Records |
Author |
Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, Roman; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. |
Title |
Detection efficiency of large-active-area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
4687-4689 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE |
Abstract |
We report our studies on spectral sensitivity of meander-type, superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPDs), characterized by GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons and negligible dark counts. Our SPDs exhibit experimentally determined quantum efficiencies ranging from ∼0.2% at the 1.55 μm wavelength to ∼70% at 0.4 μm. Spectral dependences of the detection efficiency (DE) at the 0.4 to 3.0-μm-wavelength range are presented. The exponential character of the DE dependence on wavelength, as well as its dependence versus bias current, is qualitatively explained in terms of superconducting fluctuations in our ultrathin, submicron-width superconducting stripes. The DE values of large-active-area NbN SPDs in the visible range are high enough for modern quantum communications. |
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no |
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Serial |
331 |
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Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K. |
Title |
Superconducting quantum detector for astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
201-210 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, SQD, superconducting quantum detectors, X-ray spectroscopy |
Abstract |
We propose the novel concept of ultra-sensitive energy-dispersive superconducting quantum detectors prospective for applications in astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, such detector may allow realizing background limited noise equivalent power 10−21 W Hz−1/2 in the terahertz range when exposed to 4-K background radiation or counting of 6-keV photon with almost 10—4 energy resolution. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of elementary detectors into a detector array. |
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Naples, Italy |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Boston, MA |
Editor |
Pekola, J.; Ruggiero, B.; Silvestrini, P. |
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978-1-4615-0737-6 |
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International Workshop on Superconducting Nano-Electronics Devices, May 28-June 1, 2001 |
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no |
Call Number |
semenov2002superconducting |
Serial |
1525 |
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Author |
Sclafani, M.; Marksteiner, M.; Keir, F. M. L.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Arndt, M. |
Title |
Sensitivity of a superconducting nanowire detector for single ions at low energy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Nanotechnol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanotechnol. |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
065501 (1 to 5) |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single ion detector, SSID, SNSID |
Abstract |
We report on the characterization of a superconducting nanowire detector for ions at low kinetic energies. We measure the absolute single-particle detection efficiency eta and trace its increase with energy up to eta = 100%. We discuss the influence of noble gas adsorbates on the cryogenic surface and analyze their relevance for the detection of slow massive particles. We apply a recent model for the hot-spot formation to the incidence of atomic ions at energies between 0.2 and 1 keV. We suggest how the differences observed for photons and atoms or molecules can be related to the surface condition of the detector and we propose that the restoration of proper surface conditions may open a new avenue for SSPD-based optical spectroscopy on molecules and nanoparticles. |
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Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
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English |
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0957-4484 |
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PMID:22248823 |
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no |
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1380 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Vodolazov, D.; Hübers, H.-W. |
Title |
Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Volume |
116 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
043906 (1 to 9) |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, TaN |
Abstract |
A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond the cut-off quasi-particle diffusion in combination with spontaneous, thermally activated vortex crossing explains the detection process. For both materials, the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales linearly with the wire width where the scaling factor agrees with the hot-spot detection model. |
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0021-8979 |
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no |
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1357 |
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Author |
Zolotov, P.; Semenov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
A comparison of VN and NbN thin films towards optimal SNSPD efficiency |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1-4 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, WSi |
Abstract |
Based on early phenomenological ideas about the operation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD or SNSPD), it was expected that materials with a lower superconducting gap should perform better in the IR range. The plausibility of this concept could be checked using two popular SSPD materials – NbN and WSi films. However, these materials differ strongly in crystallographic structure (polycrystalline B1 versus amorphous), which makes their dependence on disorder different. In our work we present a study of the single-photon response of SSPDs made from two disordered B1 structure superconductors – vanadium nitride and niobium nitride thin films. We compare the intrinsic efficiency of devices made from films with different sheet resistance values. While both materials have a polycrystalline structure and comparable diffusion coefficient values, VN films show metallic behavior over a wide range of sheet resistance, in contrast to NbN films with an insulator-like temperature dependence of resistivity, which may be partially due to enhanced Coulomb interaction, leading to different starting points for the normal electron density of states. The results show that even though VN devices are more promising in terms of theoretical predictions, their optimal performance was not reached due to lower values of sheet resistance. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1223 |
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Author |
Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Pavlov, S.; Semenov, A.; Köhler, R.; Mahler, L.; Tredicucci, A.; Beere, H.; Ritchie, D.; Linfield, E. |
