Records |
Author |
Zhang, J.; Boiadjieva, N.; Chulkova, G.; Deslandes, H.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Leibowitz, M.; Lo, W.; Malinsky, R.; Okunev, O.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Smirnov, K.; Tsao, C.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Wilsher, K.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Noninvasive CMOS circuit testing with NbN superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Electron. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Electron. Lett. |
Volume |
39 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
1086-1088 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications |
Abstract |
The 3.5 nm thick-film, meander-structured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been implemented in the CMOS circuit-testing system based on the detection of near-infrared photon emission from switching transistors and have significantly improved the performance of the system. Photon emissions from both p- and n-MOS transistors have been observed. |
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0013-5194 |
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1512 |
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Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G. |
Title |
On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Sci Rep |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
4812 |
Keywords |
waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously. |
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National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578 |
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RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ |
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1129 |
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Komrakova, S.; Javadzade, J.; Vorobyov, V.; Bolshedvorskii, S.; Soshenko, V.; Akimov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
On-chip controlled placement of nanodiamonds with a nitrogen-vacancy color centers (NV) |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
1124 |
Issue |
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Pages |
051046 (1 to 4) |
Keywords |
nanodiamonds, NV-centers |
Abstract |
Here we studied the fabrication technique of a kilopixel array of nanodiamonds with a nitrogen-vacancy color centers (NV) on top of the chip and measured the second-order correlation function deep, clearly demonstrated the presence of single-photon sources. The controlled position of nanodiamonds, determined from the measurement of second-order correlation fiction, was realize, as well as the yield of optimized technique equals 12.5% is shown. |
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1742-6588 |
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1298 |
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Kovalyuk, V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
Title |
On-chip single-photon spectrometer for visible and infrared wavelength range |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
1124 |
Issue |
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Pages |
051045 |
Keywords |
single-photon spectrometer |
Abstract |
Here we show our latest progress in the field of a single-photon spectrometer for the visible and infrared wavelengths ranges implementation. We consider three different on-chip approaches: a coherent spectrometer with a low power of the heterodyne, a coherent spectrometer with a high power of the heterodyne, and an eight-channel single-photon spectrometer for direct detection. Along with high efficiency, spectrometers show high detection efficiency and temporal resolution through the use of waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. |
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1742-6588 |
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1197 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Optical single photon detection in micron-scaled NbN bridges |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
arXiv |
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Keywords |
SSPD |
Abstract |
We demonstrate experimentally that single photon detection can be achieved in micron-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 μm to 5.15 μm and for photon-wavelengths from 408 nm to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50 % of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on nanometer scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modelling based on the theory of non-equilibrium superconductivity including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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Duplicated as 1303 |
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1312 |
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Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. |
Title |
Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. Applied |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
064037 (1 to 13) |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15 μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation. |
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2331-7019 |
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no |
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1303 |
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Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Optimization of contra-directional coupler based on silicon nitride Bragg rib waveguide |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
1124 |
Issue |
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Pages |
051048 |
Keywords |
Bragg waveguide, Si3N4 |
Abstract |
We report on the development and fabrication of a contra-directional coupler based on the Bragg waveguide on Si3N4 platform. Transmitted and reflected by the contra-directional coupler spectra were measured. The reflected spectra exactly matches the one notched by the main channel of the coupler. Losses are about 3dB, coupling to the directing branch of the coupler is practically lossless. FWHM of the transmitted (reflected) spectra is 3.46 nm. |
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1742-6588 |
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no |
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1195 |
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Prokhodtsov, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Zubkova, E.; Golikov, A.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Optimization of on-chip photonic delay lines for telecom wavelengths |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
1124 |
Issue |
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Pages |
051052 |
Keywords |
optical delay lines |
Abstract |
In this work, we experimentally studied optical delay lines on silicon nitride platform for telecomm wavelength (1550 nm). We modeled the group delay time and fabricated spiral optical delay lines with different waveguide widths and radii as well as measured their transmission. For the half etched rib waveguides we achieved the losses in the range of 3 dB/cm. |
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1742-6588 |
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no |
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1196 |
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Kitaygorsky, J.; Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Sergeev, A.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Origin of dark counts in nanostructured NbN single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
545-548 |
Keywords |
SSPD dark counts, SNSPD, dark counts rate |
Abstract |
We present our study of dark counts in ultrathin (3.5 to 10 nm thick), narrow (120 to 170 nm wide) NbN superconducting stripes of different lengths. In experiments, where the stripe was completely isolated from the outside world and kept at temperature below the critical temperature Tc, we detected subnanosecond electrical pulses associated with the spontaneous appearance of the temporal resistive state. The resistive state manifested itself as generation of phase-slip centers (PSCs) in our two-dimensional superconducting stripes. Our analysis shows that not far from Tc, PSCs have a thermally activated nature. At lowest temperatures, far below Tc, they are created by quantum fluctuations. |
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no |
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1057 |
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Author |
Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
Title |
Photon counting detector as a mixer with picowatt local oscillator power requirement |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Proc. 27th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 27th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
110 |
Keywords |
SSPD mixer, SNSPD |
Abstract |
