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Author |
Saynak, UÄŸur |
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Title |
Novel rectangular spiral antennas |
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2008 |
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optical antennas |
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Round spiral antennas are generally designed by using Archimedean spiral geometries which have linear growth rates. To obtain smaller antennas with nearly the same performance, square spiral Archimedean geometries are also widely used instead. In this study, novel square antennas are proposed, designed and examined. At first two similar but different approaches are employed to design new antennas by considering the design procedure used to obtain log-periodic antennas. Then, the performance of these antennas is improved by considering another property of log-periodic antennas. Simulations are performed by using two different numerical methods which are Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) and Method of Moments (MoM). The results obtained from the simulations are compared with those of the Archimedean spiral antennas in terms of the frequency dependency of fundamental antenna parameters such as antenna gain and radiation pattern. The simulation results are compared with the ones obtained from the experimental study. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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750 |
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Author |
Bharadwaj, Palash; Deutsch, Bradley; Novotny, Lukas |
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Title |
Optical Antennas |
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2009 |
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Advances in Optics and Photonics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv. Opt. Photon |
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1 |
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438-483 |
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optical antennas |
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Optical antennas are an emerging concept in physical optics. Similar to radiowave
and microwave antennas, their purpose is to convert the energy of free propagating radiation to localized energy, and vice versa. Optical antennas exploit the unique properties of metal nanostructures, which behave as strongly coupled plasmas at ptical frequencies. The tutorial provides an account of the historical origins and the basic concepts and parameters associated with optical antennas. It also reviews recent work in the field and discusses areas of application, such as light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, and spectroscopy. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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754 |
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Author |
González, Francisco Javier; Alda, Javier; Ilic, Bojan; Boreman, Glenn D. |
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Title |
Infrared Antennas Coupled to Lithographic Fresnel Zone Plate Lenses |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Applied Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
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43 |
Issue |
33 |
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6067-6073 |
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optical antennas |
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Several designs for Fresnel zone plate lenses (FZPLs) to be used in conjunction with antenna-coupled infrared detectors have been fabricated and tested. The designs comprise square and circular FZPLs with different numbers of Fresnel zones working in transmissive or reflective modes designed to focus infrared energy on a square-spiral antenna connected to a microbolometer. A 163× maximum increase in response was obtained from a 15-zone circular FZPL in the transmissive mode. Sensor measurements of normalized detectivity D* resulted in a 2.67× increase with FZPLs compared with measurements made of square-spiral antennas without FZPLs. The experimental results are discussed and compared with values obtained from theoretical calculations. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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740 |
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Hocker, L. O.; Sokoloff, D. R.; Daneu, V.; Szoke, A.; Javan, A. |
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Frequency mixing in the infrared and far-infrared using a metal-to-metal point contact diode |
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1968 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl Phys Lett |
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12 |
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12 |
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optical antennas |
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Metalâ€toâ€metal point contact diodes were used to obtain the 54â€GHz beat notes between two adjacent 10.6â€μ CO2 laser transitions. The speed of the diodes in the farâ€infrared is at least 1000 GHz. This was tested with a 337â€μ HCN laser. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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742 |
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Author |
Gonzalez, F.J.; Ilic, B.; Alda, J.; Boreman, G.D. |
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Title |
Antenna-coupled infrared detectors for imaging applications |
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2005 |
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IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. |
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11 |
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1 |
Pages |
117 - 120 |
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optical antennas |
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Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) are a critical component in advanced infrared imaging systems. IRFPAs are made up of two parts, a detector array and a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) multiplexer. Current ROIC technology has typical pitch sizes of 20×20 to 50×50 μm2. In order to make antenna-coupled detectors suited for infrared imaging systems, two-dimensional (2-D) arrays have been fabricated that cover a whole pixel area with the penalty of increasing the noise figure of the detector and, therefore, reducing its performance. By coupling a Fresnel zone plate lens to a single element antenna-coupled detector, infrared radiation can be collected over a typical pixel area and still keep low-noise levels. A Fresnel zone plate lens coupled to a single-element square-spiral-coupled infrared detector has been fabricated and its performance compared to single element antenna-coupled detectors and 2-D arrays of antenna coupled detectors. Measurements made at 10.6 μm showed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in SNR and a ~× increase in D* as compared to 2-D arrays of antenna-coupled detectors. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
Serial |
741 |
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Author |
Xiaolong Hu; Holzwarth, C.W.; Masciarelli, D.; Dauler, E.A.; Berggren, K.K. |
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Title |
