Records |
Author |
Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixerss—a new technology for low-noise THz receivers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
47 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
12 |
Pages |
2519-2527 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
New advances in hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers have recently resulted in record-low receiver noise temperatures at terahertz frequencies. We have developed quasi-optically coupled NbN HEB mixers and measured noise temperatures up to 2.24 THz, as described in this paper. We project the anticipated future performance of such receivers to have even lower noise temperature and local-oscillator power requirement as well as wider gain and noise bandwidths. We introduce a proposal for integrated focal plane arrays of HEB mixers that will further increase the detection speed of terahertz systems. |
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1557-9670 |
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1560 |
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Blagosklonskaya, L. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Elant’ev, A. I. |
Title |
Effect of a strong magnetic field on the spectrum of donors in InSb |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. Semicond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. Semicond. |
Volume |
11 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
12 |
Pages |
1395-1397 |
Keywords |
InSb, spectrum of donors, strong magnetic field |
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1725 |
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Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer as element of thermal imager matrix |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
36 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
11 |
Pages |
1006-1008 |
Keywords |
HEB mixers |
Abstract |
The possibility of using a matrix of sensitive elements on a 12-mm-diameter hyperhemispherical lens in a thermal imager operating in the terahertz range has been studied. Dimensions of a lens region acceptable for arrangement of the matrix, in which the receiver noise temperature varies within 16% of the mean value, are determined to be 3.3% of the lens diameter. Deviations of the main lobe of the directivity pattern are evaluated, which amount to ±1.25° relative to the direction toward the optimum position of a mixer. The fluctuation sensitivity of the receiver measured in experiment is 0.5 K at a frequency of 300 GHz. |
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1063-7850 |
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1390 |
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Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I. |
Title |
Frequency bandwidth and conversion loss of a semiconductor heterodyne receiver with phonon cooling of two-dimensional electrons |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Semicond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Semicond. |
Volume |
44 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
11 |
Pages |
1427-1429 |
Keywords |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures mixers |
Abstract |
The temperature and concentration dependences of the frequency bandwidth of terahertz heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors based on hot electron phenomena with phonon cooling of two-dimensional electrons have been measured by submillimeter spectroscopy with a high time resolution. At a temperature of 4.2 K, the frequency bandwidth at a level of 3 dB (f 3 dB) is varied from 150 to 250 MHz with a change in the concentration n s according to the power law f 3dB ∝ n −0.5 s due to the dominant contribution of piezoelectric phonon scattering. The minimum conversion loss of the semiconductor heterodyne detector is obtained in structures with a high carrier mobility (μ > 3 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 4.2 K). |
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1063-7826 |
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Полоса и потери преобразования полупроводникового смесителя с фононным каналом охлаждения двумерных электронов |
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1216 |
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Author |
Polyakova, O. N.; Tikhonov, V. V.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Boyarskii, D. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Dielectric characteristics of ore minerals in a 10–40 GHz frequency range |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tech. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
34 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
11 |
Pages |
967-970 |
Keywords |
ore minerals, complex permittivity, sphalerite, magnetite, labradorite |
Abstract |
A new approach to investigation of the complex dielectric permittivity of both nonmetallic and ore minerals in the microwave frequency range is proposed. Using this approach, data on the complex permittivity of sphalerite, magnetite, and labradorite in a 10–40 GHz frequency range have been obtained for the first time. A method is proposed for calculating the complex permittivity from experimentally measured frequency dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of a plane-parallel plate of a given mineral. Approximate expressions that can be used for calculations of the complex refractive index and permittivity of minerals are presented. |
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1063-7850 |
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no |
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Serial |
1406 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Steinke, R.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δdetector for far‐infrared radiation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume |
72 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
11 |
Pages |
5496-5499 |
Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
Abstract |
We report on a picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δ detector for far‐infrared radiation. The detector, consisting of a current carrying structure cooled to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far‐infrared laser in the frequency range from 25 to 215 cm−1. We found that the sensitivity (1 mV/W) was almost constant in this frequency range. We estimated a noise equivalent power of less than 5×10−7 W Hz−1/2. Taking into account the results of a mixing experiment (in the frequency range from 4 to 30 cm−1) we suggest that the response time of the detector was few picoseconds. |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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1668 |
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Author |
Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer: overview of recent results |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
6 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10-12 |
Pages |
649-655 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
The paper presents an overview of recent results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers. The noise temperature of the receivers based on both quasioptical and waveguide versions of HEB mixer has crossed the level of 1 K·GHz−1 at 430 GHz (410 K) and 600–650 GHz (480 K) and is close to this level at 820 GHz (1100 K) and 900 GHz (980 K). The gain bandwidth measured for quasioptical HEB mixer at 620 GHz reached 4 GHz and the noise temperature bandwidth was almost 8 GHz. Local oscillator power requirements are about 1 μW for mixers made by photolithography and are about 100 nW for mixers made by e-beam lithography. The studies in terahertz receivers based on HEB superconducting mixers now present a dynamic, rapidly developing field. |
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0964-1807 |
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1564 |
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Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
Title |
Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
90 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10 |
Pages |
101110 (1 to 3) |
Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density.
