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Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Khosropanah, P.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Terahertz superconducting hot electron bolometer heterodyne receivers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
252-258 |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
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Abstract |
We highlight the progress on NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers achieved through fruitful collaboration between SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research and Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. This includes the best receiver noise temperatures of 700 K at 1.63 THz using a twin-slot antenna mixer and 1050 K at 2.84 THz using a spiral antenna coupled HEB mixer. The mixers are based on thin NbN films on Si and fabricated with a new contact-process and-structure. By reducing their areas HEB mixers have shown an LO power requirement as low as 30 nW. Those small HEB mixers have demonstrated equivalent sensitivity as those with large areas provided the direct detection effect due to broadband radiation is removed. To manifest that a HEB based heterodyne receiver can in practice be used at arbitrary frequencies above 2 THz, we demonstrate a 2.8 THz receiver using a THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator. |
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1051-8223 |
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RPLAB @ asmirn @ |
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557 |
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Author |
Ryabchun, Sergey; Tong, Cheuk-Yu Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Stabilization scheme for hot-electron bolometer receivers using microwave radiation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
14-19 |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, Allan variance, stabilization, radiometer equation |
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We present the results of a stabilization scheme for terahertz receivers based on NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers that uses microwave radiation with a frequency much lower than the gap frequency of NbN to compensate for mixer current fluctuations. A feedback control loop, which actively controls the power level of the injected microwave radiation, has successfully been implemented to stabilize the operating point of the HEB mixer. This allows us to increase the receiver Allan time to 10 s and also improve the temperature resolution of the receiver by about 30% in the total power mode of operation. |
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1051-8223 |
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RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ |
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559 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Krieg, J.-M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Desmaris, V. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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101 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
124508 (1 to 6) |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, membrane |
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The gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on electrically thin Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was experimentally investigated and compared with that of HEB mixers on bulk substrates. A gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz is achieved on bulk silicon, whereas the gain bandwidth is reduced down to 0.6–0.9 GHz for mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. We show that application of a MgO buffer layer on the membrane extends the gain bandwidth to 3 GHz. The experimental data were analyzed using the film-substrate acoustic mismatch approach. |
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0021-8979 |
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560 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J. M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H. W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
6275 |
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Pages |
62750I (1 to 11) |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, membrane |
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A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5 µm thick Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. The gain bandwidth of the HEB mixers on Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was found to be 0.7÷0.9 GHz, which is much smaller than for similar devices on silicon. Application of buffer layers and use of alternative types of membranes (e.g. silicon-on-insulator) is under investigation. |
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561 |
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Author |
Dickert, F. L.; Haunschild, A.; Kuschow, V.; Reif, M.; Stathopulos, H. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Mass-sensitive detection of solvent vapors. Mechanistic studies on host-guest sensor principles by FT-IR spectroscopy and BET adsorption analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Analytical Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal. Chem. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1058-1061 |
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Keywords |
supramolecular recognition, quartz crystal microbalance, QCM, surface acoustic wave, SAW, mass-sensitive sensor, detector, calixarenes, MM3 force field, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller theory, BET |
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Abstract |
Chemical sensors, based on highly mass sensitive QMB or SAW devices, coated with thin layers of calixarenes, enable the detection of organic solvent vapours, especially halogenated or aromatic hydrocarbons, down to a few ppm. Force field calculations allow the tailoring of these sensor materials seeing that the predicted interaction energies between the host molecules and a large variety of analytes are linearly correlated to the measured sensor effects. These correlations and also BET adsorption analysis prove the analyte recognition properties of these calixarene coatings to be mainly based on host/guest inclusion principles. |
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0003-2700 |
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562 |
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