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Author |
Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H.-W.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Development of terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proc. 6th European Conf. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6th European Conf. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
181 |
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Pages |
2960-2965 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We present recent results of the development of phonon cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers for airborne and balloon borne terahertz heterodyne receivers. Three iomportant issues have been addresses: the quality of NbN films the HEB mixers were made from, the spectral properties of the HEB mixers and the local oscillator power required for optical operation. Studies with an atomic force microscope indicate, that the performance of the HEB mixer might have been effected by the microstructure of the NbN film. Antenna gain and noise temperature were investigated at terahertz frequencies for a HEB embedded in either log-spiral or twin-slot feed antenna. Comparison suggests that at frequencies above 3 THz the spiral feed provides better overall performance. At 1.6 THz, a power of 2.5 µW was required from the local oscillator for optimal operation of the HEB mixer. |
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Sorrento, Italy |
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0750309814, 978-0750309813 |
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1505 |
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Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, H.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, W.; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, C.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Electron. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Electron. Lett. |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
1086-1088 |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications |
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The 3.5 nm thick-film, meander-structured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been implemented in the CMOS circuit-testing system based on the detection of near-infrared photon emission from switching transistors and have significantly improved the performance of the system. Photon emissions from both p- and n-MOS transistors have been observed. |
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0013-5194 |
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1512 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H. F.; Kollberg, E. L.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
1.4- to 1.7-THz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for the Herschel space observatory |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
4855 |
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361-370 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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NbN hot- electron bolometer mixers have reached the level of 10hv/k in terms of the input noise temperature with the noise bandwidth of 4-6 GHz from subMM band up to 2.5 THz. In this paper we discuss the major characteristics of this kind of receiver, i.e. the gain and the noise bandwidth, the noise temperature in a wide RF band, bias regimes and optimisation of RF coupling to the quasioptical mixer. We present the status of the development of the mixer for Band 6 Low for Herschel Telescope. |
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SPIE |
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Phillips, T.G.; Zmuidzinas, J. |
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Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy |
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1521 |
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Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Title |
Phonon cooled far-infrared hot electron bolometer mixer |
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Abstract |
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2002 |
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NASA/ADS |
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NASA/ADS |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum-limited sensitivity. At frequencies above 1.4 THz superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) can be used to achieve this goal. We present results of the development of a quasi-optical phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA. Different mixers with logarithmic spiral and double slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern at several frequencies between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 16 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. This performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for FIR heterodyne receivers. |
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Monterey, CA |
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Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop, 1-3 April 2002 |
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1534 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
2.5 THz heterodyne receiver with NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
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372-376 |
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448-453 |
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NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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We describe a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver for applications in astronomy and atmospheric research. The receiver employs a superconducting NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer mixer and an optically pumped far-infrared gas laser as local oscillator. 2200 K double sideband mixer noise temperature was measured at 2.5 THz across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. The total conversion losses were 17 dB. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring the methanol line in emission. Observed pressure broadening confirms the true heterodyne detection regime of the mixer. |
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0921-4534 |
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1526 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
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Title |
1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
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372-376 |
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427-431 |
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NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz. |
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0921-4534 |
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1527 |
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Loudkov, D.; Khosropanah, P.; Cherednichenko, S.; Adam, A.; MerkeI, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Broadband fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) measurements of spiral and double-slot planar antennas at THz frequencies |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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373-369 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The direct responses of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, integrated with different planar antennas, are measured, using Fourier Transform Spectrometer (F1S). One spiral antenna and several double slot antennas, designed for 0.6, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.5 THz central frequencies, are investigated. The Optimization of the measurement set-up is discussed in terms of the beam splitter and the F11S-to-HEB coupling. The result shows that the spiral antenna is circular polarized and has a bandwidth of about 2 THz. The frequency bands of double slot antennas show some shift from the design values and their relative bandwidth increases by increasing the design frequency. The antenna responses do not depend on the HEB bias point and temperature, as long as the device is in the resistive state. |
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1530 |
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Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Title |
Ultrafast NBN hot-electron single-photon detectors for electronic applications |
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Abstract |
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2002 |
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Abstracts 8-th IUMRS-ICEM |
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Abstracts 8-th IUMRS-ICEM |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present a new, simple to manufacture, single-photon detector (SPD), which can work from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths of optical radiation and combines high speed of operation, high quantum efficiency (QE), and very low dark counts. The devices are superconducting and operate at temperature below 5 K. The physics of operation of our SPD is based on formation of a photon-induced resistive hotspot and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconductor. |
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8th IUMRS International Conference on Electronic Materials |
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1532 |
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Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