Title |
Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Optics Express |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
5890-5896 |
Keywords |
QCL heterodyne, 6 mW at 2.5 THz, HEB mixer, terahertz |
Abstract |
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers have been investigated with respect to their performance as a local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. The beam profile has been measured and transformed in to a close to Gaussian profile resulting in a good matching between the field patterns of the quantum cascade laser and the antenna of a superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer. Noise temperature measurements with the hot electron bolometer and a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser yielded the same result as with a gas laser as local oscillator. |
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no |
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627 |
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Author |
Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A. |
Title |
Quantum detection by current carrying superconducting film |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Volume |
351 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
349-356 |
Keywords |
quantum detection, phase slip centers, quasiparticle diffusion |
Abstract |
We describe a novel quantum detection mechanism in the superconducting film carrying supercurrent. The mechanism incorporates growing normal domain and breaking of superconductivity by the bias current. A single photon absorbed in the film creates transient normal spot that causes redistribution of the current and, consequently, increase of the current density in superconducting areas. When the current density exceeds the critical value, the film switches into resistive state and generates the voltage pulse. Analysis shows that a submicron-wide film of conventional low temperature superconductor operated in liquid helium may detect single far-infrared photon. The amplitude and duration of the voltage pulse are in the millivolt and picosecond range, respectively. The quantitative model is presented that allows simulation of the detector utilizing this detection mechanism. |
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0921-4534 |
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no |
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Serial |
507 |
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Author |
Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Kuzmin, A.; Doerner, S.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Charaev, I.; Vodolazov, D. |
Title |
Timing jitter in photon detection by straight superconducting nanowires: Effect of magnetic field and photon flux |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
Volume |
98 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
134504 (1 to 14) |
Keywords |
SNSPD, NbN namowires |
Abstract |
We studied the effects of the external magnetic field and photon flux on timing jitter in photon detection by straight superconducting NbN nanowires. At two wavelengths 800 and 1560 nm, statistical distribution in the appearance times of photon counts exhibits Gaussian shape at small times and an exponential tail at large times. The characteristic exponential time is larger for photons with smaller energy and increases with external magnetic field while variations in the Gaussian part of the distribution are less pronounced. Increasing photon flux drives the nanowire from the discrete quantum detection regime to the uniform bolometric regime that averages out fluctuations of the total number of nonequilibrium electrons created by the photon and drastically reduces jitter. The difference between standard deviations of Gaussian parts of distributions for these two regimes provides the measure for the strength of electron-number fluctuations; it increases with the photon energy. We show that the two-dimensional hot-spot detection model explains qualitatively the effect of magnetic field. |
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ISSN |
2469-9950 |
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no |
Call Number |
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1842 |
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Author |
Murphy, A.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Gol'tsman, G.; Bezryadin, A. |
Title |
Three temperature regimes in superconducting photon detectors: quantum, thermal and multiple phase-slips as generators of dark counts |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Sci. Rep. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Rep. |
Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
10174 (1 to 10) |
Keywords |
SPD, SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We perform measurements of the switching current distributions of three w approximately 120 nm wide, 4 nm thick NbN superconducting strips which are used for single-photon detectors. These strips are much wider than the diameter of the vortex cores, so they are classified as quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D). We discover evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling by observing the saturation of the standard deviation of the switching distributions at temperatures around 2 K. We analyze our results using the Kurkijarvi-Garg model and find that the escape temperature also saturates at low temperatures, confirming that at sufficiently low temperatures, macroscopic quantum tunneling is possible in quasi-2D strips and can contribute to dark counts observed in single photon detectors. At the highest temperatures the system enters a multiple phase-slip regime. In this range single phase-slips are unable to produce dark counts and the fluctuations in the switching current are reduced. |
Address |
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:25988591; PMCID:PMC4437302 |
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no |
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1344 |
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Author |
Semenov, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Engel, A.; Gol’tsman, G. |
Title |
Superconducting quantum detector for far infrared astronomy |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop |
Abbreviated Journal |
Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
3-49 |
Keywords |
SQD |
Abstract |
We present the concept of the superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. Response to a single absorbed photon appears due to successive formation of a normal spot and phase-slip-centres in a narrow strip carrying sub-critical supercurrent. The detector simultaneously has a moderate energy resolution and a variable cut-off wavelength depending on both the material used and operation conditions. We simulated performance of the background-limited direct detector having the 100-micrometer cut-off wavelength. Low dark count rate will allow to realise 10-21 W Hz-1/2 noise equivalent power at 4 K background radiation. The detection mechanism provides a moderate 1/20 energy resolution at 50-micrometer wavelength. |
