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Saynak, UÄŸur |
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Novel rectangular spiral antennas |
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2008 |
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optical antennas |
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Round spiral antennas are generally designed by using Archimedean spiral geometries which have linear growth rates. To obtain smaller antennas with nearly the same performance, square spiral Archimedean geometries are also widely used instead. In this study, novel square antennas are proposed, designed and examined. At first two similar but different approaches are employed to design new antennas by considering the design procedure used to obtain log-periodic antennas. Then, the performance of these antennas is improved by considering another property of log-periodic antennas. Simulations are performed by using two different numerical methods which are Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) and Method of Moments (MoM). The results obtained from the simulations are compared with those of the Archimedean spiral antennas in terms of the frequency dependency of fundamental antenna parameters such as antenna gain and radiation pattern. The simulation results are compared with the ones obtained from the experimental study. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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750 |
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Author |
Novotny, L. |
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The history of near-field optics |
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2007 |
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Progress in Optics |
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Prog. Opt. |
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50 |
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137-180 |
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optical antennas |
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This article provides a review of early work and developments in the field of near-field optics. The roots trace back to the letters exchanged between Edward Hutchinson Synge and Albert Einstein in 1928 and, because of the analogy to antenna theory and lightning rods, the origins project back to the time of Benjamin Franklin who discovered the wonderful Effect of Points both in drawing off and throwing off the Electrical Fire. The modern interest was mainly inspired by the invention of scanning probe microscopy and by the first optical near-field measurements by Dieter W. Pohl and co-workers at the IBM Research Laboratory in R¨uschlikon, Switzerland, and also by parallel developments of other groups. Near-field optics received inspiration from the fields of surface enhanced spectroscopy and from studies of energy transfer. While optical near-fields were extensively exploited for overcoming the diffraction limit in optical imaging the study of their physical aspects revealed unique properties which cannot be imitated by free propagating radiation. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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752 |
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Heeres, R.W.; Dorenbos, S.N.; Koene, B.; Solomon, G.S.; Kouwenhoven, L.P.; Zwiller, V. |
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On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection |
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2010 |
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Nano Letters |
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Nano Lett. |
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10 |
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661-664 |
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optical antennas; SSPD; Single surface plasmons; superconducting detectors; semiconductor quantum dots; nanophotonics |
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Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-field. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected. |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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620 |
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Xiaolong Hu; Holzwarth, C.W.; Masciarelli, D.; Dauler, E.A.; Berggren, K.K. |
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Efficiently coupling light to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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2009 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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19 |
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3 |
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336-340 |
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optical antennas; SNSPD |
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We designed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with silver optical antennae for free-space coupling and a dielectric waveguide for fiber coupling. According to our finite-element simulation, (1) for the free-space coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TM-polarized photons at the wavelength of 1550 nm can be as high as 96% by adding silver optical antennae; (2) for the fiber coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TE-like-polarized photons can reach 76% including coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adding a silicon nitride waveguide and an inverse-taper coupler. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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647 |
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Alda, Javier; Rico-García, José M.; López-Alonso, José M.; Boreman, G. |
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Optical antennas for nano-photonic applications |
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2005 |
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Nanotechnology |
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Nanotech. |
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16 |
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5 |
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S230-S234 |
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optical antennas |
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Antenna-coupled optical detectors, also named optical antennas, are being developed and proposed as alternative detection devices for the millimetre, infrared, and visible spectra. Optical and infrared antennas represent a class of optical components that couple electromagnetic radiation in the visible and infrared wavelengths in the same way as radioelectric antennas do at the corresponding wavelengths. The size of optical antennas is in the range of the detected wavelength and they involve fabrication techniques with nanoscale spatial resolution. Optical antennas have already proved and potential advantages in the detection of light showing polarization dependence, tuneability, and rapid time response. They also can be considered as point detectors and directionally sensitive elements. So far, these detectors have been thoroughly tested in the mid-infrared with some positive results in the visible. The measurement and characterization of optical antennas requires the use of an experimental set-up with nanometric resolution. On the other hand, a computation simulation of the interaction between the material structures and the incoming electromagnetic radiation is needed to explore alternative designs of practical devices. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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734 |
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Brown, E. R.; Lee, A. W. M.; Navi, B. S.; Bjarnason, J. E. |
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Characterization of a planar self-complementary square-spiral antenna in the THz region |
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2006 |
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Microwave and Optical Technology Letters |
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Microwave Opt Technol Lett |
