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| Author | Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Sergienko, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | High speed infrared photon counting with photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | CLEO/Europe – EQEC | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/Europe – EQEC |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords  |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | A review of development and characterization of the nanostructures consisting of several meander sections, all connected in parallel was presented. Such geometry leads to a significant decrease of the kinetic inductance, without a decrease of the SSPD active area. A new type of SSPDs possess the QE of large-active- area devices, but, simultaneously, allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate. This new generation of superconducting detectors has another significant advantage for quantum key distribution, they have a photon number resolving capability and can distinguish more photons. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1399 | |||
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| Author | Mohan, N.; Minaeva, O.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Nasr, M. B.; Saleh, B. E.; Sergienko, A. V.; Teich, M. C. | ||||
| Title | Photon-counting optical coherence-domain reflectometry using superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 22 | Pages | 18118-18130 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We consider the use of single-photon counting detectors in coherence-domain imaging. Detectors operated in this mode exhibit reduced noise, which leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate the possibility of using superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for optical coherence-domain reflectometry (OCDR). These detectors are sensitive over the full spectral range that is useful for carrying out such imaging in biological samples. With counting rates as high as 100 MHz, SSPDs also offer a high rate of data acquisition if the light flux is sufficient. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. nm82@bu.edu | ||||
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| ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:18958090 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1407 | |||
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| Author | Nasr, M. B.; Minaeva, O.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Saleh, B. E.; Teich, M. C. | ||||
| Title | Submicron axial resolution in an ultrabroadband two-photon interferometer using superconducting single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 15104-15108 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We generate ultrabroadband biphotons via the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a quasi-phase-matched nonlinear grating that has a linearly chirped poling period. Using these biphotons in conjunction with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), we measure the narrowest Hong-Ou-Mandel dip to date in a two-photon interferometer, having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 5.7 fsec. This FWHM corresponds to a quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) axial resolution of 0.85 µm. Our results indicate that a high flux of nonoverlapping biphotons may be generated, as required in many applications of nonclassical light. | ||||
| Address | Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Physics, Quantum Imaging Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. boshra@bu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:18795048 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1408 | |||
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| Author | Sáysz, Wojciech; Guziewicz, Marek; Bar, Jan; Wegrzecki, Maciej; Grabiec, Piotr; Grodecki, Remigiusz; Wegrzecka, Iwona; Zwiller, Val; Milosnaya, Irina; Voronov, Boris; Gol’tsman, Gregory; Kitaygorsky, Jen; Sobolewski, Roman | ||||
| Title | Superconducting NbN nanostructures for single photon quantum detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Proc. 7-th Int. Conf. Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and Electrons | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 7-th Int. Conf. Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and Electrons |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 160 | ||
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Practical quantum systems such as quantum communication (QC) or quantum measurement systems require detectors with high speed, high sensitivity, high quantum efficiency (QE), and short deadtimes along with precise timing characteristics and low dark counts. Superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin meander type NbN nanostripes (operated at T=2-5K) are a new and highly promising type of devices fulfilling above requirements. In this paper we present results of the SSPDs nanostructure technological optimization. The base for our detector is thin-film (4nm) NbN layer deposited on 350- P m-thick sapphire substrate The active element of the detector is a meander- nanostructure made of 4-nm-thick and 100-nm-wide NbN stripe, covering 10 u 10 P m 2 area with the filling factor ~0,5. The NbN superconducting films were deposited on sapphire substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering whereas the meander element of the detector was patterned by the direct electron-beam lithography followed by reactive-ion etching. To enhance the SSPD efficiency at Ȝ = 1.55 P m, we have performed an approach to increase the absorption of the detector by integrating it with optical resonant cavity. An optical microcavity optimized for absorption of 1.55 P m photons was designed as an one-mirror resonator consisting of a Ȝ/4 dielectric layer and a metallic mirror. The microcavity was deposited on the top of the NbN SSPD meander. The resonator was formed by the dielectric SiO 2 layer and metal mirror made of gold or palladium. Microcavity layers were deposited using a magnetron sputtering system. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1409 | |||
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| Author | Jukna, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Perlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Dynamics of hotspot formation in nanostructured superconducting stripes excited with single photons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Acta Physica Polonica A | Abbreviated Journal | Acta Physica Polonica A |
