |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate a photon-number-resolving (PNR) detector, based on parallel superconducting nanowires, capable of resolving up to 5 photons in the telecommunication wavelength range, with sensitivity and speed far exceeding existing approaches. |
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Optical Society of America |
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978-1-55752-859-9 |
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no |
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Marsili:08 |
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1243 |
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Author |
Tretyakov, I.; Svyatodukh, S.; Perepelitsa, A.; Ryabchun, S.; Kaurova, N.; Shurakov, A.; Smirnov, M.; Ovchinnikov, O.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Ag2S QDs/Si heterostructure-based ultrasensitive SWIR range detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nanomaterials (Basel) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanomaterials (Basel) |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-12 |
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Keywords |
detector; quantum dots; short-wave infrared range; silicon |
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Abstract |
In the 20(th) century, microelectronics was revolutionized by silicon-its semiconducting properties finally made it possible to reduce the size of electronic components to a few nanometers. The ability to control the semiconducting properties of Si on the nanometer scale promises a breakthrough in the development of Si-based technologies. In this paper, we present the results of our experimental studies of the photovoltaic effect in Ag2S QD/Si heterostructures in the short-wave infrared range. At room temperature, the Ag2S/Si heterostructures offer a noise-equivalent power of 1.1 x 10(-10) W/ radicalHz. The spectral analysis of the photoresponse of the Ag2S/Si heterostructures has made it possible to identify two main mechanisms behind it: the absorption of IR radiation by defects in the crystalline structure of the Ag2S QDs or by quantum QD-induced surface states in Si. This study has demonstrated an effective and low-cost way to create a sensitive room temperature SWIR photodetector which would be compatible with the Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. |
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Laboratory of nonlinear optics, Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420029, Russia |
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English |
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2079-4991 |
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PMID:32365694; PMCID:PMC7712218 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1151 |
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Author |
Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Chulkova, G. M.; Voronov, B. M. |
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Title |
Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter |
Type |
Abstract |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-1 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, HEB |
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Abstract |
We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications. |
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2162-2027 |
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no |
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Call Number |
RPLAB @ sasha @ goltsman2010superconducting |
Serial |
1028 |
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Author |
Казаков, А. Ю.; Кардакова, А. И.; Селиверстов, С. В.; Горшков, К. Н.; Дивочий, А. В.; Финкель, М. И.; Корнеев, А. А.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б. |
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Title |
Возможность применения сверхпроводниковых материалов в качестве отражающего покрытия холодного зеркала телескопа субмиллиметрового диапазона |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Совр. проб. науки и обр. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Совр. проб. науки и обр. |
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Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1-5 |
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Keywords |
radio telescope, superconducting coating |
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russian |
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2070-7428 |
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Notes |
УДК 520.272.2 |
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no |
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Call Number |
RPLAB @ sasha @ казаковвозможность |
Serial |
1030 |
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Author |
Чулкова, Г. М.; Семёнов, А. В.; Дивочий, А. В.; Тархов, М. А. |
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Title |
Сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор с разрешением числа фотонов для систем дальней телекоммуникационной связи |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ж. радиоэлектрон. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ж. радиоэлектрон. |
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Volume |
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Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1-6 |
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Keywords |
PNR SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
Рассмотрена возможность применения сверхпроводникового однофотонного детектора, разрешающего число фотонов, в качестве датчика приёмных модулей телекоммуникационных линий. Показано, что для достижения доли ошибочных битов на уровне 10-11 достаточно на два порядка меньшей мощности в оптическом импульсе, чем при использовании существующих приёмных модулей. |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
RPLAB @ sasha @ чулковасверхпроводниковый |
Serial |
1031 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ozhegov, R.; Elezov, M.; Kurochkin, Y.; Kurochkin, V.; Divochiy, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Quantum key distribution over 300 |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
9440 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1F (1 to 9) |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD applicatins, quantum key distribution, QKD |
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Abstract |
We discuss the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302 km by Superconducting Single- Photon Detectors (SSPDs). Because of the excellent characteristics and the possibility to be effectively coupled to singlemode optical fiber many applications of the SSPD have already been reported. The most impressive one is the quantum key distribution (QKD) over 250 km distance. This demonstration shows further possibilities for the improvement of the characteristics of quantum-cryptographic systems such as increasing the bit rate and the quantum channel length, and decreasing the quantum bit error rate (QBER). This improvement is possible because SSPDs have the best characteristics in comparison with other single-photon detectors. We have demonstrated the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302.5 km with superconducting single-photon detectors. The advantage of an autocompensating optical scheme, also known as “plugandplay” for quantum key distribution, is high stability in the presence of distortions along the line. To increase the distance of quantum key distribution with this optical scheme we implement the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD). At the 5 MHz pulse repetition frequency and the average photon number equal to 0.4 we measured a 33 bit/s quantum key generation for a 101.7 km single mode ber quantum channel. The extremely low SSPD dark count rate allowed us to keep QBER at 1.6% level. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Orlikovsky, A. A. |
