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Author Korneev, A. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Larionov, P. A.; Manova, N. N.; Florya, I. N.; Trifonov, A. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Smirnov, K. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title IR single-photon receiver based on ultrathin NbN superconducting film Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Rus. J. Radio Electron. Abbreviated Journal Rus. J. Radio Electron.
Volume Issue 5 Pages
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present our recent results in research and development of superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). We achieved the following performance improvement: first, we developed and characterized SSPD integrated in optical cavity and enabling its illumination from the face side, not through the substrate, second, we improved the quantum efficiency of the SSPD at around 3 μm wavelength by reduction of the strip width to 40 nm, and, finally, we improved the detection efficiency of the SSPD-based single-photon receiver system up to 20% at 1550 nm and extended its wavelength range beyond 1800 nm by the usage of the fluoride ZBLAN fibres.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes 8 pages Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevir Serial (up) 1043
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Author Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Pershin, Y. P.; Manova, N. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Sivakov, A. G.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title Superconducting single-photon detector made of MoSi film Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Supercond. Sci. Technol. Abbreviated Journal Supercond. Sci. Technol.
Volume 27 Issue 9 Pages 095012
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We fabricated and characterized nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors made of 4 nm thick amorphous Mox Si1−x films. At 1.7 K the best devices exhibit a detection efficiency (DE) up to 18% at 1.2 $\mu {\rm m}$ wavelength of unpolarized light, a characteristic response time of about 6 ns and timing jitter of 120 ps. The DE was studied in wavelength range from 650 nm to 2500 nm. At wavelengths below 1200 nm these detectors reach their maximum DE limited by photon absorption in the thin MoSi film.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IOP Publishing Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0953-2048 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ korneeva2014superconducting Serial (up) 1044
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Author Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.
Title Superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors capable of photon number resolving Type Conference Article
Year 2008 Publication Supercond. News Forum Abbreviated Journal Supercond. News Forum
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords PNR SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present our latest generation of ultra-fast superconducting NbN single-photon detectors (SSPD) capable of photon-number resolving (PNR). The novel SSPDs combine 10 μm x 10 μm active area with low kinetic inductance and PNR capability. That resulted in significantly reduced photoresponse pulse duration, allowing for GHz counting rates. The detector’s response magnitude is directly proportional to the number of incident photons, which makes this feature easy to use. We present experimental data on the performance of the PNR SSPDs. These detectors are perfectly suited for fibreless free-space telecommunications, as well as for ultra-fast quantum cryptography and quantum computing.
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
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Notes Reference No. ST34, paper # 012307, eventually not pulished (skipped) at https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/0953-2048/21/1 Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ korneevsuperconducting Serial (up) 1046
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Author Ozhegov, R.; Elezov, M.; Kurochkin, Y.; Kurochkin, V.; Divochiy, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Vachtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.; Goltsman, G.
Title Quantum key distribution over 300 Type Conference Article
Year 2014 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 9440 Issue Pages 1F (1 to 9)
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD applicatins, quantum key distribution, QKD
Abstract We discuss the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302 km by Superconducting Single- Photon Detectors (SSPDs). Because of the excellent characteristics and the possibility to be effectively coupled to singlemode optical fiber many applications of the SSPD have already been reported. The most impressive one is the quantum key distribution (QKD) over 250 km distance. This demonstration shows further possibilities for the improvement of the characteristics of quantum-cryptographic systems such as increasing the bit rate and the quantum channel length, and decreasing the quantum bit error rate (QBER). This improvement is possible because SSPDs have the best characteristics in comparison with other single-photon detectors. We have demonstrated the possibility of polarization state reconstruction and measurement over 302.5 km with superconducting single-photon detectors. The advantage of an autocompensating optical scheme, also known as “plugandplay” for quantum key distribution, is high stability in the presence of distortions along the line. To increase the distance of quantum key distribution with this optical scheme we implement the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD). At the 5 MHz pulse repetition frequency and the average photon number equal to 0.4 we measured a 33 bit/s quantum key generation for a 101.7 km single mode ber quantum channel. The extremely low SSPD dark count rate allowed us to keep QBER at 1.6% level.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Orlikovsky, A. A.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegov2014quantum Serial (up) 1048
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Author Smirnov, Konstantin; Vachtomin, Yury; Divochiy, Alexander; Antipov, Andrey; Goltsman, Gregory
Title Dependence of dark count rates in superconducting single photon detectors on the filtering effect of standard single mode optical fibers Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Appl. Phys. Express Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Express
Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 022501 (1 to 4)
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IOP Publishing Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1882-0778 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnov2015dependence Serial (up) 1049
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Author Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Pentin, I. V.; Slivinskaya, E. V.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title Single-photon detectors for the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum based on NbN nanostructures Type Abstract
Year 2009 Publication Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp. Abbreviated Journal Proc. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symp.
