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Rabanus, D.; Graf, U. U.; Philipp, M.; Ricken, O.; Stutzki, J.; Vowinkel, B.; Wiedner, M. C.; Walther, C.; Fischer, M.; Faist, J. |
Title |
Phase locking of a 1.5 terahertz quantum cascade laser and use as a local oscillator in a heterodyne HEB receiver |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Optics Express |
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17 |
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3 |
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1159-1168 |
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QCL heterodyne, 300 uW at 1.5 THz, HEB mixer |
Abstract |
We demonstrate for the first time the closure of an electronic phase lock loop for a continuous–wave quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 1.5 THz. The QCL is operated in a closed cycle cryo cooler. We achieved a frequency stability of better than 100 Hz, limited by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyser. The PLL electronics make use of the intermediate frequency (IF) obtained from a hot electron bolometer (HEB) which is downconverted to a PLL IF of 125 MHz. The coarse selection of the longitudinal mode and the fine tuning is achieved via the bias voltage of the QCL. Within a QCL cavity mode, the free-running QCL shows frequency fluctuations of about 5 MHz, which the PLL circuit is able to control via the Stark–shift of the QCL gain material. Temperature dependent tuning is shown to be nonlinear, and of the order of -16 MHz/K. Additionally we have used the QCL as local oscillator (LO) to pump an HEB and perform, again for the first time at 1.5 THz, a heterodyne experiment, and obtain a receiver noise temperature of 1741 K. |
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628 |
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Walther, Christoph; Scalari, Giacomo; Faist, Jerome; Beere, Harvey; Ritchie, David |
Title |
Low frequency terahertz quantum cascade laser operating from 1.6 to 1.8 THz |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
89 |
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Pages |
231121(1-3) |
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QCL, 360 uW at 1.6 THz |
Abstract |
The authors report a GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As quantum cascade laser based on a bound-to-continuum transition optimized for low frequency operation. High tunability of the gain curve is achieved by the Stark effect and laser emission is measured between 1.6 and 1.8 THz. Pulsed mode operation up to 95 K and continuous wave operation up to 80 K are reported. The dynamical range in current is as high as 43%. |
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629 |
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Author |
Sekine, Norihiko; Hosako, Iwao |
Title |
Intensity modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers under external light injection |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
95 |
Issue |
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Pages |
201106(1-3) |
Keywords |
QCL modulation, THz, terahertz |
Abstract |
We investigated the light-current characteristics of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers under external light injection, which excites interband transitions in the active materials. It was found that the amount of reduction in the THz power was constant for all injection currents above threshold, and the dependence of the reduction amount on the wavelength of the external light was observed to show a resonancelike feature. The dominant intensity modulation mechanism was found to be the loss change caused by interband transitions in the active region. Further, the effective coupling efficiency plays an important role in the intensity modulation. |
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630 |
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Kumar, Sushil; Chan, Chun Wang I.; Hu, Qing; Reno, John L. |
Title |
A 1.8-THz quantum cascade laser operating significantly above the temperature of hw/k |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
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Nature Physics |
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7 |
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166-171 |
Keywords |
QCL, 2 mW at 155 K and 1.8 THz |
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Several competing technologies continue to advance the field of terahertz science; of particular importance has been the development of a terahertz semiconductor quantum cascade laser (QCL), which is arguably the only solid-state terahertz source with average optical power levels of much greater than a milliwatt. Terahertz QCLs are required to be cryogenically cooled and improvement of their temperature performance is the single most important research goal in the field. Thus far, their maximum operating temperature has been empirically limited to ~planckω/kB, a largely inexplicable trend that has bred speculation that a room-temperature terahertz QCL may not be possible in materials used at present. Here, we argue that this behaviour is an indirect consequence of the resonant-tunnelling injection mechanism employed in all previously reported terahertz QCLs. We demonstrate a new scattering-assisted injection scheme to surpass this limit for a 1.8-THz QCL that operates up to ~1.9planckω/kB (163 K). Peak optical power in excess of 2 mW was detected from the laser at 155 K. This development should make QCL technology attractive for applications below 2 THz, and initiate new design strategies for realizing a room-temperature terahertz semiconductor laser. |
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631 |
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Author |
Williams, Benjamin S. |
Title |
Terahertz quantum-cascade lasers |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
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Nature Photonics |
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1 |
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517-525 |
Keywords |
QCL review |
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Six years after their birth, terahertz quantum-cascade lasers can now deliver milliwatts or more of continuous-wave coherent radiation throughout the terahertz range — the spectral regime between millimetre and infrared wavelengths, which has long resisted development. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and future prospects for these lasers, including efforts to increase their operating temperatures, deliver higher output powers and emit longer wavelengths. |
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632 |
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