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International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics |
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no |
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Call Number |
RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegov2014quantum |
Serial |
1048 |
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Author |
Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak signals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-5 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD mixer, SNSPD, nanophotonic waveguide |
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Abstract |
Traditional photon detectors are operated in the direct detection mode, counting incident photons with a known quantum efficiency. Here, we have investigated a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) operated as a photon counting mixer at telecommunication wavelength around 1.5 μm. This regime of operation combines excellent sensitivity of a photon counting detector with excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. Advantageously, we have found that low local oscillator (LO) power of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts is sufficient for clear observation of the incident test signal with the sensitivity approaching the quantum limit. With further optimization, the required LO power could be significantly reduced, which is promising for many practical applications, such as the development of receiver matrices or recording ultralow signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second. In addition to a traditional NbN-based SNSPD operated with normal incidence coupling, we also use detectors with a travelling wave geometry, where a NbN nanowire is placed on the top of a Si 3 N 4 nanophotonic waveguide. This approach is fully scalable and a large number of devices could be integrated on a single chip. |
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ISSN |
1051-8223 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1206 |
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Author |
Titova, N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Tovpeko, N.; Ryabchun, S.; Mandal, S.; Morozov, D.; Klemencic, G. M.; Giblin, S. R.; Williams, O. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Slow electron–phonon cooling in superconducting diamond films |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1-4 |
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Keywords |
superconducting diamond films, electron-phonon cooling |
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Abstract |
We have measured the electron-phonon energy-relaxation time, τ eph , in superconducting boron-doped diamond films grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The observed electron-phonon cooling times vary from 160 ns at 2.70 K to 410 ns at 1.8 K following a T -2-dependence. The data are consistent with the values of τ eph previously reported for single-crystal boron-doped diamond films epitaxially grown on diamond substrate. Such a noticeable slow electron-phonon relaxation in boron-doped diamond, in combination with a high normal-state resistivity, confirms a potential of superconducting diamond for ultrasensitive superconducting bolometers. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1168 |
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Author |
Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors for Integrated Nanophotonics Circuits |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
16th ISEC |
Abbreviated Journal |
16th ISEC |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-3 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
We present an overview of our recent achievements in integration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SNSPD with dielectric optical waveguides. We are able to produce complex nanophotonics integrated circuits containing optical elements and photon detector on single chip thus producing a compact integrated platform for quantum optics applications. |
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no |
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Call Number |
8314200 |
Serial |
1200 |
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Author |
Samsonova, Alena; Zolotov, Philipp; Baeva, Elmira; Lomakin, Andrey; Titova, Nadezhda; Kardakova, Anna; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Title |
Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in thin niobium films |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-1 |
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Keywords |
Temperature measurement, Temperature dependence, Superconducting magnets, Superconducting transition temperature, Substrates, Resistance, Scattering |
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Abstract |
We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder (kFl 150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm-2, which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1162 |
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Author |
Polyakova, M.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Protocol of measuring hot-spot correlation length for SNSPDs with near-unity detection efficiency |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-5 |
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Keywords |
SSPD, waveguide-integrated SNSPD, hot-spot interaction length |
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Abstract |
We present a simple quantum detector tomography protocol, which allows, without ambiguities, to measure the two-spot detection efficiency and extract the hot-spot interaction length of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) with unity intrinsic detection efficiency. We identify a significant parasitic contribution to the measured two-spot efficiency, related to an effect of the bias circuit, and find a way to rule out this contribution during data post-processing and directly in the experiment. From the data analysis for waveguide-integrated SNSPD, we find signatures of the saturation of the two-spot efficiency and hot-spot interaction length of order of 100 nm. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1187 |
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Author |
Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
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Title |
Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits: supplementary material |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Optica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
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Keywords |
Quantum detectors; Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation; Nanophotonics and photonic crystals; Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; Fluorescence resonance energy transfer; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Imaging techniques; Optical components; Quantum key distribution |
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Abstract |
This document provides supplementary information to “Spectrally multiplexed single-photon detection with hybrid superconducting nanophotonic circuits", DOI:10.1364/optica.4.000557. Here we detail the on-chip spectrometer design, its characterization and the experimental setup we used. In addition, we present a detailed report concerning the characterization of the superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. In the final sections, we describe sample preparation and characterization of the nanodiamonds containing silicon vacancy color centers. |
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Osa |
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Kahl:17 |
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1218 |
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Goltsman, G. N.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Lobanov, Y. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. |
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Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak optical signals |