| Volume | 113 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 955-958 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Dynamics of a resistive hotspot formation by near-infrared-wavelength single photons in nanowire-type superconducting NbN stripes was investigated. Numerical simulations of ultrafast thermalization of photon-excited nonequilibrium quasiparticles, their multiplication and out-diffusion from a site of the photon absorption demonstrate that 1.55 μm wavelength photons create in an ultrathin, two-dimensional superconducting film a resistive hotspot with the diameter which depends on the photon energy, and the nanowire temperature and biasing conditions. Our hotspot model indicates that under the subcritical current bias of the 2D stripe, the electric field penetrates the superconductor at the hotspot boundary, leading to suppression of the stripe superconducting properties and accelerated development of a voltage transient across the stripe. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1414 | |||
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| Author | Dauler, E. A.; Robinson, B. S.; Kerman, A. J.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, E. K. M.; Anant, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Berggren, K. K. | ||||
| Title | Multi-element superconducting nanowire single-photon detector | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 279-284 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | A multi-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector (MESNSPD) is presented that consists of multiple independently-biased superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) elements that form a continuous active area. A two-element SNSPD has been fabricated and tested, showing no measurable crosstalk between the elements, sub-50-ps relative timing jitter, and four times the maximum counting rate of a single SNSPD with the same active area. The MESNSPD can have a larger active area and higher speed than a single-element SNSPD and the input optics can be designed so that the detector provides spatial, spectral or photon number resolution. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1428 | |||
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| Author | Zinoni, C.; Alloing, B.; Li, L. H.; Marsili, F.; Fiore, A.; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Single-photonics at telecom wavelengths using nanowire superconducting single photon detectors | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | QTuF6 (1 to 2) | ||
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Novel single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures promise orders-of- magnitude improvement over InGaAs APDs. We demonstrate this improved performance for the first time by measuring the g(2)(τ) on single photon states produced by a quantum dot at telecom wavelength. | ||||
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| Publisher | Optical Society of America | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Zinoni:07 | Serial | 1432 | ||
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| Author | Kerman, A. J.; Dauler, E. A.; Yang, J. K. W.; Rosfjord, K. M.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. | ||||
| Title | Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 90 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 101110 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density. This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract No. FA8721-05-C-0002. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1433 | |||
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| Author | Słysz, W.; Węgrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Zwiller, V.; Latta, C.; Bohi, P.; Milostnaya, I.; Minaeva, O.; Antipov, A.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Komissarov, I.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. | ||||
| Title | Fiber-coupled single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures for practical quantum cryptography and photon-correlation studies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume | 88 | Issue | 26 | Pages | 261113 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We have fabricated and tested a two-channel single-photon detector system based on two fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our best device reached the system quantum efficiency of 0.3% in the 1540-nm telecommunication wavelength with a fiber-to-detector coupling factor of about 30%. The photoresponse consisted of 2.5-ns-wide voltage pulses with a rise time of 250ps and timing jitter below 40ps. The overall system response time, measured as a second-order, photon cross-correlation function, was below 400ps. Our SSPDs operate at 4.2K inside a liquid-helium Dewar, but their optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs are at room temperature. Our two-channel detector system should find applications in practical quantum cryptography and in antibunching-type quantum correlation measurements. The authors would like to thank Dr. Marc Currie for his assistance in early time-resolved photoresponse measurements and Professor Atac Imamoglu for his support. This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science under Project No. 3 T11B 052 26 (Warsaw), RFBR 03-02-17697 and INTAS 03-51-4145 grants (Moscow), CRDF Grant No. RE2-2531-MO-03 (Moscow), RE2-2529-MO-03 (Moscow and Rochester), and US AFOSR FA9550-04-1-0123 (Rochester). Additional funding was provided by the grants from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory and BBN Technologies Corp. |
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| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1449 | |||
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| Author | Rosfjord, K. M.; Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E. A.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Kerman, A. J.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. | ||||
| Title | Increased detection efficiencies of nanowire single-photon detectors by integration of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | CLEO/QELS | Abbreviated Journal | CLEO/QELS |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | JTuF2 (1 to 2) | ||
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We fabricate and test superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating. We design the cavity and coating such as to maximize absorption in the NbN film of the detector. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | 2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1452 | |||
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| Author | Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Slysz, W. | ||||
