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Author	Antipov, S. V.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title	Noise temperature of quasioptical NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 900 GHz			Type	Journal Article
Year	2001	Publication	Physics of Vibrations	Abbreviated Journal	Physics of Vibrations
Volume	9	Issue	4	Pages	242-245
Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1069-1227	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1550
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Author	Svechnikov, S. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Goltsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Kroug, M.; Kollberg, E.
Title	Conversion and noise bandwidths of terahertz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers			Type	Journal Article
Year	2001	Publication	Physics of Vibrations	Abbreviated Journal	Physics of Vibrations
Volume	9	Issue	3	Pages	205-210
Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1069-1227	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1551
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Author	Elezov, M. S.; Semenov, A. V.; An, P. P.; Tarkhov, M. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Kazakov, A. Y.
Title	Investigating the detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector			Type	Journal Article
Year	2013	Publication	J. Opt. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Opt. Technol.
Volume	80	Issue	7	Pages	435
Keywords	SSPD, quantum efficiency
Abstract	The detection regimes of a superconducting single-photon detector have been investigated. A technique is proposed for determining the regions in which “pure regimes” predominate. Based on experimental data, the dependences of the internal quantum efficiency on the bias current are determined in the one-, two-, and three-photon detection regimes.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1070-9762	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1172
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Author	Vorobyov, V. V.; Kazakov, A. Y.; Soshenko, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Shalaginov, M. Y.; Bolshedvorskii, S. V.; Sorokin, V. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Akimov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Superconducting detector for visible and near-infrared quantum emitters [Invited]			Type	Journal Article
Year	2017	Publication	Opt. Mater. Express	Abbreviated Journal	Opt. Mater. Express
Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	513-526
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	Further development of quantum emitter based communication and sensing applications intrinsically depends on the availability of robust single-photon detectors. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors specifically optimized for the 500–1100 nm wavelength range, which overlaps with the emission spectrum of many interesting solid-state atom-like systems, such as nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. The fabricated detectors have a wide dynamic range (up to 350 million counts per second), low dark count rate (down to 0.1 counts per second), excellent jitter (62 ps), and the possibility of on-chip integration with a quantum emitter. In addition to performance characterization, we tested the detectors in real experimental conditions involving nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy emitters enhanced by a hyperbolic metamaterial.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2159-3930	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1234
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Author	Trifonov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Lobanov, Y.; Kaurova, N.; Blundell, R.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Gap frequency and photon absorption in a hot electron bolometer			Type	Conference Article
Year	2016	Publication	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 27^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	121
Keywords	NbN HEB; Si membrane
Abstract	The superconducting energy gap is a crucial parameter of a superconductor when used in mixing applications. In the case of the SIS mixer, the mixing process is efficient for frequencies below the energy gap, whereas, in the case of the HEB mixer, the mixing process is most efficient at frequencies above the gap, where photon absorption takes place more readily. We have investigated the photon absorption phenomenon around the gap frequency of HEB mixers based on NbN films deposited on silicon membranes. Apart from studying the pumped I-V curves of HEB devices, we have also probed them with microwave radiation, as previously described [1]. At frequencies far below the gap frequency, the pumped I-V curves show abrupt switching between the superconducting and resistive states. For the NbN HEB mixers we tested, which have critical temperatures of ~9 K, this is true for frequencies below about 400 GHz. As the pump frequency is increased beyond 400 GHz, the resistive state extends towards zero bias and at some point a small region of negative differential resistance appears close to zero bias. In this region, the microwave probe reveals that the device impedance is changing randomly with time. As the pump frequency is further increased, this random impedance change develops into relaxation oscillations, which