This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. |
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0003-6951 |
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no |
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1433 |
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Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D. |
Title |
9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7‐δ thin film |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
68 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
10 |
Pages |
1418-1420 |
Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
Abstract |
Hot‐electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 μm infrared radiation from two lasers in high‐quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to ∼150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be ∼25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The HEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range. |
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0003-6951 |
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no |
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1613 |
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Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I. |
Title |
Concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of submillimeter heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs nanostructures |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. |
Volume |
74 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1 |
Pages |
100-102 |
Keywords |
2DEG AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, THz heterodyne detectors, IF bandwidth |
Abstract |
The concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with 2D electron gas is measured using submillimeter spectroscopy with high time resolution at T= 4.2 K. The intermediate frequency bandwidth f3dBfalls from 245 to 145 MHz with increasing concentration of 2D electrons n s = (1.6-6.6) × 10[su11] cm-2. The dependence f3dB ≈ n s – 0.04±is observed in the studied concentration range; this dependence is determined by electron scattering by the deformation potential of acoustic phonons and piezoelectric scattering. |
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1062-8738 |
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no |
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1217 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Nonthermal mixing mechanism in a diffusion-cooled hot-electron detector |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume |
87 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1 |
Pages |
502-510 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, nonthermal |
Abstract |
We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron detector fabricated from clean superconducting material with low transition temperature. The distinctive feature of a clean material, i.e., material with large electron mean free path, is a relatively weak inelastic electron scattering that is not sufficient for the establishment of an elevated thermodynamic electron temperature when the detector is subjected to irradiation. We propose an athermal model of a diffusion-cooled detector that relies on suppression of the superconducting energy gap by the actual dynamic distribution of excess quasiparticles. The resistive state of the device is caused by the electric field penetrating into the superconducting bridge from metal contacts. The dependence of the penetration length on the energy gap delivers the detection mechanism. The sources of the electric noise are equilibrium fluctuations of the number of thermal quasiparticles and frequency dependent shot noise. Using material parameters typical for A1, we evaluate performance of the device in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have a noise temperature of a few quantum limits and a bandwidth of a few tens of GHz, while the required local oscillator power is in the μW range due to ineffective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies. |
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0021-8979 |
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1558 |
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Smirnov, K. V.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Energy relaxation of two-dimensional electrons in the quantum Hall effect regime |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
JETP Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
JETP Lett. |
Volume |
71 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1 |
Pages |
31-34 |
Keywords |
2DEG, GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures |
Abstract |
The mm-wave spectroscopy with high temporal resolution is used to measure the energy relaxation times τe of 2D electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in magnetic fields B=0–4 T under quasi-equilibrium conditions at T=4.2 K. With increasing B, a considerable increase in τe from 0.9 to 25 ns is observed. For high B and low values of the filling factor ν, the energy relaxation rate τ −1e oscillates. The depth of these oscillations and the positions of maxima depend on the filling factor ν. For ν>5, the relaxation rate τ −1e is maximum when the Fermi level lies in the region of the localized states between the Landau levels. For lower values of ν, the relaxation rate is maximum at half-integer values of τ −1e when the Fermi level is coincident with the Landau level. The characteristic features of the dependence τ −1e (B) are explained by different contributions of the intralevel and interlevel electron-phonon transitions to the process of the energy relaxation of 2D electrons. |
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0021-3640 |
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http://jetpletters.ru/ps/899/article_13838.shtml (“Энергетическая релаксация двумерных электронов в области квантового эффекта Холла”) |
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1559 |
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Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Ultrafast photoresponse of a structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film to ultrashort FIR laser pulses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
3 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1 |
Pages |
2160-2162 |
Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
Abstract |
The authors have investigated the photoinduced voltage response of a current-carrying structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film to ultrashort far-infrared (FIR) laser pulses in the frequency range from 0.7 THz to 7 THz. The detector has shown an almost constant sensitivity of 1 mV/W and a noise equivalent power of less than 5*10/sup -7/ W/ square root Hz. The temperature dependence of the decay time of the detector signal was studied for temperatures around the transition temperature of the film ( approximately 80 K). For a detector temperature where dR/dT had its maximum, the authors observed bolometric signals with decay times of about 2 ns, and for lower temperatures they observed nonbolometric signals with decay times of approximately 120 ps; the duration of the nonbolometric signals was limited by the time resolution of the electronic registration equipment. |
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no |
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Serial |
1658 |
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Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Non-equilibrium quasiparticle response to radiation and bolometric effect in YBaCuO films |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
3 |
Issue ![sorted by Issue field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1 |
Pages |
2132-2135 |
Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB detectors |
Abstract |
The voltage photoresponse of structured current biased YBCO films on different substrates to 20-ps laser pulses of 0.63- mu m and 1.54- mu m wavelengths and to continuously modulated radiation of 2-mm wavelength is measured to temperatures around Tc. Fast picosecond decay of the response to pulsed radiation is followed by slow exponential relaxation with a nanosecond characteristic time depending on the substrate material and film dimensions. The slow component does not depend on wavelength and is attributed to the bolometric effect, while the magnitude of the fast component associated with nonequilibrium response rises with wavelength. More than an order-of-magnitude increase of the nonequilibrium response is seen from near-infrared to millimeter-wave range. This dependence plausibly reflects the low efficiency of multiplication of photoexcited electrons in YBaCuO compared to conventional superconductors. |
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1558-2515 |
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no |
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1659 |
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Author |
Merkel, H. F.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Kollberg, E. L.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Noise temperature and absorbed LO power measurement methods for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies |
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Conference Article |
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1998 |
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Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. |
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Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. |
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1 |
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Pages |
294-299 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
In this paper the absorbed LO power requirements and the noise performance of NbN based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers are investigated for RF frequencies in the 0.55-1.1 range The minimal measured DSB noise temperatures are about 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The increase in noise temperature at 1.1THz is attributed to water absorption. The absorbed LO power is measured using a calorimetric approach. The results are subsequently corrected for lattice heating. These values are compared to results of a novel one dimensional hot spot mixer models and to a more traditional isotherm method which tends to underestimate the absorbed LO power for small bias powers. Typically a LO power between 50nW and 100nW is needed to pump the device to the optimal operating point. |
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28th European Microwave Conference |
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1580 |
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