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48 |
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3 |
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524-529 |
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optical antennas; square spiral antenna; self complementary THz; photomixing; lens; method of moments; geometric optics; physical optics |
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This paper describes a compact, self-complementary square-spiral antenna on a GaAs substrate with a broadside high-directivity (~9 dB) frequency-independent pattern when coupled through a silicon hyperhemisphere. The driving-point resistance undulates between ~00 and 300Ω from 200 GHz to 1 THz—much higher than the 72Ω value from Booker's modified formula, but quite beneficial for coupling to high-impedance broadband devices |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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736 |
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Bryant, Garnett W.; García de Abajo, F. Javier; Aizpurua, Javier |
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Mapping the Plasmon Resonances of Metallic Nanoantennas |
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2008 |
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Nano Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nano Lett. |
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5 |
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2 |
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631-636 |
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optical antennas |
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We study the light scattering and surface plasmon resonances of Au nanorods that are commonly used as optical nanoantennas in analogy to dipole radio antennas for chemical and biodetection field-enhanced spectroscopies and scanned-probe microscopies. With the use of the boundary element method, we calculate the nanorod near-field and far-field response to show how the nanorod shape and dimensions determine its optical response. A full mapping of the size (length and radius) dependence for Au nanorods is obtained. The dipolar plasmon resonance wavelength λ shows a nearly linear dependence on total rod length L out to the largest lengths that we study. However, L is always substantially less than λ/2, indicating the difference between optical nanoantennas and long-wavelength traditional λ/2 antennas. Although it is often assumed that the plasmon wavelength scales with the nanorod aspect ratio, we find that this scaling does not apply except in the extreme limit of very small, spherical nanoparticles. The plasmon response depends critically on both the rod length and radius. Large (500 nm) differences in resonance wavelength are found for structures with different sizes but with the same aspect ratio. In addition, the plasmon resonance deduced from the near-field enhancement can be significantly red-shifted due to retardation from the resonance in far-field scattering. Large differences in near-field and far-field response, together with the breakdown of the simple scaling law must be accounted for in the choice and design of metallic λ/2 nanoantennas. We provide a general, practical map of the resonances for use in locating the desired response for gold nanoantennas. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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737 |
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Codreanu, Iulian; Boreman, Glenn D. |
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Infrared microstrip dipole antennas |
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2001 |
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Microwave and Optical Technology Letters |
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Microw Opt Technol Lett |
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29 |
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6 |
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381-383 |
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optical antennas |
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Abstract 10.1002/mop.1184.abs We report on the successful use of niobium microbolometers coupled to microstrip dipole antennas for the detection of midinfrared radiation. Measurements of the detector response versus antenna length performed at the 10.6 μm wavelength allowed us to identify the first three current-wave resonances along the antenna arms. The detector response was also measured as a function of the radiation wavelength in the 911 μm spectral domain. Excellent agreement between the experimental results and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) predictions was obtained. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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738 |
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González, F. J.; Boreman, G. D. |
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Comparison of dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas |
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2005 |
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Infrared Physics & Technology |
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Inf Phys & Technol |
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46 |
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5 |
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418-428 |
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optical antennas; Microbolometer; Infrared antennas; Antenna efficiency; Antenna-coupled detectors |
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Antenna-coupled microbolometers use planar lithographic antennas to couple infrared radiation into a bolometer with sub-micron dimensions. In this paper four different types of infrared antennas were fabricated on thin grounded-substrates and coupled to microbolometers. Dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antenna-coupled detectors were measured at 10.6 μm and their performance compared. A new method to calculate the radiation efficiency based on the spatial and angular response of infrared antennas is presented and used to evaluate their performance. The calculated radiation efficiency for the dipole, bowtie, spiral and log-periodic IR antennas was 20%, 37%, 25% and 46% respectively. A dipole-length study was performed and shows that the quasistatic value of the effective permittivity accurately describes the incident wavelength in the substrate at infrared frequencies for antennas on a thin substrate. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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739 |
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González, Francisco Javier; Alda, Javier; Ilic, Bojan; Boreman, Glenn D. |
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Infrared Antennas Coupled to Lithographic Fresnel Zone Plate Lenses |
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2004 |
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Applied Optics |
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Appl. Opt. |
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43 |
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33 |
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6067-6073 |
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optical antennas |
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Several designs for Fresnel zone plate lenses (FZPLs) to be used in conjunction with antenna-coupled infrared detectors have been fabricated and tested. The designs comprise square and circular FZPLs with different numbers of Fresnel zones working in transmissive or reflective modes designed to focus infrared energy on a square-spiral antenna connected to a microbolometer. A 163× maximum increase in response was obtained from a 15-zone circular FZPL in the transmissive mode. Sensor measurements of normalized detectivity D* resulted in a 2.67× increase with FZPLs compared with measurements made of square-spiral antennas without FZPLs. The experimental results are discussed and compared with values obtained from theoretical calculations. |
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