Volume Issue Pages 863-864
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types ofdetectors [1, 2] and their use both in fundamental and applied studies [3–6]. In this paper, wepresent the results of the development and fabrication of receiving systems for the visible andinfrared parts of the spectrum optimised for use in telecommunication systems and quantumcryptography.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Moscow, Russia Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ smirnovsession Serial (up) 1050
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Author Sidorova, Maria V.; Divochiy, Alexander; Vakhtomin, Yury B.; Smirnov, Konstantin V.
Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with reduced-size active area coupled to a tapered lensed single-mode fiber Type Conference Article
Year 2015 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9504 Issue Pages 950408 (1 to 9)
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor International Society for Optics and Photonics
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ sidorova2015ultrafast Serial (up) 1051
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Author Sidorova, Maria V.; Divochiy, Alexander V.; Vakhtomin, Yury B.; Smirnov, Konstantin V.
Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with a reduced active area coupled to a tapered lensed single-mode fiber Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication J. Nanophoton. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 093051
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract This paper presents an ultrafast niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) with an active area of 3×3  μm2 that offers better timing performance metrics than the previous SSPD with an active area of 7×7  μm2. The improved SSPD demonstrates a record timing jitter (<25  ps), an ultrashort recovery time (<2  ns), an extremely low dark count rate, and a high detection efficiency in a wide spectral range from visible part to near infrared. The record parameters were obtained due to the development of a new technique providing effective optical coupling between a detector with a reduced active area and a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber. The advantages of the new approach are experimentally confirmed by taking electro-optical measurements.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1934-2608 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes 10.1117/1.JNP.9.093051 Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ Serial (up) 1052
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Author Kitaygorsky, J.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sergeev, A.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R.
Title Origin of dark counts in nanostructured NbN single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 545-548
Keywords SSPD dark counts, SNSPD, dark counts rate
Abstract We present our study of dark counts in ultrathin (3.5 to 10 nm thick), narrow (120 to 170 nm wide) NbN superconducting stripes of different lengths. In experiments, where the stripe was completely isolated from the outside world and kept at temperature below the critical temperature Tc, we detected subnanosecond electrical pulses associated with the spontaneous appearance of the temporal resistive state. The resistive state manifested itself as generation of phase-slip centers (PSCs) in our two-dimensional superconducting stripes. Our analysis shows that not far from Tc, PSCs have a thermally activated nature. At lowest temperatures, far below Tc, they are created by quantum fluctuations.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1057
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Author Shcheslavskiy, V.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Yu.; Smirnov, K.; Becker, W.
Title Ultrafast time measurements by time-correlated single photon counting coupled with superconducting single photon detector Type Journal Article
Year 2016 Publication Rev. Sci. Instrum. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 87 Issue Pages 053117 (1 to 5)
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, TCSPC, jitter
Abstract Time resolution is one of the main characteristics of the single photon detectors besides quantum efficiency and dark count rate. We demonstrate here an ultrafast time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) setup consisting of a newly developed single photon counting board SPC-150NX and a superconducting NbN single photon detector with a sensitive area of 7 × 7 μm. The combination delivers a record instrument response function with a full width at half maximum of 17.8 ps and system quantum efficiency ~5% at wavelength of 1560 nm. A calculation of the root mean square value of the timing jitter for channels with counts more than 1% of the peak value yielded about 7.6 ps. The setup has also good timing stability of the detector–TCSPC board.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1077
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Author Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.; Mauskopf, P.
