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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mirskii, G. I. |
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Title |
Submillimeter backward-wave-tube spectrometer-relaxometer |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
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30 |
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4 |
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131-137 |
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BWO, applications |
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A backward-wave-tube (BWT) spectrometer-relaxometer is described that is designed for study of the relaxation characteristics of photoconductors in the wavelength range of 2-0.25 mm – in particular, to measure the relaxation times of the submillimeter photoconductivity of germanium in the range of 10[sup:-4]-10[sup:-9] sec and to determine from these data the concentration of compensating impurities of from 10[sup:10] to 10[sup:14] cm[sup:-3]. The instrument uses the beats of the oscillations of two BWTs and records the amplitude-frequency response of the specimen with variation of the beat frequency from 10[sup:4] to 10[sup:8] Hz with accumulation of the desired signal for less than or equal to1 sec by means of a quadrature synchronous detector. The beat frequency is stabilized and the quadrature voltages of the synchronous detector are formed by means of phase-locked loops. |
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1699 |
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Гершензон, Е. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Елантьев, А. И.; Кагане, М. Л.; Мултановский, В. В.; Птицина, Н. Г. |
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Применение субмиллиметровой ЛОВ спектроскопии для определения химической природы и концентрации примесей в чистых полупроводниках |
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1983 |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
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17 |
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8 |
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1430-1437 |
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BWO spectroscopy, pure semiconductors, residual impurities |
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Duplicated as 1714 |
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1712 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
Submillimeter backward wave tube spectrometer for measuring superconducting film transmission |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
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26 |
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5 |
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134-137 |
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BWO spectroscopy, spectrometer, transmission |
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A spectrometer employing six backward wave tubes is described. It is intended for investigation of superconductors in the 0.2-3 mm range of wave lengths. During the measurement of the transmission spectrum it is possible to determine the energy gap for superconduct1ng films 50 to 4000 A thick. The transmission factor can vary from 10-1 to 10-9. Spectrum of relation of film transmission factors in superconducting and normal states is measured for determining the energy gap 2 Δ. The transmission spectrum obtained by means of a computer for vanadium film 300 A thick is given as an example. The energy gap 2 Δ = 1.4 MeV |
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0032-8162 |
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Субмиллиметровый спектрометр с лампами обратной волны для измерения пропускания сверхпроводниковых пленок |
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1713 |
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Blagosklonskaya, L. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'ev, A. I. |
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Effect of a high magnetic field on the spectrum of donors in InSb |
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1977 |
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Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov |
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11 |
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12 |
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2373-2375 |
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InSb, energy spectrum, donors, high magnetic field |
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Воздействие сильного магнитного поля на спектр доноров в InSb |
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1729 |
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Pentin, Ivan; Finkel, Matvey; Maslennikov, Sergey; Vakhtomin, Yuri; Smirnov, Konstantin; Kaurova, Nataliya; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixers for the mid-IR |
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2017 |
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Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rus. J. Radio Electron. |
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10 |
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IR NbN HEB mixers |
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The work presents the result of development of the NbN superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer. The sensitive element of the mixer is directly coupled to mid-IR radiation, and doesn’t have planar metallic antenna. Investigations of noise characteristics of NbN HEB mixer were performed at the frequency 28.4 THz (λ = 10.6 µm) by using gas-discharge CW CO2-laser without consideration of optical and electrical losses in the heterodyne receiver. The noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer with the size of the sensitive element 10 µm × 10 µm was 2320 K (~ 1.5hν/kB) at the heterodyne frequency of 28.4 THz. The noise temperature was determined by measuring the Y-factor taking into account the term which describes fluctuations of zero-point oscillations in accordance with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of Calle-Welton. Isothermal method was used to estimate the absorbed heterodyne radiation power which was 9 µW at the optimal operating point for the minimum noise temperature of NbN HEB mixer. |
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1684-1719 |
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http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/oct17/9/abstract.html (Russian) Гетеродинный приемник со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на эффекте электронного разогрева для среднего инфракрасного диапазона |
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1747 |
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Гершензон, Е. М.; Грачев, С. А.; Литвак-Горская, Л. Б. |
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Механизм преобразования частоты в n-InSb-смесителе |
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1991 |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
Abbreviated Journal |
Физика и техника полупроводников |
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25 |
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11 |
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1986-1998 |
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n-InSb mixer |