An ultrafast NbN hot-electron single-photon detector for electronic applications |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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15 |
Issue |
12 |
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1689-1692 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts |
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We present the latest generation of our superconducting single-photon detector (SPD), which can work from ultraviolet to mid-infrared optical radiation wavelengths. The detector combines a high speed of operation and low jitter with high quantum efficiency (QE) and very low dark count level. The technology enhancement allows us to produce ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) structures that demonstrate QE hundreds of times better, at 1.55 μm, than previous 10 nm thick SPDs. The best, 10 × 10 μm2, SPDs demonstrate QE up to 5% at 1.55 μm and up to 11% at 0.86 μm. The intrinsic detector QE, normalized to the film absorption coefficient, reaches 100% at bias currents above 0.9 Ic for photons with wavelengths shorter than 1.3 μm. |
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0953-2048 |
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1533 |
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Verevkin, A.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.; Smirnov, K. S.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Direct measurements of energy relaxation times in two-dimensional structures under quasi-equilibrium conditions |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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Mater. Sci. Forum |
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Mater. Sci. Forum |
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384-3 |
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107-116 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs |
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A new microwave technique was successfully applied for direct studies of energy relaxation times in two-dimensional AlGaAs/GaAs structures under quasi-equilibrium conditions in the nanosecond and picosecond time scale. We report our results of energy relaxation time measurements in the temperature range 1.6-50 K, in quantum Hall effect regime in magnetic fields up to 4 T. |
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Materials Science Forum |
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1536 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Rönnung, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Winkler, D. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
YBa2Cu3O7−δ hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Phys. C: Supercond. |
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Phys. C: Supercond. |
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341-348 |
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2653-2654 |
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YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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We present an investigation of hot-electron bolometric mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) superconducting thin film. Mixer conversion loss, absorbed local oscillator power and intermediate frequency bandwidth was measured at the local oscillator frequency 600 GHz. The fabrication technique for nanoscale YBCO hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer integrated into planar antenna structure is described. |
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0921-4534 |
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1552 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Infrared hot-electron NbN superconducting photodetectors for imaging applications |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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12 |
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11 |
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755-758 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We report an effective quantum efficiency of 340, responsivity >200 A W-1 (>104 V W-1) and response time of 27±5 ps at temperatures close to the superconducting transition for NbN superconducting hot-electron photodetectors (HEPs) in the near-infrared and optical ranges. Our studies were performed on a few nm thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates and patterned into µm-size multibridge detector structures, incorporated into a coplanar transmission line. The time-resolved photoresponse was studied by means of subpicosecond electro-optic sampling with 100 fs wide laser pulses. The quantum efficiency and responsivity studies of our photodetectors were conducted using an amplitude-modulated infrared beam, fibre-optically coupled to the device. The observed picosecond response time and the very high efficiency and sensitivity of the NbN HEPs make them an excellent choice for infrared imaging photodetectors and input optical-to-electrical transducers for superconducting digital circuits. |
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0953-2048 |
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1562 |
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Author |
Rönnung, F.; Cherednichenko, S.; Winkler, D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
A nanoscale YBCO mixer optically coupled with a bow tie antenna |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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12 |
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11 |
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853-855 |
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YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
The bolometric response of YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) to near-infrared radiation was studied. Devices were fabricated from a 50 nm thick film and had in-plane areas of 10 × 10 µm2, 2 × 0.2 µm2, 1 × 0.2µm2 and 0.5 × 0.2 µm2. We found that nonequilibrium phonons cool down more effectively for the bolometers with smaller area. For the smallest bolometer the bolometric component in the response is 10 dB less than for the largest one. |
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0953-2048 |
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1563 |
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Tong, C. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Smith, M.; Kawamura, J.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
An all solid-state superconducting heterodyne receiver at terahertz frequencies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
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IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Microw. Guid. Wave Lett. |
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9 |
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9 |
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366-368 |
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Keywords |
waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
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A superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer-receiver operating from 1 to 1.26 THz has been developed. This heterodyne receiver employs two solid-state local oscillators each consisting of a Gunn oscillator followed by two stages of varactor frequency multiplication. The measured receiver noise temperature is 1350 K at 1.035 THz and 2700 K at 1.26 THz. This receiver demonstrates that tunable solid-state local oscillators, supplying only a few micro-watts of output power, can be used in terahertz receiver applications. |
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1051-8207 |
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1565 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Currie, M.; Lindgren, M.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Quantum efficiency and time-domain response of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3338-3341 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We report our studies on the response of ultrathin superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors. We have measured the photoresponse of few-nm-thick, micron-size structures, which consisted of single and multiple microbridges, to radiation from the continuous-wave semiconductor laser and the femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with the wavelength of 790 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The maximum responsivity was observed near the film's superconducting transition with the device optimally current-biased in the resistive state. The responsivity of the detector, normalized to its illuminated area and the coupling factor, was 220 A/W(3/spl times/10/sup 4/ V/W), which corresponded to a quantum efficiency of 340. The responsivity was wavelength independent from the far infrared to the ultraviolet range, and was at least two orders of magnitude higher than comparable semiconductor optical detectors. The time constant of the photoresponse signal was 45 ps, when was measured at 2.15 K in the resistive (switched) state using a cryogenic electro-optical sampling technique with subpicosecond resolution. The obtained results agree very well with our calculations performed using a two-temperature model of the electron heating in thin superconducting films. |
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1051-8223 |
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1566 |
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