can be observed by the demodulation of the reflected microwave probe. Initially, these oscillations take the form of several frequencies grouped together under an envelope. As we approach the gap frequency, the multiple frequency relaxation oscillations coalesce into a single frequency of a few MHz. The resultant square-wave nature of the oscillation is a clear indication that the device is in a bi-stable state, switching between the superconducting and normal state. Above the gap frequency, it is possible to obtain a pumped I-V curve with no negative differential resistance above a threshold pumping level. Below this pumping level, the device demonstrates bi-stability, and regular relaxation oscillation at a few MHz is observed as a function of pump power. The threshold pumping level is clearly related to the amount of power absorbed by the device and its phonon cooling. From the above experiment, we can derive the gap frequency of the NbN film, which is 585 GHz for our 6 μm thin silicon membrane-based device. We also confirm that the HEB mixer is not an efficient photon absorber for radiation below the gap frequency. 1. A. Trifonov et al., “Probing the stability of HEB mixers with microwave injection”, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 25, no. 3, June 2015.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1204
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Author	Tretyakov, I.; Maslennikov, S.; Semenov, A.; Safir, O.; Finkel, M.; Ryabchun, S.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title	Impact of operating conditions on noise and gain bandwidth of NbN HEB mixers			Type	Conference Article
Year	2015	Publication	Proc. 26^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 26^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	39
Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
Abstract	Hot-electron bolometer mixers (HEB’s) are the most promising devices as mixing element for terahertz spectroscopy and astronomy at frequencies beyond 1.4 THz. They have a low noise temperature and low demands on local oscillator (LO) power. 1,2 An important limitation is the IF bandwidth, of the order of a few GHz, and which in principle depends on energy relaxation due to electron- phonon processes and on diffusion-cooling. It has been proposed by Prober that a reduction in length of the HEB would lead to an increased bandwidth. 3 This appeared to be achieved by Tretyakov et al by measuring the gain bandwidth close to the critical temperature of the NbN. 2 Unfortunately, the noise bandwidth of similar devices operated at temperatures around 4.2 K appear not depend on the length. The fundamental problem to be addressed is the position-dependent superconducting state of the HEB- devices under operating conditions, which determines the conditions for the cooling of the hot quasiparticles. Some progress has been made by Barends et al in a semi-empirical model to describe the I,V curves under operating conditions at a bath temperature around 4.2 K. 4 In more recent work Vercruyssen et al have analyzed the I,V curve, without any LO-equivalent bias, of a model NSN system. 5 This work suggests that the most appropriate model for an HEB under operating conditions is that of a potential-well in the superconducting gap in the center of the NbN, analogous the bimodal superconducting state described by Vercruyssen et al. Hot quasiparticles in the well can not diffuse out and can only cool by electron-phonon processes, those with higher energies than the heights of the walls of the well can diffuse out. Using this working hypothesis we have carried out experiments on a sub-micrometer NbN bridge connected to a gold (Au) planar spiral antenna. An in situ process is used to deposit Au on NbN. The Au is removed in the center to define the uncovered NbN, which will act as the superconducting mixer itself. The antenna is deposited on the remaining Au layer on the NbN. The Au contacts suppress the energy gap of the NbN film located underneath the gold layer 7,8 . The measured resistive transition is shown in Fig.1. It clearly shows a T c of the bilayer at 6.2 K and the resistive transition of the NbN itself around 9 K. In addition we show the measured noise bandwidth (red squares) for different bath temperatures. Clearly the noise bandwidth increases strongly by increasing the bath temperature from 5 K to 8 K, up to 13 GHz. We interpret this pattern as evidence for improved out-diffusion of hot electrons due to normal banks and a shallow superconducting potential well compared to k B T. As expected the noise temperature in this regime is much bigger than when biased at 4.2 K. R EFERENCES 1 W. Zhang, P. Khosropanah, J. R. Gao, E. L. Kollberg, K. S. Yngvesson, T. Bansal, R. Barends, and T. M. Klapwijk Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 111113, (2010). 2 Ivan Tretyakov, Sergey Ryabchun, Matvey Finkel, Anna Maslennikova, Natalia Kaurova, Anastasia Lobastova, Boris Voronov, and Gregory Gol’tsman Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 033507 (2011). 3 D. E. Prober, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2119 (1992). 4 R. Barends, M. Hajenius, J. R. Gao, and T. M. Klapwijk, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 263506 (2005). 5 N. Vercruyssen, T. G. A. Verhagen, M. G. Flokstra, J. P. Pekola, and T. M. Klapwijk Physical Review B 85, 224503 (2012).
