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	Author	Murphy, A.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Gol'tsman, G.; Bezryadin, A.
	Title	Three temperature regimes in superconducting photon detectors: quantum, thermal and multiple phase-slips as generators of dark counts			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Sci. Rep.	Abbreviated Journal	Sci. Rep.
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	10174 (1 to 10)
	Keywords	SPD, SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We perform measurements of the switching current distributions of three w approximately 120 nm wide, 4 nm thick NbN superconducting strips which are used for single-photon detectors. These strips are much wider than the diameter of the vortex cores, so they are classified as quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D). We discover evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling by observing the saturation of the standard deviation of the switching distributions at temperatures around 2 K. We analyze our results using the Kurkijarvi-Garg model and find that the escape temperature also saturates at low temperatures, confirming that at sufficiently low temperatures, macroscopic quantum tunneling is possible in quasi-2D strips and can contribute to dark counts observed in single photon detectors. At the highest temperatures the system enters a multiple phase-slip regime. In this range single phase-slips are unable to produce dark counts and the fluctuations in the switching current are reduced.
	Address	Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:25988591; PMCID:PMC4437302			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1344
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	Author	Gol’tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Seleznev, V.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.
	Title	Middle-infrared ultrafast superconducting single photon detector			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE	Abbreviated Journal	32nd IRMW / 15th ICTE
	Volume		Issue		Pages	115-116
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present the results of the research on quantum efficiency of the ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) in the wavelength rage from 1 mum to 5.7 mum. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of ~1 % at 5.7 mum wavelength with the SSPD made from 4-nm-thick NbN film. In a pursuit of further performance improvement we endeavored SSPD fabricating from 4-nm-thick MoRe film as an alternative material. The MoRe film exhibited transition temperature of 7.7K, critical current density at 4.2 K temperature was 1.1times10 6 A/cm 2 , and diffusivity 1.73 cmVs. The single-photon response was observed with MoRe SSPD at 1.3 mum wavelength with quantum efficiency estimated to be 0.04%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1246
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	Author	Мошкова, М. А.; Дивочий, А. В.; Морозов, П. В.; Золотов, Ф. И.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В.
	Title	Высокоэффективные NBN однофотонные детекторы с разрешением числа фотонов			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт.	Abbreviated Journal	Сборн. науч. труд. VII международн. конф. по фотонике и информац. опт.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	400-401
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Разработаны и исследованы сверхпроводниковые однофотонные детекторы, способные к разрешению до 3-х фотонов в коротком импульсе излучения и имеющие квантовую эффективность детектирования одиночных фотонов ~60% на длине волны lambda=1.55 мкм. Проведенная модернизация технологии изготовления детекторов, позволила получить приемные устройства с мультифотонной квантовой эффективностью, приближающейся к расчетным значениям.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-7262-2445-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	УДК 535(06)+004(06)			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1250
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	Author	Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Divochiy, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Superconducting single-photon nanostructured detectors for advanced optical applications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proc. Symposium on Photonics Technologies for 7th Framework Program	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	400	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on NbN thin-film nanostructures and operated at liquid helium temperatures. The SSPDs are made of ultrathin NbN films (2.5-4 nm thick, Tc= 9-11K) as meander-shaped nanowires covering the area of 10× 10 µm2. Our detectors are operated at the temperature well below the critical temperature Tc and are DC biased by a current Ib close to the meander critical current Ic. The operation principle of the detector is based on the use of the resistive region in a narrow ultra-thin superconducting stripe upon the absorption of an incident photon. The developed devices demonstrate high sensitivity and response speed in a broadband range from UV to mid-IR (up to 6 µm), making them very attractive for advanced optical technologies, which require efficient detectors of single quanta and low-density optical radiation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ chulkova2006superconducting			Serial	1021
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	Author	Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
	Title	Infrared and terahertz detectors on basis of superconducting nanostructures			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microwave and Telecom. Technol. (CriMiCo), 20th Int. Crimean Conf.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	823-824
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, HEB
	Abstract	Results of development of single-photon receiving systems of visible, infrared and terahertz range based on thin-film superconducting nanostructures are presented. The receiving systems are produced on the basis of superconducting nanostructures, which function by means of hot-electron phenomena.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	IEEE
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnov2010infrared			Serial	1025
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	Author	Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Phys. Procedia	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Procedia
	Volume	36	Issue		Pages	72-76
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick ﬁlm. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1875-3892	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1382
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	Author	Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A. A.; Finkel, M. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Chulkova, G. M.; Voronov, B. M.
	Title	Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter			Type	Abstract
	Year	2010	Publication	35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, HEB
	Abstract	We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-2027	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ goltsman2010superconducting			Serial	1028
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	Author	Елезов, М. С.; Корнеев, А. А; Дивочий, А. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н.
	Title	Сверхпроводящие однофотонные детекторы с разрешением числа фотонов			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Науч. сессия МИФИ	Abbreviated Journal	Науч. сессия МИФИ
	Volume		Issue		Pages	47-58
	Keywords	PNR SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-5-7262-1042-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	УДК 533.14(06)+004.056(06) Фотоника и информационная оптика			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ елезов2009сверхпроводящие			Serial	1029
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	Author	Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Fiore, Andrea; Gaggero, Alessandro; Mattioli, Francesco; Leoni, Roberto; Divochiy, Aleksander; Gol'tsman, Gregory
	Title	Photon-number-resolution at telecom wavelength with superconducting nanowires			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2010	Publication	IntechOpen	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ marsiliphoton			Serial	1036
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	Author	Minaeva, O.; Fraine, A.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sergienko, A.