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NASA |
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Editor |
Wolf, J.; Farhoomand, J.; McCreight, C.R. |
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NASA CP |
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Volume: 211408 |
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no |
Call Number |
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1538 |
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Author |
Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
New generation of nanowire NbN superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
323-326 |
Keywords |
SSPD |
Abstract |
We present a break-through approach to mid-infrared single-photon detection based on nanowire NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD). Although SSPD became a mature technology for telecom wavelengths (1.3-1.55 μm) its further expansion to mid-infrared wavelength was hampered by low sensitivity above 2 μm. We managed to overcome this limit by reducing the nanowire width to 50 nm, while retaining high superconducting properties and connecting the wires in parallel to produce a voltage response of sufficient magnitude. The new device exhibits 10 times better quantum efficiency at 3.5 μm wavelength than the “standard” SSPD. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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644 |
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Author |
Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Optical single photon detection in micron-scaled NbN bridges |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
arXiv |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
SSPD |
Abstract |
We demonstrate experimentally that single photon detection can be achieved in micron-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 μm to 5.15 μm and for photon-wavelengths from 408 nm to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50 % of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on nanometer scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modelling based on the theory of non-equilibrium superconductivity including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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Duplicated as 1303 |
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no |
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1312 |
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Lobanov, Y. V.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Semenov, A. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. |
Title |
Heterodyne spectroscopy with superconducting single-photon detector |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
EPJ Web Conf. |
Volume |
132 |
Issue |
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Pages |
01005 |
Keywords |
SSPD mixer, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We demonstrate successful operation of a Superconducting Single Photon Detector (SSPD) as the core element in a heterodyne receiver. Irradiating the SSPD by both a local oscillator power and signal power simultaneously, we observed beat signal at the intermediate frequency of a few MHz. Gain bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector single pulse width, where the latter depends on the detector kinetic inductance, determined by the superconducting nanowire length. |
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2100-014X |
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no |
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1205 |
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Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Coherent detection of weak signals with superconducting nanowire single photon detector at the telecommunication wavelength |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
Volume |
10229 |
Issue |
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Pages |
0G (1 to 12) |
Keywords |
SSPD mixer, SNSPD, coherent detection, weak signal detection, superconducting nanostructures |
Abstract |
Achievement of the ultimate sensitivity along with a high spectral resolution is one of the frequently addressed problems, as the complication of the applied and fundamental scientific tasks being explored is growing up gradually. In our work, we have investigated performance of a superconducting nanowire photon-counting detector operating in the coherent mode for detection of weak signals at the telecommunication wavelength. Quantum-noise limited sensitivity of the detector was ensured by the nature of the photon-counting detection and restricted by the quantum efficiency of the detector only. Spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique and was defined by the linewidth and stability of the Local Oscillator (LO). Response bandwidth was found to coincide with the detector’s pulse width, which, in turn, could be controlled by the nanowire length. In addition, the system noise bandwidth was shown to be governed by the electronics/lab equipment, and the detector noise bandwidth is predicted to depend on its jitter. As have been demonstrated, a very small amount of the LO power (of the order of a few picowatts down to hundreds of femtowatts) was required for sufficient detection of the test signal, and eventual optimization could lead to further reduction of the LO power required, which would perfectly suit for the foreseen development of receiver matrices and the need for detection of ultra-low signals at a level of less-than-one-photon per second. |
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Spie |
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Editor |
Prochazka, I.; Sobolewski, R.; James, R.B. |
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Photon counting applications |
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no |
Call Number |
10.1117/12.2267724 |
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1201 |
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Author |
Dryazgov, M.; Semenov, A.; Manova, N.; Korneeva, Y.; Korneev, A. |
Title |
Modelling of normal domain evolution after single-photon absorption of a superconducting strip of micron width |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
1695 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012195 (1 to 4) |
Keywords |
SSPD modelling, SNSPD |
Abstract |
The present paper describes a modelling of normal domain evolution in superconducting strip of micron width using solving differential equations describing the temperature and current changes. The solving results are compared with experimental data. This comparison demonstrates the high accuracy of the model. In future, it is possible to employ this model for improvement of single photon detector based on micron-scale superconducting strips. |
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1742-6588 |
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1785 |
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