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1159
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Author	Tovpeko, N. A.; Trifonov, A. V.; Semenov, A. V.; Antipov, S. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Titova, N. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Bandwidth performance of a THz normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	Proc. 30^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 30^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	102-103
Keywords	TiN normal metal bolometer, NMB
Abstract	We report on the bandwidth performance of the normal metal TiN bolometer-mixer on top of an Al 2 O 3 substrate, which is capable to operate in a wide range of bath temperatures from 77 K – 300 K. The choice of the combination TiN / Al 2 O 3 is related to an advanced heat transport between the film and the substrate in this pair and the sufficient temperature coefficient of resistance. The data were taken at 132.5 – 145.5 GHz with two BWOs as a signal and an LO source. Measurements were taken on TiN films of different thickness starting from 20 nm down to 5 nm coupled into a spiral Au antenna, which improves matching of incoming radiation with the thin TiN fim. Our experiments demonstrate effective heat coupling from a TiN thin film to an Al 2 O 3 substrate (111) boosting gain bandwidth (GB) of TiN bolometer up to 6 GHz for 5 nm thin film. Current results indicate weak temperature dependence of GB on the bath temperature of the TiN bolometer. Theoretical estimations of GB performance meet with experimental data for 5 nm thin TiN films.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1279
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Author	Tretyakov, Ivan; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	About effect of the temperature operating conditions on the noise temperature and noise bandwidth of the terahertz range NbN hot-electron bolometers			Type	Abstract
Year	2018	Publication	Proc. 29^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 29^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	113
Keywords	NbN HEB mixer
Abstract	Results of an experimental study of the noise temperature (Tn) and noise bandwidth (NBW) of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer as a function of its temperature (Tb) and NbN bridge length are presented. It was determined that the NBW of the mixer is significantly wider at temperatures close to the critical ones (Tc) than are values measured at 4.2 K. The NBW of the mixer measured at the heterodyne frequency of 2.5 THz at temperature Tb close to Tc was ~13 GHz, as compared with 6 GHz at Tb = 4.2 K. This experiment clearly demonstrates the limitation of the thermal flow from the NbN bridge at Tb ≪ Tc for mixers manufactured by the in situ technique. This limitation is close in its nature to the Andreev reflection on the superconductor/metal boundary. In this case, the noise temperature of the studied mixer increased from 1100 to 3800 K.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1313
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Author	Fedorov, G.; Kardakova, A.; Gayduchenko, I.; Voronov, B. M.; Finkel, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Photothermoelectric response in asymmetric carbon nanotube devices exposed to sub-THz radiation			Type	Abstract
Year	2014	Publication	Proc. 25^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 25^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	71
Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT
Abstract	This work reports on the voltage response of asymmetric carbon nanotube devices to sub-THz radiation at the frequency of 140 GHz. The devices contain CNT’s, which are over their length partially suspended and partially Van der Waals bonded to a SiO 2 substrate, causing a difference in thermal contact. Different heat sinking of CNTs by source and drain gives rise to temperature gradient and consequent thermoelectric power (TEP) as such a device is exposed to the sub-THz radiation. Sign of the DC signal, its power and gate voltage dependence observed at room temperature are consistent with this scenario. At liquid helium temperature the observed response is more complex. DC voltage signal of an opposite sign is observed in a narrow range of gate voltages at low temperatures and under low radiation power. We argue that this may indicate a true photovoltaic response from small gap (less than 10meV) CNT’s, an effect never reported before. While it is not clear if the observed effects can be used to develop efficient THz detectors we note that the responsivity of our devices exceeds that of CNT based devices in microwave or THz range reported before at room temperature. Besides at 4.2 K notable increase of the sample conductance (at least four-fold) is observed. Our recent results with asymmetric carbon nanotube devices response to THz radiation (2.5 THz) will also be presented.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1361
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Author	Baryshev, A. M.; Wild, W.; Likhachev, S. F.; Vdovin, V. F.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardashev, N. S.