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Abstract |
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2016 |
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LPHYS'16 |
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LPHYS'16 |
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1-2 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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Traditionally, photon detectors are operated in a direct detection mode counting incident photonswith a known quantum efficiency. This procedure allows one to detect weak sources of radiation but allthe information about its frequency is limited by the optical filtering/resonating structures used which arenot as precise as would be required for some practical applications. In this work we propose heterodynereceiver based on a photon counting mixer which would combine excellent sensitivity of a photon countingdetector and excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. At present, Superconducting-Nanowire-Single-Photon-Detectors (SNSPDs) [1] are widely used in a variety of applications providing thebest possible combination of the sensitivity and speed. SNSPDs demonstrate lack of drawbacks like highdark count rate or autopulsing, which are common for traditional semiconductor-based photon detectors,such as avalanche photon diodes.In our study we have investigated SNSPD operated as a photon counting mixer. To fully understandits behavior in such a regime, we have utilized experimental setup based on a couple of distributedfeedback lasers irradiating at 1.5 micrometers, one of which is being the Local Oscillator (LO) and theother mimics the test signal [2]. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias currentwas slightly below of the critical current. Advantageously, we have found that LO power needed for anoptimal mixing is of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts, which is promising for manypractical applications, such as receiver matrices [3]. With use of the two lasers, one can observe thevoltage pulses produced by the detected photons, and the time distribution of the pulses reproduces thefrequency difference between the lasers, forming power response at the intermediate frequency which canbe captured by either an oscilloscope (an analysis of the pulse statistics is needed) or by an RF spectrumanalyzer. Photon-counting nature of the detector ensures quantum-limited sensitivity with respect to theoptical coupling achieved. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use thedetectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a NbN nanowire is placed on the topof a Si3N4 nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. For this reason it ispossible to achieve almost complete absorption of photons and reduce the detector footprint. This reducesthe noise of the device together with the expansion of the bandwidth. Integrated device scheme allowsus to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with alarge number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges wherephoton-counting measurement may be beneficial as well [5].Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of theRussian Federation, contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant No. 16-32-00465. |
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1220 |
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Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Title |
Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-5 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated. |
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1051-8223 |
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1222 |
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Zolotov, P.; Semenov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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A comparison of VN and NbN thin films towards optimal SNSPD efficiency |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-4 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, WSi |
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Based on early phenomenological ideas about the operation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD or SNSPD), it was expected that materials with a lower superconducting gap should perform better in the IR range. The plausibility of this concept could be checked using two popular SSPD materials – NbN and WSi films. However, these materials differ strongly in crystallographic structure (polycrystalline B1 versus amorphous), which makes their dependence on disorder different. In our work we present a study of the single-photon response of SSPDs made from two disordered B1 structure superconductors – vanadium nitride and niobium nitride thin films. We compare the intrinsic efficiency of devices made from films with different sheet resistance values. While both materials have a polycrystalline structure and comparable diffusion coefficient values, VN films show metallic behavior over a wide range of sheet resistance, in contrast to NbN films with an insulator-like temperature dependence of resistivity, which may be partially due to enhanced Coulomb interaction, leading to different starting points for the normal electron density of states. The results show that even though VN devices are more promising in terms of theoretical predictions, their optimal performance was not reached due to lower values of sheet resistance. |
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1223 |
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Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Rosental, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Volkov, O. Y.; Dyuzhikov, I. N.; Galiev, R. R.; Ponomarev, D. S.; Khabibullin, R. A. |
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Time-resolved measurements of light–current characteristic and mode competition in pulsed THz quantum cascade laser |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Optical Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
Optical Engineering |
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60 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1-8 |
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HEB, terahertz pulse generation, terahertz pulse detection, QCL, quantum cascade laser, superconducting hot electron bolometer |
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Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are widely adopted as prominent and easy-to-use solid-state sources of terahertz radiation. Yet some applications require generation and detection of very sharp and narrow terahertz-range pulses with a specific spectral composition. We have studied time-resolved light-current (L–I) characteristics of multimode THz QCL operated with a fast ramp of the injection current. Detection of THz pulses was carried out using an NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer with the time constant of the order of 1 ns while the laser bias current was swept during a single driving pulse. A nonmonotonic behavior of the L–I characteristic with several visually separated subpeaks was found. This behavior is associated with the mode competition in THz QCL cavity, which we confirm by L–I measurements with use of an external Fabry–Perot interferometer for a discrete mode selection. We also have demonstrated the possibility to control the L–I shape with suppression of one of the subpeaks by simply adjusting the off-axis parabolic mirror for optimal optical alignment for one of the laser modes. The developed technique paves the way for rapid characterization of pulsed THz QCLs for further studies of the possibilities of using this approach in remote sensing. |
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10.1117/1.Oe.60.8.082019 |
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1260 |
