Gershenzon, E. M., Gol'tsman, G. N., & Ptitsina, N. G. (1976). Investigation of free excitons in Ge and their condensation at submillimeter wavelengths. Sov. Phys. JETP, 43(1), 116–122.
Abstract: Results are presented of an investigation of free excitons in Ge in the submillimeter wavelength range for low as well as for high excitation levels when interaction between the excitons becomes important. The free-exciton energy spectrum is discussed. It is shown that the drop radii and their concentrations can be determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the free-exciton concentration. A section of the phase diagram is obtained in the 0.5-2.8 K temperature range for the free excitons+condensate system.
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Gol’tsman, G., Korneev, A., Tarkhov, M., Seleznev, V., Divochiy, A., Minaeva, O., et al. (2007). Middle-infrared ultrafast superconducting single photon detector. In 32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE (pp. 115–116).
Abstract: We present the results of the research on quantum efficiency of the ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) in the wavelength rage from 1 mum to 5.7 mum. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of ~1 % at 5.7 mum wavelength with the SSPD made from 4-nm-thick NbN film. In a pursuit of further performance improvement we endeavored SSPD fabricating from 4-nm-thick MoRe film as an alternative material. The MoRe film exhibited transition temperature of 7.7K, critical current density at 4.2 K temperature was 1.1times10 6 A/cm 2 , and diffusivity 1.73 cmVs. The single-photon response was observed with MoRe SSPD at 1.3 mum wavelength with quantum efficiency estimated to be 0.04%.
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Zolotov, P. I., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Divochiy, A. V., Seleznev, V. A., & Smirnov, K. V. (2016). Technology development of resonator-based structures for efficiency increasing of NBN detectors of IR single photons. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics, , 115–116.
Abstract: This paper presents a technology of fabrication of NbN superconductive single- photon detectors, using resonator structures. The main results are related to optimization of the process of NbN sputtering over substrate with metallic mirrors and SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 layers /4 thick. Investigation of the quantum efficiency of fabricated devices at 1.6 K on 1.55 μm showed triple-magnified value compared to standard Si/NbN structures.
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Anosov, A. A., Barabanenkov, Y. N., Kazanskii, A. S., Less, Y. A., & Sharakshane, A. S. (2009). The inverse problem of acoustothermography with correlation reception of thermal acoustic radiation. Acoust. Phys., 55(1), 114–119.
Abstract: For the one-dimensional inverse problem of acoustothermography with correlation reception of thermal acoustic radiation, an integral equation is presented and experimentally verified. A method of solving the inverse problem is proposed. The method is based on combining the correlation functions of thermal acoustic radiation that were obtained for different distances between the receivers.
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Ozhegov, R. V., Gorshkov, K. N., Vachtomin, Y. B., Smirnov, K. V., Finkel, M. I., Goltsman, G. N., et al. (2014). Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting heterodyne integrated receiver. In C. Corsi, & F. Sizov (Eds.), Proc. THz and Security Applications (pp. 113–125). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Abstract: The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compared to traditional systems.
In this project we propose a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR and 2D scanner. At a local oscillator frequency of 500 GHz the best noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the SIR is 10 mK at an integration time of 1 s and a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz. The scanner consists of two rotating flat mirrors placed in front of the antenna consisting of a spherical primary reflector and an aspherical secondary reflector. The diameter of the primary reflector is 0.3 m. The operating frequency of the imaging system is 600 GHz, the frame rate is 0.1 FPS, the scanning area is 0.5 × 0.5 m2, the image resolution is 50 × 50 pixels, the distance from an object to the scanner was 3 m. We have obtained THz images with a spatial resolution of 8 mm and a NETD of less than 2 K.
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Tretyakov, I., Kaurova, N., Voronov, B. M., & Goltsman, G. N. (2018). About effect of the temperature operating conditions on the noise temperature and noise bandwidth of the terahertz range NbN hot-electron bolometers. In Proc. 29th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (113).
Abstract: Results of an experimental study of the noise temperature (Tn) and noise bandwidth (NBW) of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer as a function of its temperature (Tb) and NbN bridge length are presented. It was determined that the NBW of the mixer is significantly wider at temperatures close to the critical ones (Tc) than are values measured at 4.2 K. The NBW of the mixer measured at the heterodyne frequency of 2.5 THz at temperature Tb close to Tc was ~13 GHz, as compared with 6 GHz at Tb = 4.2 K. This experiment clearly demonstrates the limitation of the thermal flow from the NbN bridge at Tb ≪ Tc for mixers manufactured by the in situ technique. This limitation is close in its nature to the Andreev reflection on the superconductor/metal boundary. In this case, the noise temperature of the studied mixer increased from 1100 to 3800 K.
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Gol’tsman, G. N. (1994). Terahertz technology in Russia. In 24th European Microwave Conf. (Vol. 1, pp. 113–121).
Abstract: The presentation consider the parameters and operating peculiarities of unique microwave generators of the terahertz range which have been created in Russia – the backward wave oscillators – as well as certain devices based on these generators, such as high resolution. spectrometers and time-resolving spectrometers with picosecond temporal resolution. Most resent BWO-based studies are illustrated by a project devoted to superconductive hot-electron. bolometers which are of great independent value for the terahertz technology as high-sensitive picosecond detectors and low noise broad-band mixers.
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Cherednichenko, S., Drakinskiy, V., Baubert, J., Lecomte, B., Dauplay, F., Krieg, J. - M., et al. (2007). 2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers. In Proc. 18th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (112).
Abstract: A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5μm thick Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. Measurements of the mixers sensitivity and the input RF band are presented, and compared against calculations.
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Гершензон, Е. М., Гершензон, М. Е., Гольцман, Г. Н., Люлькин, А. М., Семенов, А. Д., & Сергеев, А. В. (1989). О предельных характеристиках быстродействующих серхпроводниковых болометров. Журнал технической физики, 59(2), 111–120.
Abstract: Теоретически и экспериментально исследовано физическое ограничение быстродействия сверхпроводящего болометра. Показано, что минимальная постоянная времени реализуется в условиях электронного разогрева и определяется процессом неупругого электрон-фонон- ного взаимодействия. Сформулированы требования кконструкции «электронного болометра» для достижения предельной чувствительности. Проведено сравнение характеристик электронного болометра и обычных болометров различных типов.
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Шангина, Е. Л., Смирнов, К. В., Морозов, Д. В., Ковалюк, В. В., Гольцман, Г. Н., Веревкин, А. А., et al. (2010). Концентрационная зависимость полосы преобразования смесителей субмиллиметрового диапазона на основе наноструктур AlGaAs/GaAs. Изв. РАН Сер. Физ., 74(1), 110–112.
Abstract: Методом субмиллиметровой спектроскопии с высоким временным разрешением при Т = 4.2 К измерена концентрационная зависимость полосы преобразования гетеродинного детектирования гетероструктур AlGaAs/GaAs с двумерным электронным газом. С увеличением концентрации двумерных электронов ns = (1.6–6.6) · 1011см-2 ширина полосы преобразования f3dB уменьшается от 245 до 145 МГц. В исследованной области концентраций наблюдается зависимость f3dB , обусловленная рассеянием электронов на деформационном потенциале акустических фононов и пьезоэлектрическим рассеянием.
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