Title	Main parameters and instrumentation of Millimetron space mission			Type	Abstract
Year	2009	Publication	Proc. 20^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 20th ISSTT
Volume		Issue		Pages	108
Keywords	SVLBI, Millimetron space observatory
Abstract	Millimetron (official RosKosmos name ”Spectrum-M”) is a part of ambitious program called Spectrum intended to cover the whole electromagnetic spectrum with world class facilities. It is an approved mission included in Russian space program with the launch date in 2017..2019 time frame. The Millimetron satellite has a deployable 12 m diameter antenna with inner solid 4..6 m dish and a rim of petals. The mirror design is largely based on Radioastron mission concept that will be launched in 2009. If the antenna is passively cooled by radiation to open space, it would operate at approx. 50 K surface temperature, due to presence of a deployable three layer radiation screen. As a goal, there is a consideration of active cooling of antenna to 4 K, but this will depend on resources available to the project. Lagrangian libration point L2 considered for Millimetron orbit. There are four groups of scientific instruments envisioned: SVLBI instruments Space-Earth VLBI. It will allow to achieve unprecedented spatial resolution. Millimetron mission will attempt to achieve a mm/submm wave SVLBI. For that purpose, a SVLBI instrument covering selected ALMA bands and a standard VLBI band is envisioned, accompanied by a maser reference oscillator, a data digitizing and memory system, and a high speed data transmission link to ground. The ALMA bands can be extended to cover water lines if detector technology allows. Type of detector – heterodyne. Photometer/polarimeter. Recent progress in direct detector cameras with low spectral resolution, allows to propose a large format (5-10 kPixel) photometer camera on board of Millimetron mission. This camera can cover 0.1 – 2 THz region (with adequate amount of pixels per each subband). Wide band moderate resolution imaging spectrometer. Wide band moderate R = 1000 imaging spectrometer type instrument similar to SPICA SAFARI is planned, taking advantage of large cooled dish. It will cover the adequate spectral range allowable by antenna and will also work below 1 THz, as no ground instrument can have a cold main dish. High resolution spectrometer. For high resolution spectroscopy a heterodyne instrument is proposed, conceptually similar to HIFI on Herschel. This instrument will cover interesting frequency spots in 0.5..4 THz frequency range (using central part of antenna for higher frequency). It is sure that advances in LO and mixer technology will allow this frequency coverage.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1401
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Author	Ryabchun, S. A.; Tretyakov, I. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Kaurova, N. S.; Seleznev, V. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Fabrication and characterisation of NbN HEB mixers with in situ gold contacts			Type	Conference Article
Year	2008	Publication	Proc. 19^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 19^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	62-67
Keywords	HEB, mixer, NbN, in-situ contacts
Abstract	We present our recent results of the fabrication and testing of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers with in situ gold contacts. An intermediate frequency bandwidth of about 6 GHz has been measured for the mixers made of a 3.5-nm NbN film on a plane Si substrate with in situ gold contacts, compared to 3.5 GHz for devices made of the same film with ex situ gold contacts. The increase in the intermediate frequency bandwidth is attributed to additional diffusion cooling through the improved contacts, which is further supported by the its dependence on the bridge length: intermediate frequency bandwidths of 3.5 GHz and 6 GHz have been measured for devices with lengths of 0.35 μm and 0.16 μm respectively at a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz near the superconducting transition. At a local oscillator frequency of 2.5 THz the receiver has offered a DSB noise temperature of 950 K. When compared to the previous result of 1300 K obtained at the same local oscillator frequency for devices fabricated with an ex situ route, such a low value of the noise temperature may also be attributed to the improved gold contacts.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Groningen, Netherlands	Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	412
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Author	Tarkhov, M.; Morozov, D.; Mauskopf, P.; Seleznev, V.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Rubtsova, I.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Single photon counting detector for THz radioastronomy			Type	Conference Article
Year	2006	Publication	Proc. 17^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 17^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume		Issue		Pages	119-122
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	In this paper we present the results of the research on the superconducting NbN-ultrathin-film single- photon detectors (SSPD) which are capable to detect single quanta in middle IR range. The detection mechanism is based on the hotspot formation in quasi-two-dimensional superconducting structures upon photon absorption. Spectral measurements showed that up to 5.7 gm wavelength (52 THz) the SSPD exhibits single-photon sensitivity. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of -4% at 60 THz. Although further decrease of the operation temperature far below 1 K does not lead to any significant increase of quantum efficiency. We expect that the improvement of the SSPD's performance at reduced operation temperature will make SSPD a practical detector with high characteristics for much lower THz frequencies as well.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1438
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Author	Neroev, V. V.; Iomdina, E. N.; Khandzhyan, A. T.; Khodzhabekyan, N. V.; Sengaeva, M. D.; Ivanova, A. V.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Teplyakova, K. O.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Experimental study of the effect of corneal hydration and its biomechanical properties on the results of photorefractive keratectomy			Type	Journal Article
Year	2021	Publication	Vestn. Oftalmol.	Abbreviated Journal	Vestn. Oftalmol.