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Saveskul, N. A.; Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Saha, S.; Reddy, H.; Bogdanov, S. I.; Marinero, E. E.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A.; Khrapai, V. S.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Superconductivity behavior in epitaxial TiN films points at surface magnetic disorder |
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Miscellaneous |
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2019 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
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1-10 |
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We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting electronic properties in epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of in the residual resistivity, which becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such a high quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of ∼1012cm−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films. |
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1278 |
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Kardakova, A. I.; Coumou, P. C. J. J.; Finkel, M. I.; Morozov, D. V.; An, P. P.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
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Electron–phonon energy relaxation time in thin strongly disordered titanium nitride films |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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25 |
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3 |
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1-4 |
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TiN MKID |
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We have measured the energy relaxation times from the electron bath to the phonon bath in strongly disordered TiN films grown by atomic layer deposition. The measured values of τ eph vary from 12 to 91 ns. Over a temperature range from 3.4 to 1.7 K, they follow T -3 temperature dependence, which are consistent with values of τ eph reported previously for sputtered TiN films. For the most disordered film, with an effective elastic mean free path of 0.35 nm, we find a faster relaxation and a stronger temperature dependence, which may be an additional indication of the influence of strong disorder on a superconductor. |
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1296 |
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Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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Photon switching statistics in multistrip superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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28 |
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7 |
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1-4 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We study photon count statistics in superconducting single-photon detectors consisting of up to 70 narrow superconducting strips connected in parallel. Using interarrival time analysis, we demonstrate that our samples are operated in the “arm-trigger” regime and require up to seven subsequently absorbed photons to form a resistive state in the whole sample. We also performed numerical simulation of the light and dark count rates versus detector bias current, which are in good agreement with the experimental results. |
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1304 |
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Goltsman, G. |
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Superconducting thin film as infrared heterodyne and direct detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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16th ISEC |
Abbreviated Journal |
16th ISEC |
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1-3 |
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optical waveguide SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chip-quantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device. |
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8314188 |
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1323 |
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Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Grimes, P.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. |
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Development of a silicon membrane-based multipixel hot electron bolometer receiver |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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27 |
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4 |
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1-5 |
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Multi-pixel, NbN HEB, silicon-on-insulator, horn array |
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We report on the development of a multipixel hot electron bolometer (HEB) receiver fabricated using silicon membrane technology. The receiver comprises a 2 × 2 array of four HEB mixers, fabricated on a single chip. The HEB mixer chip is based on a superconducting NbN thin-film deposited on top of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The thicknesses of the device layer and handling layer of the SOI substrate are 20 and 300 μm, respectively. The thickness of the device layer is chosen such that it corresponds to a quarter-wave in silicon at 1.35 THz. The HEB mixer is integrated with a bow-tie antenna structure, in turn designed for coupling to a circular waveguide, fed by a monolithic drilled smooth-walled horn array. |
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1324 |
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Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Vdovichev, S.; Moshkova, M.; Simonov, N.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. |
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Comparison of hot spot formation in nbn and mon thin superconducting films after photon absorption |
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2017 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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27 |
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4 |
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1-4 |
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MoNx SSPD |
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In superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD), the efficiency of local suppression of superconductivity and hotspot formation is controlled by diffusivity and electron-phonon interaction time. Here, we selected a material, 3.6-nm-thick MoNx film, which features diffusivity close to those of NbN traditionally used for SSPD fabrication, but with electron-phonon interaction time an order of magnitude larger. In MoN ∞ detectors, we study the dependence of detection efficiency on bias current, photon energy, and strip width, and compare it with NbN SSPD. We observe nonlinear current-energy dependence in MoNx SSPD and more pronounced plateaus in dependences of detection efficiency on bias current, which we attribute to longer electron-phonon interaction time. |
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1325 |
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Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G. |
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Photon absorption near the gap frequency in a hot electron bolometer |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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27 |
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4 |
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1-4 |
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NBN HEB mixer |
