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Author |
Wei, Jian; Olaya, David; Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.; Sergeev, Andrei V.; Gershenson, Michael E. |
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Title |
Ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers for terahertz astrophysics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Nature Nanotechnology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature Nanotech |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
496-500 |
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Keywords |
HEB, Ti/NbN, single terahertz photons, detection |
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Abstract |
The submillimetre or terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum contains approximately half of the total luminosity of the Universe and 98% of all the photons emitted since the Big Bang. This radiation is strongly absorbed in the Earth's atmosphere, so space-based terahertz telescopes are crucial for exploring the evolution of the Universe. Thermal emission from the primary mirrors in these telescopes can be reduced below the level of the cosmic background by active cooling, which expands the range of faint objects that can be observed. However, it will also be necessary to develop bolometers – devices for measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation—with sensitivities that are at least two orders of magnitude better than the present state of the art. To achieve this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, two conditions are required. First, the bolometer should be exceptionally well thermally isolated from the environment;
second, its heat capacity should be sufficiently small. Here we demonstrate that these goals can be achieved by building a superconducting hot-electron nanobolometer. Its design eliminates the energy exchange between hot electrons and the leads by blocking electron outdiffusion and photon emission. The thermal conductance between hot electrons and the thermal bath, controlled by electron–phonon interactions, becomes very small at low temperatures (10-16 WK-1 at 40 mK). These devices, with a heat capacity of 10-19 J K-1, are sufficiently sensitive to detect single terahertz photons in submillimetre astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting. |
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1748-3387 |
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576 |
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Antipov, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Smirnov, K. |
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Title |
Investigation of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in mid-IR range |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
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Volume |
781 |
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Pages |
012011 (1 to 5) |
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Keywords |
WSi, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
Spectral characteristics of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with different surface resistance and width of nanowire strips have been investigated in the wavelength range of 1.3-2.5 μm. WSi structures with narrower strips demonstrated better performance for detection of single photons in longer wavelength range. The difference in normalized photon count rate for such structures reaches one order of magnitude higher in comparison with structures based on NbN thin films at 2.5 μm. |
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1757-899X |
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1799 |
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Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Procedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Procedia |
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36 |
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334-337 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
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We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination. |
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1875-3892 |
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1381 |
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Author |
Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Procedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Procedia |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
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72-76 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick film. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response. |
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1875-3892 |
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1382 |
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Jiang, L.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Li, J.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Kaurova, N. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Characterization of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
587-590 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we report the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB (hot electron bolome-ter) mixer measured at 500 GHz. The quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer is cryogenically cooled bya 4-K close-cycled refrigerator. Its receiver noise temperature and conversion gain are thoroughly investigatedfor different LO pumping levels and dc biases. The lowest receiver noise temperature is found to be approxi-mately 1200 K, and reduced to about 445 K after correcting theloss of the measurement system. The stabilityof the mixer’s IF output power is also demonstrated. |
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Hangzhou, China |
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1931-7360 |
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Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium |
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1482 |
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Author |
Tretyakov, I.; Kaurova, N.; Raybchun, S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Silaev, A. A. |
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Title |
Technology for NbN HEB based multipixel matrix of THz range |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
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Volume |
195 |
Issue |
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05011 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB |
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The influence of homogeneity disorder degree of the thin superconducting NbN film across of Si wafer on characteristics of the Hot Electron Bolometers (HEB) has been investigated. Our experiments have been carried out near the superconducting transition and far below it. The high homogeneity disorder degree of the NbN film has been achieved by preparing the Si substrate surface. The fabricated HEBs all have almost identical R (T) characteristics with a dispersion of Tc and the normal resistance R300 of not more than 0.15K and 2 Ω, respectively. The quality of the devises allows us to demonstrate clearly the influence of non-equilibrium processes in the S’SS’ system on the device performance. Our fabrication technology also allows creating multiplex heterodyne and direct detector matrices based the HEB devices. |
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2100-014X |
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1318 |
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Anfertev, V.; Vaks, V.; Revin, L.; Pentin, I.; Tretyakov, I.; Goltsman, G.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
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Title |
High resolution THz gas spectrometer based on semiconductor and superconductor devices |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
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Volume |
132 |
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02001 (1 to 2) |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, detectors, THz spectroscopy |
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The high resolution THz gas spectrometer consists of a synthesizer based on Gunn generator with a semiconductor superlattice frequency multiplier as a radiation source, and an NbN hot electron bolometer in a direct detection mode as a THz radiation receiver was presented. The possibility of application of a quantum cascade laser as a local oscillator for a heterodyne receiver which is based on an NbN hot electron bolometer mixer is shown. The ways for further developing of the THz spectroscopy were outlined. |
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2100-014X |
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1328 |
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Lobanov, Y. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Khabibullin, R. A.; Shchavruk, N. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Silaev, A. A. |
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Characterization of the THz quantum cascade laser using fast superconducting hot electron bolometer |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
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195 |
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04004 (1 to 2) |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB, QCL |
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2100-014X |
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3rd International Conference “Terahertz and Microwave Radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications” (TERA-2018) |
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1808 |
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Shurakov, A.; Seliverstov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Finkel, M.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Input bandwidth of hot electron bolometer with spiral antenna |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol. |
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2 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
400-405 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB bolometers bandwidth, log-spiral antenna |
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We report the results of our study of the input bandwidth of hot electron bolometers (HEB) embedded into the planar log-spiral antenna. The sensitive element is made of the ultrathin superconducting NbN film patterned as a bridge at the feed of the antenna. The contacts between the antenna and a sensitive element are made from in situ deposited gold (i.e., deposited over NbN film without breaking vacuum), which gives high quality contacts and makes the response of the HEB at higher frequencies less affected by the RF loss. An accurate experimental spectroscopic procedure is demonstrated that leads to the confirmation of the wide ( 8 THz) bandwidth in this antenna coupled device. |
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2156-342X |
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1161 |
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Author |
Krause, S.; Mityashkin, V.; Antipov, S.; Gol’tsman, G.; Meledin, D.; Desmaris, V.; Belitsky, V.; Rudziński, M. |
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Title |
Reduction of phonon escape time for nbn hot electron bolometers by using gan buffer layers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
53-59 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
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In this paper, we investigated the influence of the GaN buffer layer on the phonon escape time of phonon-cooled hot electron bolometers (HEBs) based on NbN material and compared our findings to conventionally employed Si substrate. The presented experimental setup and operation of the HEB close to the critical temperature of the NbN film allowed for the extraction of phonon escape time in a simplified manner. Two independent experiments were performed at GARD/Chalmers and MSPU on a similar experimental setup at frequencies of approximately 180 and 140 GHz, respectively, and have shown reproducible and consistent results. By fitting the normalized IF measurement data to the heat balance equations, the escape time as a fitting parameter has been deduced and amounts to 45 ps for the HEB based on Si substrate as in contrast to a significantly reduced escape time of 18 ps for the HEB utilizing the GaN buffer layer under the assumption that no additional electron diffusion has taken place. This study indicates a high phonon transmissivity of the NbN-to-GaN interface and a prospective increase of IF bandwidth for HEB made of NbN on GaN buffer layers, which is desirable for future THz HEB heterodyne receivers. |
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2156-3446 |
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1330 |
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