Volume	137	Issue	3	Pages	68-75
Keywords	THz scanning, cornea, photorefractive keratectomy, medicine
Abstract	Water content in the cornea may affect the outcome of its excimer laser ablation, especially in presbyopic patients with myopic refraction. This hypothesis can be tested by scanning the cornea in the terahertz (THz) range to determine its hydration level. Purpose: To study the effect of hydration of the cornea determined by non-contact THz scanning and its biomechanical parameters on the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in an experiment. Material and methods: PRK was performed using the Nidek EC-5000 QUEST excimer laser on 8 rabbit eyes. Corneal hydration was evaluated by determining the reflection coefficient (RC) in the THz electromagnetic radiation range before PRK, after 3-5 days, and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Clinical examination included autorefractometry, assessment of corneal thickness and other anatomical and optical parameters of the anterior eye segment (Galilei G6, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG 6.0.2, Switzerland), measurement of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, USA), as well as tear production (Schirmer test). Results: The initial water content in the cornea has a significant effect on the thickness of the removed layer, i.e. on the PRK effect, with correlation coefficient of Rs= -0.976 (p<0.01). The correlation between CH and the ablation depth is less pronounced (Rs=0.643), and CRF had no correlation with it (Rs= -0.089). Biomechanical indicators of the cornea depend on its hydration: changes in CH and CRF after excimer laser ablation qualitatively coincide with changes in RC, the correlation coefficient between RC and the initial value of CH is R= -0.619 (moderate negative correlation). Conclusion: THz scanning is an effective non-contact technology for monitoring corneal hydration level. The mismatch of the hypoeffect of keratorefractive excimer laser intervention planned for patients with presbyopia with the actual outcome can be caused by individual decrease in the initial water content in the cornea.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1794
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Author	Goltsman, G. N.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Lobanov, Y. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W. H. P.
Title	Superconducting nanowire single photon detector for coherent detection of weak optical signals			Type	Abstract
Year	2016	Publication	LPHYS'16	Abbreviated Journal	LPHYS'16
Volume		Issue		Pages	1-2
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	Traditionally, photon detectors are operated in a direct detection mode counting incident photonswith a known quantum efficiency. This procedure allows one to detect weak sources of radiation but allthe information about its frequency is limited by the optical filtering/resonating structures used which arenot as precise as would be required for some practical applications. In this work we propose heterodynereceiver based on a photon counting mixer which would combine excellent sensitivity of a photon countingdetector and excellent spectral resolution given by the heterodyne technique. At present, Superconducting-Nanowire-Single-Photon-Detectors (SNSPDs) [1] are widely used in a variety of applications providing thebest possible combination of the sensitivity and speed. SNSPDs demonstrate lack of drawbacks like highdark count rate or autopulsing, which are common for traditional semiconductor-based photon detectors,such as avalanche photon diodes.In our study we have investigated SNSPD operated as a photon counting mixer. To fully understandits behavior in such a regime, we have utilized experimental setup based on a couple of distributedfeedback lasers irradiating at 1.5 micrometers, one of which is being the Local Oscillator (LO) and theother mimics the test signal [2]. The SNSPD was operated in the current mode and the bias currentwas slightly below of the critical current. Advantageously, we have found that LO power needed for anoptimal mixing is of the order of hundreds of femtowatts to a few picowatts, which is promising for manypractical applications, such as receiver matrices [3]. With use of the two lasers, one can observe thevoltage pulses produced by the detected photons, and the time distribution of the pulses reproduces thefrequency difference between the lasers, forming power response at the intermediate frequency which canbe captured by either an oscilloscope (an analysis of the pulse statistics is needed) or by an RF spectrumanalyzer. Photon-counting nature of the detector ensures quantum-limited sensitivity with respect to theoptical coupling achieved. In addition to the chip SNSPD with normal incidence coupling, we use thedetectors with a travelling wave geometry design [4]. In this case a NbN nanowire is placed on the topof a Si3N4 nanophotonic waveguide, thus increasing the efficient interaction length. For this reason it ispossible to achieve almost complete absorption of photons and reduce the detector footprint. This reducesthe noise of the device together with the expansion of the bandwidth. Integrated device scheme allowsus to measure the optical losses with high accuracy. Our approach is fully scalable and, along with alarge number of devices integrated on a single chip can be adapted to the mid and far IR ranges wherephoton-counting measurement may be beneficial as well [5].Acknowledgements: This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of theRussian Federation, contract No. 14.B25.31.0007 and by RFBR grant No. 16-32-00465.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1220
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Author	Tikhonov, V. V.; Boyarskii, D. A.; Polyakova, O. N.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Radiophysical and dielectric properties of ore minerals in 12--145 GHz frequency range			Type	Journal Article
Year	2010	Publication	PIER B	Abbreviated Journal	PIER B
Volume	25	Issue		Pages	349-367
Keywords	complex permittivity, ore minerals
Abstract	The paper discusses a retrieval technique of complex permittivity of ore minerals in frequency ranges of 12--38 GHz and 77--145 GHz. The method is based on measuring frequency dependencies of transmissivity and reflectivity of plate-parallel mineral samples. In the 12--38 GHz range, the measurements were conducted using a panoramic standing wave ratio and attenuation meter. In the 77--145 GHz range, frequency dependencies of transmissivity and reflectivity were obtained using millimeter-band spectrometer with backward-wave oscillators. The real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity of a mineral were determined solving an equation system for frequency dependencies of transmissivity and reflectivity of an absorbing layer located between two dielectric media. In the course of the work, minerals that are primary ores in iron, zinc, copper and titanium mining were investigated: magnetite, hematite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and ilmenite.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number	RPLAB @ gujma @			Serial	639