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The superconducting energy gap is a fundamental characteristic of a superconducting film, which, together with the applied pump power and the biasing setup, defines the instantaneous resistive state of the Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer at any given bias point on the I-V curve. In this paper we report on a series of experiments, in which we subjected the HEB to radiation over a wide frequency range along with parallel microwave injection. We have observed three distinct regimes of operation of the HEB, depending on whether the radiation is above the gap frequency, far below it or close to it. These regimes are driven by the different patterns of photon absorption. The experiments have allowed us to derive the approximate gap frequency of the device under test as about 585 GHz. Microwave injection was used to probe the HEB impedance. Spontaneous switching between the superconducting (low resistive) state and a quasi-normal (high resistive) state was observed. The switching pattern depends on the particular regime of HEB operation and can assume a random pattern at pump frequencies below the gap to a regular relaxation oscillation running at a few MHz when pumped above the gap. |
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1558-2515 |
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1331 |
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Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
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Spectrally resolved single-photon imaging with hybrid superconducting – nanophotonic circuits |
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Miscellaneous |
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2016 |
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arXiv |
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arXiv |
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1-20 |
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waiveguide SSPD, SNSPD, imaging |
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The detection of individual photons is an inherently binary mechanism, revealing either their absence or presence while concealing their spectral information. For multi-color imaging techniques, such as single photon spectroscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, wavelength discrimination is essential and mandates spectral separation prior to detection. Here, we adopt an approach borrowed from quantum photonic integration to realize a compact and scalable waveguide-integrated single-photon spectrometer capable of parallel detection on multiple wavelength channels, with temporal resolution below 50 ps and dark count rates below 10 Hz. We demonstrate multi-detector devices for telecommunication and visible wavelengths and showcase their performance by imaging silicon vacancy color centers in diamond nanoclusters. The fully integrated hybrid superconducting-nanophotonic circuits enable simultaneous spectroscopy and lifetime mapping for correlative imaging and provide the ingredients for quantum wavelength division multiplexing on a chip. |
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1334 |
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Korneeva, Y.; Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S.; Mitsen, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Goltsman, G. |
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Comparison of hot-spot formation in NbC and NbN single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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26 |
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3 |
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1-4 |
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NbC, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We report an experimental investigation of the hot-spot evolution in superconducting single-photon detectors made of disordered superconducting materials with different diffusivity and energy downconversion time values, i.e., 33-nm-thick NbN and 23-nm-thick NbC films. We have demonstrated that, in NbC film, only 405-nm photons produce sufficiently large hot spot to trigger a single-photon response. The dependence of detection efficiency on bias current for 405-nm photons in NbC is similar to that for 3400-nm photons in NbN. In NbC, large diffusivity and downconversion time result in 1-D critical current suppression profile compared with the usual 2-D profile in NbN. |
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1051-8223 |
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1348 |
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Samsonova, A. S.; Zolotov, P. I.; Baeva, E. M.; Lomakin, A. I.; Titova, N. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in niobium films |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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31 |
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5 |
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1-5 |
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Nb films |
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We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder ( kFl≈150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm −2 , which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. |
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1792 |
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Beck, Matthias; Leiderer, Paul; Kabanov, Viktor V.; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Helm, Manfred; Demsar, Jure |
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Energy-gap dynamics of a superconductor NbN studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy |
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2012 |
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INIS |
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INIS |
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45 |
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12 |
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1-3 |
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NbN energy gap |
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Using time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the SC gap in a conventional SC NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the important microscopic constants: the Cooper pair-breaking rate via phonon absorption and the bare quasiparticle recombination rate. From the latter we were able to extract the dimensionless electron-phonon coupling constant, λ=1.1±0.1, in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates. The technique also allowed us to determine the absorbed energy required to suppress SC, which in NbN equals the thermodynamic condensation energy (in cuprates the two differ by an order of magnitude). Finally, we present the first studies of dynamics following resonant excitation with intense narrow band THz pulses tuned to above and below the superconducting gap. These suggest an additional process, particularly pronounced near Tc, that could be attributed to amplification of SC via effective quasiparticle cooling. |
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1383 |
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Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Vaks, V. L.; Pripolzin, S. I.; Paveliev, D. G. |
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Heterodyne source of THz range based on semiconductor superlattice multiplier |
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2011 |
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IRMMW-THz |
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IRMMW-THz |
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1-2 |
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NbN HEB mixer, superlattice |
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We present the results of our studies of the possibility of developing a heterodyne receiver incorporating a hot-electron bolometer mixer as the detector and a semiconductor superlattice multiplier driven by a reference synthesizer as the local oscillator. We observe that such a local oscillator offers enough power in the terahertz range to pump the HEB into the operating state. |
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6105209 |
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1384 |
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