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Author | Sprengers, J. P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Jahanmirinejad, S.; Frucci, G.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore A. | ||||
Title | Waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 18 | Pages | 181110(1-3) |
Keywords | optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD | ||||
Abstract | The monolithic integration of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits, and single-photon detectors enables complex and scalable quantum photonic integrated circuits, for application in linear-optics quantum computing and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a key component of such a circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (~0%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (~0 ps), and response time in the ns range and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks, and modulators. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 847 | |||
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Author | Henrich, D.; Dorner,S.; Hofherr, M.; Il'in, K.; Semenov, A.; Heintze, E.; Scheffler, M.; Dressel, M.; Siegel, M. | ||||
Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. | |
Volume | 112 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, magnetron sputtering, spectrum, NbN film, nitrogen concentration | ||||
Abstract | The spectral detection efficiency and the dark count rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) have been studied systematically on detectors made from thin NbN films with different chemical compositions. Reduction of the nitrogen content in the 4 nm thick NbN films results in a decrease of the dark count rates more than two orders of magnitude and in a red shift of the cut-off wavelength of the hot-spot SNSPD response. The observed phenomena are explained by an improvement of uniformity of NbN films that has been confirmed by a decrease of resistivity and an increase of the ratio of the measured critical current to the depairing current. The latter factor is considered as the most crucial for both the cut-off wavelength and the dark count rates of SNSPD. Based on our results we propose a set of criteria for material properties to optimize SNSPD in the infrared spectral region. VC 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757625] |
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Corporate Author | D. Henrich, S. Dorner, M. Hofherr, K. Il'in, A. Semenov, E. Heintze, M. Scheffler, M. Dressel, M. Siegel | Thesis | |||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | Broadening of hot-spot response spectrum of superconducting NbN nanowire single-photon detector with reduced nitrogen content | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 877 | ||
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Author | Inderbitzin, K.; Engel, A.; Schilling, A.; Il'in, K.; Siegel, M. | ||||
Title | An ultra-fast superconducting Nb nanowire single-photon detector for soft x-rays | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. | |
Volume | 101 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, x-ray, Nb | ||||
Abstract | Although superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are well studied regarding the detection of infrared/optical photons and keV-molecules, no studies on continuous x-ray photon counting by thick-film detectors have been reported so far. We fabricated a 100 nm thick niobium x-ray SNSPD (an X-SNSPD) and studied its detection capability of photons with keV-energies in continuous mode. The detector is capable to detect photons even at reduced bias currents of 0.4%, which is in sharp contrast to optical thin-film SNSPDs. No dark counts were recorded in extended measurement periods. Strikingly, the signal amplitude distribution depends significantly on the photon energy spectrum.VC |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 878 | ||
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Author | Julia Toussaint, Roman Grüner, Marco Schubert, Torsten May, Hans-Georg Meyer, Benjamin Dietzek, Jürgen Popp, Matthias Hofherr, Matthias Arndt, Dagmar Henrich, Konstantin Il'in, and Michael Siegel | ||||
Title | Superconducting single-photon counting system for optical experiments requiring time-resolution in the picosecond range | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | AIP REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS | |
Volume | 83 | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | SSPD, picosecond, time-resolution | ||||
Abstract | We have developed a cryogenic measurement system for single-photon counting, which can be used in optical experiments requiring high time resolution in the picosecond range. The system utilizes niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors which are integrated in a timecorrelated single-photon counting (TCSPC) setup. In this work, we describe details of the mechanical design, the electrical setup, and the cryogenic optical components. The performance of the complete system in TCSPC mode is tentatively benchmarked using 140 fs long laser pulses at a repetition frequency of 75MHz. Due to the high temporal stability of these pulses, the measured time resolution of 35 ps (FWHM) is limited by the timing jitter of the measurement system. The result was crosschecked in a Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) setup, where scattered pulses from a β-barium borate crystal have been detected with the same time resolution. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ seleznev @ | Serial | 885 | ||
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Author | Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 106 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 151101 (1 to 5) |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents. W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's. The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1211 | |||
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Author | Glejm, A. V.; Anisimov, A. A.; Asnis, L. N.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Egorov, V. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Kynev, S. M.; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Rupasov, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Smirnov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kozlov, S. A. | ||||
Title | Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 78 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 171-175 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, applications | ||||
Abstract | An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described. | ||||
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ISSN | 1062-8738 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 940 | ||
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Author | Kovalyuk, V.; Hartmann, W.; Kahl, O.; Kaurova, N.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Absorption engineering of NbN nanowires deposited on silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Opt. Express | Abbreviated Journal | Opt. Express |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 22683-22692 |
Keywords | SSPD, SNSPD, NbN nanoeires, Si3N4 waveguides | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the absorption properties of U-shaped niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires atop nanophotonic circuits. Nanowires as narrow as 20nm are realized in direct contact with Si3N4 waveguides and their absorption properties are extracted through balanced measurements. We perform a full characterization of the absorption coefficient in dependence of length, width and separation of the fabricated nanowires, as well as for waveguides with different cross-section and etch depth. Our results show excellent agreement with finite-element analysis simulations for all considered parameters. The experimental data thus allows for optimizing absorption properties of emerging single-photon detectors co-integrated with telecom wavelength optical circuits. | ||||
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ISSN | 1094-4087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:24104155 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1213 | |||
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Author | Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P. | ||||
Title | Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high internal quantum efficiency at telecom wavelengths | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Sci. Rep. | Abbreviated Journal | Sci. Rep. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | 10941 (1 to 11) | |
Keywords | optical waveguides; waveguide integrated SSPD; waveguide SSPD; nanophotonics | ||||
Abstract | Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, compatibility with an integrated optical platform is a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. Here we present efficiencies close to unity at 1550nm wavelength. This allows for the SNSPDs to be operated at bias currents far below the critical current where unwanted dark count events reach milli-Hz levels while on-chip detection efficiencies above 70% are maintained. The measured dark count rates correspond to noiseequivalent powers in the 10–19W/Hz–1/2 range and the timing jitter is as low as 35ps. Our detectors are fully scalable and interface directly with waveguide-based optical platforms. | ||||
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Notes | PMID:26061283; PMCID:PMC4462017 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ | Serial | 946 | ||
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Author | Schuck, C.; Pernice, W. H. P.; Minaeva, O.; Li, Mo; Gol'tsman, G.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. | ||||
Title | Matrix of integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high timing resolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 23 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 2201007-2201007 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD, array, matrix | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate a large grid of individually addressable superconducting single photon detectors on a single chip. Each detector element is fully integrated into an independent waveguide circuit with custom functionality at telecom wavelengths. High device density is achieved by fabricating the nanowire detectors in traveling wave geometry directly on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. Our superconducting single photon detector matrix includes detector designs optimized for high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and high timing accuracy. As an example, we exploit the high timing resolution of a particularly short nanowire design to resolve individual photon round-trips in a cavity ring-down measurement of a silicon ring resonator. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1373 | |||
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Author | Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory | ||||
Title | Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | INIS | Abbreviated Journal | INIS |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1-3 |
Keywords | TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 1374 | |||
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