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Author	Elmanova, A.; Elmanov, I.; Komrakova, S.; Golikov, A.; Javadzade, J.; Vorobyev, V.; Bolshedvorskii, S.; Soshenko, V.; Akimov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
Title	Integration of nanodiamonds with NV-centers on optical silicon nitride structures			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	220	Issue		Pages	03013
Keywords	nanodiamonds, NV-centers, Si3N4
Abstract	In this work we had developed optical structures from silicon nitride for further integration of the nanodiamonds containing NV-centers with them. We have introduced method of the nanodiamonds solution application on the substrates. The work has practical meaning in nanophotonics sphere and in development of optical devices with single-photon sources.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1190
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Author	Elmanov, I.; Elmanova, A.; Komrakova, S.; Golikov, A.; Kaurova, N.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
Title	Method for determination of resists parameters for photonic – integrated circuits e-beam lithography on silicon nitride platform			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	220	Issue		Pages	03012
Keywords	e-beam lithography, Si3N4
Abstract	In the work the thicknesses of the e-beam resists ZEP 520A and ma-N 2400 by using non-destructive method were measured, as well as recipe for the high ratio between the Si3N4 and the resists etching rate was determined. The work has a practical application for e-beam lithography of photonic-integrated circuits and nanophotonics devices based on silicon nitride platform.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1189
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Author	Elezov, M.; Scherbatenko, M.; Sych, D.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
Title	Towards the fiber-optic Kennedy quantum receiver			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	220	Issue		Pages	03011 (1 to 2)
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, Kennedy quantum receiver
Abstract	We consider practical aspects of using standard fiber-optic elements and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for the development of a practical quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme. Our receiver allows to discriminate two phase-modulated coherent states of light at a wavelength of 1.5 microns in continuous mode with bit rate 200 Kbit/s and error rate about two times below the standard quantum limit.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1288
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Author	Prokhodtsov, A.; Golikov, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Goltsman, G.; Arakelyan, S.; Evlyukhin, A.; Kalachev, A.; Naumov, A.
Title	Effect of silicon oxide coating on a silicon nitride focusing grating coupler efficiency			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	220	Issue		Pages	02009
Keywords	grating coupler, SiO2
Abstract	The dependence of the efficiency of the focusing grating couplers on the period and filling factor before and after deposition of the upper silicon oxide layer was experimentally studied. The obtained data are of practical importance for tunable integrated-optical devices based on silicon nitride platform.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1188
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Author	Belosevich, V. V.; Gayduchenko, I. A.; Titova, N. A.; Zhukova, E. S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Fedorov, G. E.; Silaev, A. A.
Title	Response of carbon nanotube film transistor to the THz radiation			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	195	Issue		Pages	05012 (1 to 2)
Keywords	field-effect transistor, FET, carbon nanotube, CNT
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1317
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Author	Tretyakov, I.; Kaurova, N.; Raybchun, S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Silaev, A. A.
Title	Technology for NbN HEB based multipixel matrix of THz range			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	195	Issue		Pages	05011
Keywords	NbN HEB
Abstract	The influence of homogeneity disorder degree of the thin superconducting NbN film across of Si wafer on characteristics of the Hot Electron Bolometers (HEB) has been investigated. Our experiments have been carried out near the superconducting transition and far below it. The high homogeneity disorder degree of the NbN film has been achieved by preparing the Si substrate surface. The fabricated HEBs all have almost identical R (T) characteristics with a dispersion of Tc and the normal resistance R300 of not more than 0.15K and 2 Ω, respectively. The quality of the devises allows us to demonstrate clearly the influence of non-equilibrium processes in the S’SS’ system on the device performance. Our fabrication technology also allows creating multiplex heterodyne and direct detector matrices based the HEB devices.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1318
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Author	Korneeva, Y.; Vodolazov, D.; Florya, I.; Manova, N.; Smirnov, E.; Korneev, A.; Mikhailov, M.; Goltsman, G.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
Title	Single photon detection in micron scale NbN and α-MoSi superconducting strips			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	190	Issue		Pages	04010 (1 to 2)
Keywords	SSPD
Abstract	We experimentally demonstrate the single photon detection in straight micrometer-wide NbN and α-MoSi bridges. Width of the bridges is 2 µm, while the wavelength of the photon changes from 408 to 1550 nm and critical current exceeds 50% of the depairing current. Obtained results offer the alternative route for design of detectors without resonator and meander structure and indirectly confirm vortex assisted mechanism of single photon detection.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1319
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Author	Korneev, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
Title	Superconducting single-photon detector for integrated waveguide spectrometer			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	190	Issue		Pages	04009
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, Si3N4 waveguides, waveguide spectrometer
Abstract	We present our recent achievements in the development of an on-chip spectrometer consisting of arrayed waveguide grating made of Si3N4 waveguides and NbN superconducting single-photon detector.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1199
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Author	Goltsman, G.; Naumov, A. V.; Gladush, M. G.; Karimullin, K. R.