Efficiently coupling light to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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19 |
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3 |
Pages |
336-340 |
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optical antennas; SNSPD |
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We designed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with silver optical antennae for free-space coupling and a dielectric waveguide for fiber coupling. According to our finite-element simulation, (1) for the free-space coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TM-polarized photons at the wavelength of 1550 nm can be as high as 96% by adding silver optical antennae; (2) for the fiber coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TE-like-polarized photons can reach 76% including coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adding a silicon nitride waveguide and an inverse-taper coupler. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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647 |
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Author |
Kawakami, A; Saito, S.; Hyodo, M. |
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Title |
Fabrication of nano-antennas for superconducting Infrared detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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21 |
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3 |
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632-635 |
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optical antennas, NbN/MgO/NbN/TiN/Al HEB, dipole antennas, IR, infrared |
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To improve the response performance of superconducting infrared detectors, we have developed a fabrication process for nano-antennas. A nano-antenna consists of a dipole antenna, and a superconducting thin film strip placed in the antenna's center. By measuring the transition temperature of the superconducting strips, we confirmed that their superconductivity maintained a good condition after the nano-antenna fabrication process. We also evaluated nano-antenna characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluated antenna length and width were respectively set at around 2400 nm and 400 nm, and the antennas were placed at intervals of several micrometers around the area of 1 mm2 . In an evaluation of spectral transmission characteristics, clear absorption caused by antenna effects was observed at around 1400 cm-1. High polarization dependencies were also observed. |
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761 |
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Author |
González, F. J.; Boreman, G. D. |
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Title |
Comparison of dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Inf Phys & Technol |
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46 |
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5 |
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418-428 |
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optical antennas; Microbolometer; Infrared antennas; Antenna efficiency; Antenna-coupled detectors |
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Antenna-coupled microbolometers use planar lithographic antennas to couple infrared radiation into a bolometer with sub-micron dimensions. In this paper four different types of infrared antennas were fabricated on thin grounded-substrates and coupled to microbolometers. Dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antenna-coupled detectors were measured at 10.6 μm and their performance compared. A new method to calculate the radiation efficiency based on the spatial and angular response of infrared antennas is presented and used to evaluate their performance. The calculated radiation efficiency for the dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas was 20%, 37%, 25% and 46% respectively. A dipole-length study was performed and shows that the quasistatic value of the effective permittivity accurately describes the incident wavelength in the substrate at infrared frequencies for antennas on a thin substrate. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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739 |
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Kramer, B.; Chen, C-C.; Volakis, J.D. |
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Title |
The development of a mini-UWB antenna |
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2004 |
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Measurement and Techniques Association Symposium |
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AMTA |
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6 |
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optical antennas; Ultra Wide Band; Spiral Antenna, Dielectric Loading |
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There is a great interest in the automotive and military sectors for small and broadband antennas that meet modern communication needs. These needs require ultra-wide bandwidth (>10:1) UWB antennas, such as the spiral antenna. However, the physical size at the low-frequency end typically becomes too large for practical applications. To reduce the size of the antenna, miniaturization techniques must be employed such as the use of high-contrast dielectric materials. Size reduction using high-contrast materials has been demonstrated for narrowband antennas, such as patch antennas, but not for broadband antennas to our knowledge. Therefore, the concept of miniaturizing a broadband spiral antenna using dielectric materials will be investigated experimentally and numerically.Issues that arise from dielectric loading such as impedance reduction will also be addressed. It will be shown using the results from these studies that there are practical limitations to the amount of miniaturization which can be achieved. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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751 |
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Brown, E. R.; Lee, A. W. M.; Navi, B. S.; Bjarnason, J. E. |
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Title |
Characterization of a planar self-complementary square-spiral antenna in the THz region |
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2006 |
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Microwave and Optical Technology Letters |
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Microwave Opt Technol Lett |
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48 |
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3 |
Pages |
524-529 |
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optical antennas; square spiral antenna; self complementary THz; photomixing; lens; method of moments; geometric optics; physical optics |
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This paper describes a compact, self-complementary square-spiral antenna on a GaAs substrate with a broadside high-directivity (~9 dB) frequency-independent pattern when coupled through a silicon hyperhemisphere. The driving-point resistance undulates between ~00 and 300Ω from 200 GHz to 1 THz—much higher than the 72Ω value from Booker's modified formula, but quite beneficial for coupling to high-impedance broadband devices |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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736 |
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