At the current stage of the heterodyne receiver technology, great attention is paid to the development of detector arrays and matrices comprising many detectors on a single wafer. However, any traditional THz detector (such as SIS, HEB, or Schottky diode) requires quite a noticeable amount of Local Oscillator (LO) power which scales with the matrix size, and the total amount of the LO power needed is much greater than that available from compact and handy solid state sources. Substantial reduction of the LO power requirement may be obtained with a photon-counting detector used as a mixer. This approach, mentioned earlier in [1,2] provides a number of advantages. Thus, sensitivity of such a detector would be at the quantum limit (because of the photon-counting nature of the detector) and just a few LO photons for the mixing would be required leading to a possible breakthrough in the matrix receiver development. In addition, the receiver could be easily tuned from the heterodyne to the direct detection mode without any loss in its sensitivity with the latter limited only by the quantum efficiency of the detector used. We demonstrate such a technique with the use of the Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector(SNSPD)[3] irradiated by both 1.5 μm LO with a tiny amount of power (from a few picowatts down to femtowatts) facing the detector, and the test signal with a power significantly less than that of the LO. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias current was slightly below its critical value. Irradiating the detector with either the LO or the signal source produced voltage pulses which are statistically evenly distributed and could be easily counted by a lab counter or oscilloscope. Irradiating the detector by the both lasers simultaneously produced pulses at the frequency f m which is the exact difference between the frequencies at which the two lasers operate. f m could be deduced form either counts statistics integrated over a sufficient time interval or with the help of an RF spectrum analyzer. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use the detectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a niobium nitride nanowire is placed on the top of a nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. Integrated device scheme allows us to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with a large number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges. This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, contract no. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant # 16-32-00465. 1. Leaf A. Jiang and Jane X. Luu, ―Heterodyne detection with a weak local oscillator, Applied Optics Vol. 47, Issue 10, pp. 1486-1503 (2008) 2. Matsuo H. ―Requirements on Photon Counting Detectors for Terahertz Interferometry J Low Temp Phys (2012) 167:840–845 3. A. Semenov, G. Gol'tsman, A. Korneev, “Quantum detection by current carrying superconducting film”, Physica C, 352, pp. 349-356 (2001) 4. O. Kahl, S. Ferrari, V. Kovalyuk, G. N. Goltsman, A. Korneev, and W. H. P. Pernice, ―Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high internal quantum efficiency at telecom wavelengths., Sci. Rep., vol. 5, p. 10941, (2015). |
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1203 |
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Author |
Florya, I. N.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N. |
Title |
Photon counting statistics of superconducting single-photon detectors made of a three-layer WSi film |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Low Temp. Phys. |
Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
221-225 |
Keywords |
WSi SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) are used in quantum optics when record-breaking time resolution, high speed, and exceptionally low levels of dark counts (false readings) are required. Their detection efficiency is limited, however, by the absorption coefficient of the ultrathin superconducting film for the detected radiation. One possible way of increasing the detector absorption without limiting its broadband response is to make a detector in the form of several vertically stacked layers and connect them in parallel. For the first time we have studied single-photon detection in a multilayer structure consisting of three superconducting layers of amorphous tungsten silicide (WSi) separated by thin layers of amorphous silicon. Two operating modes of the detector are illustrated: an avalanche regime and an arm-trigger regime. A shift in these modes occurs at currents of ∼0.5–0.6 times the critical current of the detector.
This work was supported by technical task No. 88 for scientific research at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics,” Grant No. 14.V25.31.0007 from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and the work of G. N. Goltsman was supported by task No. 3.7328.2017/VU of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. |
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1063-777X |
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1310 |
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Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Photon switching statistics in multistrip superconducting single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1-4 |
Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
We study photon count statistics in superconducting single-photon detectors consisting of up to 70 narrow superconducting strips connected in parallel. Using interarrival time analysis, we demonstrate that our samples are operated in the “arm-trigger” regime and require up to seven subsequently absorbed photons to form a resistive state in the whole sample. We also performed numerical simulation of the light and dark count rates versus detector bias current, which are in good agreement with the experimental results. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1304 |
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Author |
Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Vodolazov, D.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. |
Title |
Physics and operation of superconducting single-photon devices |
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Book Chapter |
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2017 |
Publication |
Superconductors at the Nanoscale |
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279-308 |
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De Gruyter |
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Wördenweber, R.; Moshchalkov, V.; Bending, S.; Tafuri, F. |
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1326 |
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Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Semenov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ozhegov, R.; Kazakov, A.; Voronov, B.M.; Goltsman, G.N. |
Title |
Potential of a superconducting photon counter for heterodyne detection at the telecommunication wavelength |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Opt. Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
30474-30484 |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD mixer, SNSPD |
Abstract |
Here, we report on the successful operation of a NbN thin film superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) in a coherent mode (as a mixer) at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. Providing the local oscillator power of the order of a few picowatts, we were practically able to reach the quantum noise limited sensitivity. The intermediate frequency gain bandwidth (also referred to as response or conversion bandwidth) was limited by the spectral band of a single-photon response pulse of the detector, which is proportional to the detector size. We observed a gain bandwidth of 65 MHz and 140 MHz for 7 x 7 microm2 and 3 x 3 microm2 devices, respectively. A tiny amount of the required local oscillator power and wide gain and noise bandwidths, along with unnecessary low noise amplification, make this technology prominent for various applications, with the possibility for future development of a photon counting heterodyne-born large-scale array. |
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English |
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1094-4087 |
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PMID:28059394 |
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no |
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1207 |
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Baeva, E.; Sidorova, M.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G. |
Title |
Precise measurement of the thermal conductivity of superconductor |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Proc. AIP Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. AIP Conf. |
Volume |
1936 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
020003 (1 to 4) |
Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
Abstract |
Measuring the thermal properties such as the heat capacity provide information about intrinsic mechanisms operated inside. In general, the ratio between electron and phonon specific heat Ce/Cp shows how the absorbed energy shared between electron and phonon subsystems. In this work we make estimations for amplitude-modulated absorption of THz radiation technique for investigation of the ratio Ce/Cp in superconducting Niobium Nitride (NbN) at T = Tc. Our results indicates that experimentally the frequency of modulation has to be extra large to extract the quantity. We perform a new technique allowed to work at low frequency with accurately measurement of absorbed power. |
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doi:10.1063/1.5025441 |
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1311 |
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