	Title	High resolution optical time-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII	Abbreviated Journal	Frontiers in Opt. 2012/Laser Sci. XXVIII
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Fw3a.39
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, Photodetectors; Fiber characterization; Light beams; Optical time domain reflectometry; Photon counting; Single mode fibers; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	We discuss the advantages and limitations of single-photon optical time-domain reflectometry with superconducting single-photon detectors. The higher two-point resolution can be achieved due to superior timing performance of SSPDs in comparison with InGaAs APDs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1237
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	Author	Takemoto, K.; Nambu, Y.; Miyazawa, T.; Sakuma, Y.; Yamamoto, T.; Yorozu, S.; Arakawa, Y.
	Title	Quantum key distribution over 120 km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Sci. Rep.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	14383
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD applications, quantum key distribution, QKD
	Abstract	Advances in single-photon sources (SPSs) and single-photon detectors (SPDs) promise unique applications in the field of quantum information technology. In this paper, we report long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) by using state-of-the-art devices: a quantum-dot SPS (QD SPS) emitting a photon in the telecom band of 1.5 μm and a superconducting nanowire SPD (SNSPD). At the distance of 100 km, we obtained the maximal secure key rate of 27.6 bps without using decoy states, which is at least threefold larger than the rate obtained in the previously reported 50-km-long QKD experiment. We also succeeded in transmitting secure keys at the rate of 0.307 bps over 120 km. This is the longest QKD distance yet reported by using known true SPSs. The ultralow multiphoton emissions of our SPS and ultralow dark count of the SNSPD contributed to this result. The experimental results demonstrate the potential applicability of QD SPSs to practical telecom QKD networks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1104
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	Author	Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.
	Title	Superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors capable of photon number resolving			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Supercond. News Forum	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond. News Forum
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	PNR SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present our latest generation of ultra-fast superconducting NbN single-photon detectors (SSPD) capable of photon-number resolving (PNR). The novel SSPDs combine 10 μm x 10 μm active area with low kinetic inductance and PNR capability. That resulted in significantly reduced photoresponse pulse duration, allowing for GHz counting rates. The detector’s response magnitude is directly proportional to the number of incident photons, which makes this feature easy to use. We present experimental data on the performance of the PNR SSPDs. These detectors are perfectly suited for fibreless free-space telecommunications, as well as for ultra-fast quantum cryptography and quantum computing.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Reference No. ST34, paper # 012307, eventually not pulished (skipped) at https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/0953-2048/21/1			Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevsuperconducting			Serial	1046
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	Author	Ozhegov, R.; Elezov, M.; Kurochkin, Y.; Kurochkin, V.; Divochiy, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Quantum key distribution over 300			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Proc. SPIE	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPIE
	Volume	9440	Issue		Pages	1F (1 to 9)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD applicatins, quantum key distribution, QKD
	Abstract	We discuss the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302 km by Superconducting Single- Photon Detectors (SSPDs). Because of the excellent characteristics and the possibility to be effectively coupled to singlemode optical fiber many applications of the SSPD have already been reported. The most impressive one is the quantum key distribution (QKD) over 250 km distance. This demonstration shows further possibilities for the improvement of the characteristics of quantum-cryptographic systems such as increasing the bit rate and the quantum channel length, and decreasing the quantum bit error rate (QBER). This improvement is possible because SSPDs have the best characteristics in comparison with other single-photon detectors. We have demonstrated the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302.5 km with superconducting single-photon detectors. The advantage of an autocompensating optical scheme, also known as “plugandplay” for quantum key distribution, is high stability in the presence of distortions along the line. To increase the distance of quantum key distribution with this optical scheme we implement the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD). At the 5 MHz pulse repetition frequency and the average photon number equal to 0.4 we measured a 33 bit/s quantum key generation for a 101.7 km single mode ber quantum channel. The extremely low SSPD dark count rate allowed us to keep QBER at 1.6% level.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SPIE	Place of Publication		Editor	Orlikovsky, A. A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegov2014quantum			Serial	1048
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	Author	Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Slivinskaya, E. V.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Single-photon detectors for the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum based on NbN nanostructures			Type	Abstract
	Year	2009	Publication	Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	863-864
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types ofdetectors [1, 2] and their use both in fundamental and applied studies [3–6]. In this paper, wepresent the results of the development and fabrication of receiving systems for the visible andinfrared parts of the spectrum optimised for use in telecommunication systems and quantumcryptography.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Moscow, Russia	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnovsession			Serial	1050
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	Author	Driessen, E. F. C.; Braakman, F. R.; Reiger, E. M.; Dorenbos, S. N.; Zwiller, V.; de Dood, M. J. A.
	Title	Impedance model for the polarization-dependent optical absorption of superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	47	Issue		Pages	10701
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We measured the single-photon detection efficiency of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors as a function of the polarization state of the incident light for different wavelengths in the range from 488 nm to 1550 nm. The polarization contrast varies from ~% at 488 nm to~0% at 1550 nm, in good agreement with numerical calculations. We use an optical-impedance model to describe the absorption for polarization parallel to the wires of the detector. For the extremely lossy NbN material, the absorption can be kept constant by keeping the product of layer thickness and filling factor constant. As a consequence, the maximum possible absorption is independent of filling factor. By illuminating the detector through the substrate, an absorption efficiency of ~0% can be reached for a detector on Si or GaAs, without the need for an optical cavity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	RPLAB @ alex_kazakov @			Serial	1062
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