Title Concentration dependence of energy relaxation time in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions: direct measurements Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Semicond. Sci. Technol. Abbreviated Journal Semicond. Sci. Technol.
Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 025013
Keywords AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions
Abstract We present measurements of the energy relaxation time, τε, of electrons in a single heterojunction in a quasi-equilibrium state using microwave time-resolved spectroscopy at 4.2 K. We find the relaxation time has a power-law dependence on the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas, τε∝nγs with γ = 0.40 ± 0.02 for values of the carrier density, ns, from 1.6 × 1011 to 6.6 × 1011cm−2. The results are in good agreement with predictions taking into account the scattering of the carriers by both piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonons. We compare these results with indirect measurements of the energy relaxation time from energy loss measurements involving Joule heating of the electron gas.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0268-1242 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1215
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Author Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.
Title Frequency bandwidth and conversion loss of a semiconductor heterodyne receiver with phonon cooling of two-dimensional electrons Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Semicond. Abbreviated Journal Semicond.
Volume 44 Issue 11 Pages 1427-1429
Keywords 2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures mixers
Abstract The temperature and concentration dependences of the frequency bandwidth of terahertz heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors based on hot electron phenomena with phonon cooling of two-dimensional electrons have been measured by submillimeter spectroscopy with a high time resolution. At a temperature of 4.2 K, the frequency bandwidth at a level of 3 dB (f 3 dB) is varied from 150 to 250 MHz with a change in the concentration n s according to the power law f 3dB ∝ n −0.5 s due to the dominant contribution of piezoelectric phonon scattering. The minimum conversion loss of the semiconductor heterodyne detector is obtained in structures with a high carrier mobility (μ > 3 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 4.2 K).
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1063-7826 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Полоса и потери преобразования полупроводникового смесителя с фононным каналом охлаждения двумерных электронов Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1216
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Author Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.
Title Concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of submillimeter heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs nanostructures Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. Abbreviated Journal Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys.
Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 100-102
Keywords 2DEG AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, THz heterodyne detectors, IF bandwidth
Abstract The concentration dependence of the intermediate frequency bandwidth of heterodyne AlGaAs/GaAs detectors with 2D electron gas is measured using submillimeter spectroscopy with high time resolution at T= 4.2 K. The intermediate frequency bandwidth f3dBfalls from 245 to 145 MHz with increasing concentration of 2D electrons n s = (1.6-6.6) × 10[su11] cm-2. The dependence f3dB ≈ n s – 0.04±is observed in the studied concentration range; this dependence is determined by electron scattering by the deformation potential of acoustic phonons and piezoelectric scattering.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1062-8738 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1217
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Author Moshkova, M.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K.
Title Large active area superconducting single photon detector Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume 1410 Issue Pages 012139
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present development of large active area superconducting single-photon detectors well coupled with standard 50 μm-core multi-mode fiber. The sensitive area of the SSPD is patterned using the photon-number-resolving design and occupies an area of 40×40 μm2. Using this approach, we have obtained excellent specifications: system detection efficiency of 47% measured using a 900 nm laser and low dark count rate of 100 cps. The main advantages of the approach presented are a very short dead time of the detector of 22 ns and FWHM jitter value of about 130 ps.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1224
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Author Moshkova, M.; Divochiy, A.; Morozov, P.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Antipov, A.; Zolotov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Ahmetov, M.; Smirnov, K.
Title High-performance superconducting photon-number-resolving detectors with 86% system efficiency at telecom range Type Journal Article
Year 2019 Publication J. Opt. Soc. Am. B Abbreviated Journal J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages B20
Keywords NbN PNR SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract The use of improved fabrication technology, highly disordered NbN thin films, and intertwined section topology makes it possible to create high-performance photon-number-resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (PNR SSPDs) that are comparable to conventional single-element SSPDs at the telecom range. The developed four-section PNR SSPD has simultaneously an 86±3% system detection efficiency, 35 cps dark count rate, ∼2 ns dead time, and maximum 90 ps jitter. An investigation of the PNR SSPD’s detection efficiency for multiphoton events shows good uniformity across sections. As a result, such a PNR SSPD is a good candidate for retrieving the photon statistics for light sources and quantum key distribution systems.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0740-3224 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial (up) 1225
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