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Проведено комплексное исследование n-InSb смесителя на λ=2.6 мм, включающее в себя исследование вольт-амперных характеристик при E=0−2 В/см, температурной зависимости проводимости в диапазоне T=1.6−20 K, высокочастотной проводимости при f=0.5−10 МГц и магнитосопротивления при H=0−5 кЭ. Показано, что в оптимальном режиме механизм преобразования частоты связан с фотоионизационными процессами при прыжковой фотопроводимости (ПФП). На основе модели ПФП рассчитан коэффициент преобразования смесителя и произведено сопоставление его с экспериментом. Показана несостоятельность модели преобразования частоты в компенсированном n-InSb (K≥0.8), основанной на разогреве электронов. Обсуждены требования к параметрам материала и режимам n-InSb смесителя миллиметрового диапазона волн. |
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1753 |
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Банная, В. Ф.; Веселова, Л. И.; Гершензон, Е. М.; Гусинский, Э. Н.; Литвак-Горская, Л. Б. |
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Оценка точности метода определения раздельной концентрации примесей из измерений постоянной Холла |
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1990 |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
Abbreviated Journal |
Физика и техника полупроводников |
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24 |
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12 |
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2145-2150 |
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Hall constant, concentration of impurities, p-Si |
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На примере p-Si⟨B,\,Ga⟩ с различной степенью компенсации проведена сравнительная оценка точности определения раздельной концентрации примесей по температурной зависимости концентрации дырок p(T) в случае одной и двух легирующих примесей с энергиями ионизации, различающимися менее чем в 2 раза. Исследована функция среднеквадратичного отклонения в пространстве параметров D(Nк, N2) (Nк, N1 и N2 — концентрации компенсирующих примесей бора и галлия соответственно, N2≫N1) в предположении, что N2, энергии B и Ga известны. Показано, что в случае двух легирующих примесей D(Nк, N1) в окрестностях минимума имеет «овражный» рельеф и при некоторых соотношениях между Nк и N1 разброс искомых величин превышает порядок, причем увеличение точности измерений p(T) существенного улучшения в вычислении параметров не дает. При одной легирующей примеси точность вычисления параметров высокая. |
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1754 |
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Воеводин, Е. И.; Гершензон, Е. М.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Птицина, Н. Г. |
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Влияние магнитного поля на захват свободных носителей мелкими примесями в Ge |
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1990 |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
Abbreviated Journal |
Физика и техника полупроводников |
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24 |
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10 |
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1881-1883 |
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impurities, photoconductivity, Ge, capture of free carriers, magnetic field |
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Цель настоящей работы — измерение кинетики примесной фотопроводимости в квантующих магнитных полях. |
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1755 |
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Гальперин, Ю. М.; Гершензон, Е. М.; Дричко, И. Л.; Литвак-Горская, Л. Б. |
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Кинетические явления в компенсированном n-InSb при низких температурах |
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1990 |
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Физика и техника полупроводников |
Abbreviated Journal |
Физика и техника полупроводников |
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24 |
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1 |
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3-24 |
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compensated n-InSb, impurities |
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Представлен обзор результатов цикла исследований природы электропроводности предельно очищенных образцов антимонида индия n-типа. Рассмотрены способы определения концентрации доноров и степени компенсации в этом материале, обсуждается роль свободных и локализованных на донорах электронов в электропроводности при гелиевых температурах. Обсуждение основано на анализе результатов исследования гальваномагнитных явлений, поглощения СВЧ излучения миллиметрового и субмиллиметрового диапазонов и ультразвука. Рассмотрены способы определения характеристик материала на основе комплекса результатов, полученных с помощью указанных методов. Обсуждается также фотопроводимость по примесям в n-InSb. |
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1756 |
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Neroev, V. V.; Iomdina, E. N.; Khandzhyan, A. T.; Khodzhabekyan, N. V.; Sengaeva, M. D.; Ivanova, A. V.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Experimental study of the effect of corneal hydration and its biomechanical properties on the results of photorefractive keratectomy |
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2021 |
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Vestn. Oftalmol. |
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Vestn. Oftalmol. |
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137 |
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3 |
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68-75 |
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THz scanning, cornea, photorefractive keratectomy, medicine |
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Water content in the cornea may affect the outcome of its excimer laser ablation, especially in presbyopic patients with myopic refraction. This hypothesis can be tested by scanning the cornea in the terahertz (THz) range to determine its hydration level.
Purpose: To study the effect of hydration of the cornea determined by non-contact THz scanning and its biomechanical parameters on the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in an experiment.
Material and methods: PRK was performed using the Nidek EC-5000 QUEST excimer laser on 8 rabbit eyes. Corneal hydration was evaluated by determining the reflection coefficient (RC) in the THz electromagnetic radiation range before PRK, after 3-5 days, and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Clinical examination included autorefractometry, assessment of corneal thickness and other anatomical and optical parameters of the anterior eye segment (Galilei G6, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG 6.0.2, Switzerland), measurement of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, USA), as well as tear production (Schirmer test).
Results: The initial water content in the cornea has a significant effect on the thickness of the removed layer, i.e. on the PRK effect, with correlation coefficient of Rs= -0.976 (p<0.01). The correlation between CH and the ablation depth is less pronounced (Rs=0.643), and CRF had no correlation with it (Rs= -0.089). Biomechanical indicators of the cornea depend on its hydration: changes in CH and CRF after excimer laser ablation qualitatively coincide with changes in RC, the correlation coefficient between RC and the initial value of CH is R= -0.619 (moderate negative correlation).
Conclusion: THz scanning is an effective non-contact technology for monitoring corneal hydration level. The mismatch of the hypoeffect of keratorefractive excimer laser intervention planned for patients with presbyopia with the actual outcome can be caused by individual decrease in the initial water content in the cornea. |
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