| Title | Superconducting nanostructures for counting of single photons in the infrared range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Proc. 2-nd CAOL | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 2-nd CAOL |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 100-103 | |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We present our studies on ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs are patterned by electron beam lithography from 4-nm thick NbN film into meander-shaped strips covering square area of 10/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The advances in the fabrication technology allowed us to produce highly uniform 100-120-nm-wide strips with meander filling factor close to 0.6. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, an avalanche of excited hot electrons and the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient response across the superconducting nanostrip. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but they have shown that their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. For 1.55 /spl mu/m photons, QE was /spl sim/20% and decreases exponentially with the increase of the optical wavelength, but even at the wavelength of 6 /spl mu/m the detector remains sensitive to single photons and exhibits QE of about 10/sup -2/%. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2 /spl times/ 10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, what makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in the noise equivalent power (NEP) as low as 10/sup -18/ WHz/sup -1/2/ for the mid-infrared range (6 /spl mu/m). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for the other, lower-T/sub c/ superconductors with the narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticle diffusivity. The use of such materials will shift the cutoff wavelength towards the values even longer than 6 /spl mu/m. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | Second International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers | ||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1461 | |||
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| Author | Корнеева, Ю. П.; Трифонов, А. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В.; Корнеев, А. А.; Рябчун, С. А.; Третьяков, И. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. | ||||
| Title | Расчет согласующего оптического резонатора для сверхпроводникового нанополоскового детектора | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Преподаватель ХХI век | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 3 | Pages | 225-227 | |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | В статье произведен расчет резонатора, предназначенного для согласования сверхпроводникового нанополоскового однофотонного детектора с оптическим сигналом. Показано, что для детектора, выполненного из пленки с типичным сопротивлением квадрата 500 Ом и коэффициентом заполнения 0.5 коэффициент согласования с излучением, поляризованным параллельно полоскам детектора, достигает величины около 60%. | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1823 | |||
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| Author | Murphy, A.; Semenov, A.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Gol'tsman, G.; Bezryadin, A. | ||||
| Title | Three temperature regimes in superconducting photon detectors: quantum, thermal and multiple phase-slips as generators of dark counts | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Sci. Rep. | Abbreviated Journal | Sci. Rep. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | 10174 (1 to 10) | |
| Keywords |
SPD, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | We perform measurements of the switching current distributions of three w approximately 120 nm wide, 4 nm thick NbN superconducting strips which are used for single-photon detectors. These strips are much wider than the diameter of the vortex cores, so they are classified as quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D). We discover evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling by observing the saturation of the standard deviation of the switching distributions at temperatures around 2 K. We analyze our results using the Kurkijarvi-Garg model and find that the escape temperature also saturates at low temperatures, confirming that at sufficiently low temperatures, macroscopic quantum tunneling is possible in quasi-2D strips and can contribute to dark counts observed in single photon detectors. At the highest temperatures the system enters a multiple phase-slip regime. In this range single phase-slips are unable to produce dark counts and the fluctuations in the switching current are reduced. | ||||
| Address | Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:25988591; PMCID:PMC4437302 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1344 | |||
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| Author | Gupta, D.; Kadin, A. M. | ||||
| Title | Single-photon-counting hotspot detector with integrated RSFQ readout electronics | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 4487-4490 |
| Keywords |
RSFQ, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Absorption of an infrared photon in an ultrathin film (such as 10-nm NbN) creates a localized nonequilibrium hotspot on the submicron length scale and sub-ns time scale. If a strip /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m wide is biased in the middle of the superconducting transition, this hotspot will lead to a resistance pulse with amplitude proportional to the energy of the incident photon. This resistance pulse, in turn, can be converted to a current pulse and inductively coupled to a SQUID amplifier with a digitized output, operating at 4 K or above. A preliminary design analysis indicates that this data can be processed on-chip, using ultrafast RSFQ digital circuits, to obtain a sensitive infrared detector for wavelengths up to 10 /spl mu/m and beyond, with bandwidth of 1 GHz, that counts individual photons and measures their energy with 25 meV resolution. This proposed device combines the speed of a hot-electron bolometer with the single-photon-counting ability of a transition-edge microcalorimeter, to obtain an infrared detector with sensitivity, speed, and spectral selectivity that are unmatched by any alternative technology. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1080 | |||
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| Author | Elezov, M. S.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Makarov, V.; Vinogradov, E. A.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R. | ||||
| Title | Development of the experimental setup for investigation of latching of superconducting single-photon detector caused by blinding attack on the quantum key distribution system | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | EPJ Web Conf. | Abbreviated Journal | EPJ Web Conf. |
| Volume | 132 | Issue | Pages | 01004 (1 to 2) | |
| Keywords |
QKD, SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
| Abstract | Recently bright-light control of the SSPD has been demonstrated. This attack employed a “backdoor” in the detector biasing scheme. Under bright-light illumination, SSPD becomes resistive and remains “latched” in the resistive state even when the light is switched off. While the SSPD is latched, Eve can simulate SSPD single-photon response by sending strong light pulses, thus deceiving Bob. We developed the experimental setup for investigation of a dependence on latching threshold of SSPD on optical pulse length and peak power. By knowing latching threshold it is possible to understand essential requirements for development countermeasures against blinding attack on quantum key distribution system with SSPDs. | ||||
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| ISSN | 2100-014X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1327 | |||
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