Title	Quantum photonic integrated circuits with waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	EPJ Web Conf.	Abbreviated Journal	EPJ Web Conf.
Volume	190	Issue		Pages	02004 (1 to 2)
Keywords	waveguide SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2100-014X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1320
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Author	Kawamura, J.; Hunter, T. R.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Patt, F.; Peters, W.; Wilson, T.; Henkel, C.; Goltsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
Title	Ground-based terahertz CO spectroscopy towards Orion			Type	Journal Article
Year	2002	Publication	A&A	Abbreviated Journal	A&A
Volume	394	Issue	1	Pages	271-274
Keywords	HEB mixers, applications
Abstract	Using a superconductive hot-electron bolometer heterodyne receiver on the 10-m Heinrich Hertz Telescope on Mount Graham, Arizona, we have obtained velocity-resolved 1.037 THz CO () spectra toward several positions along the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1) ridge. We confirm the general results of prior observations of high-J CO lines that show that the high temperature, , high density molecular gas, , is quite extended, found along a ~ region centered on BN/KL. However, our observations have significantly improved angular resolution, and with a beam size of we are able to spatially and kinematically discriminate the emission originating in the extended quiescent ridge from the very strong and broadened emission originating in the compact molecular outflow. The ridge emission very close to the BN/KL region appears to originate from two distinct clouds along the line of sight with and ≈ . The former component dominates the emission to the south of BN/KL and the latter to the north, with a turnover point coincident with or near BN/KL. Our evidence precludes a simple rotation of the inner ridge and lends support to a model in which there are multiple molecular clouds along the line of sight towards the Orion ridge.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	322
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Author	Goltsman, G.
Title	Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer, direct detector and single-photon counter: from devices to systems			Type	Report
Year	2009	Publication	2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX	Abbreviated Journal	2-nd Int. Conf. EUROFLUX
Volume		Issue		Pages
Keywords	HEB, SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract
Address	Avignon, France
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1398
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Author	Ekström, H.; Kroug, M.; Belitsky, V.; Kollberg, E.; Olsson, H.; Goltsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S.
Title	Hot electron mixers for THz applications			Type	Conference Article
Year	1996	Publication	Proc. 30th ESLAB	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 30th ESLAB
Volume		Issue		Pages	207-210
Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
Abstract	We have measured the noise performance of 35 A thin NbN HEB devices integrated with spiral antennas on antireflection coated silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. From the noise measurements we have determined a total conversion gain of the receiver of—16 dB, and an intrinsic conversion of about-10 dB. The IF bandwidth of the 35 A thick NbN devices is at least 3 GHz. The DSB receiver noise temperature is less than 1450 K. Without mismatch losses, which is possible to obtain with a shorter device, and with reduced loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a DSB receiver noise temperature of less ‘than 700 K.
Address	Noordwijk, Netherlands
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor	Rolfe, E. J.; Pilbratt, G.
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference	Submillimetre and Far-Infrared Space Instrumentation
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1606
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Author	Kollberg, Erik L.; Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Yngvesson, K. S.
Title	Hot electron mixers, the potential competition			Type	Conference Article
Year	1992	Publication	Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation
Volume		Issue		Pages	201-206
Keywords	HEB mixers
Abstract	There is an urgent need in radio astronomy for low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above about 500 GHz. It is not certain that mixers based on superconducting quasiparticle tunnelling (SIS mixers) may turn out to be the answer to this need. In order to try to find an alternative way for realizing low noise heterodyne receivers for submillimeter waves, so called hot electron bolometric effects for mixing are now being investigated. Two basically different approaches are tried, one based on semiconductors and one on superconductors. Both methods are briefly discussed in this overview paper.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference	ESA Symposium on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1667
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Author	Gershenzon, Ye. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Yelantyev, A. I.; Petrova, Ye. B.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Filatov, V. S.
Title	Lecture demonstrations of properties of superconductors and liquid helium			Type	Journal Article
Year	1987	Publication	USSR Rept Phys. Math. JPRS UPM	Abbreviated Journal	USSR Rept Phys. Math. JPRS UPM
Volume	24	Issue	7	Pages	51
Keywords	demonstrations, lections
Abstract	New demonstrations for low temperature physics courses are described. Two transparent Dewar vacuum flasks fitting one inside the other with the external flask for nitrogen and the internal flask for helium are used. The helium temperature can be regulated in the 4.2 to 1.6 K range and the effects of reducing helium to the superfluid state at 2.17 K can be shown: boiling abruptly stops and superfluid flow appears. In order to show the electric and magnetic characteristics of superconductivity, a superconducting NbTi solenoid containing nonsuperconducting wire and germanium and superconducting Nb materials with different critical temperatures is placed in the helium refrigerant vessel. The fall of the resistance at the critical temperatures can be shown. In order to show magnetic field and superconductive current flow properties a shunt of superconductive material is connected in parallel to the coil and is enclosed in a teflon container with a heater which can vary its temperature. When it is heated and not superconductive, magnetic field effects can be demonstrated and when it is unheated and superconducting a continuous current can be demonstrated.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1704
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Author	Goltsman, G. N.; Maliavkin, A. V.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Selevko, A. G.
Title	Magnetic exciton spectroscopy in uniaxially compressed Ge at submillimeter waves			Type	Conference Article
Year	1986	Publication	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya	Abbreviated Journal	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya
Volume	50	Issue		Pages	280-281
Keywords	Ge, axial compression loads, excitons, germanium, magnetic spectroscopy, submillimeter waves, Zeeman effect
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0367-6755	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference	3rd Vsesoiuznyi Seminar po Opticheskomu Detektirovaniiu Magnitnykh Rezonansov v Tverdykh Telakh, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, May 1985
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1708
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Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G.
Title	Kinetics of submillimeter impurity and exciton photoconduction in Ge			Type	Journal Article
Year	1982	Publication	Optics and Spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Optics and Spectroscopy
Volume	52	Issue	4	Pages	454-455
Keywords	Ge, exciton photoconduction
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1715
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Author	Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Yu; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application			Type	Conference Volume
Year	2017	Publication	Proc. SPBOPEN	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPBOPEN
Volume		Issue		Pages	421-422
Keywords	waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	By adopting a travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices were fabricated. The architecture consists of a superconducting NbN- nanowire atop of a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) nanophotonic waveguide. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector, with up to 92% on-chip detection efficiency (OCDE), in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 10^6 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength.
Address	St. Petersburg, Russia
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	Duplicated as 1140			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1256
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Author	Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Integrated Bragg waveguides as an efficient optical notch filter on silicon nitride platform			Type	Conference Article
Year	2017	Publication	Proc. SPBOPEN	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. SPBOPEN
Volume		Issue		Pages	449-450
Keywords	Bragg waveguides
Abstract	We modeled and fabricated integrated optical Bragg waveguides on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. Transmission spectra of the integrated notch filter has been measured and attenuation at the desired wavelength of 1550 nm down to -43 dB was observed.
Address	St. Petersburg, Russia
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	Duplicated as 1141			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1257
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Author	Blagosklonskaya, L. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Elantev, A. I.
Title	Effect of strong magnetic-field on spectrum of hydrogen-like admixtures in semiconductors			Type	Conference Article
Year	1978	Publication	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya	Abbreviated Journal	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya
Volume	42	Issue	6	Pages	1231-1234
Keywords	spectrum, semiconductors, admixtures, strong magnetic-field
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga 39 Dimitrova Ul., 113095 Moscow, Russia	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number	blagosklonskaya1978effect			Serial	1724
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Author	Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Orlov, L.; Ptitsina, N.
Title	Population of excited-states of small admixtures in germanium			Type	Conference Article
Year	1978	Publication	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya	Abbreviated Journal	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya
Volume	42	Issue	6	Pages	1154-1159
Keywords	Ge, excited states, admixtures
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga 39 Dimitrova Ul., 113095 Moscow, Russia	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1723
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Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Orlov, L.
Title	Investigation of population and ionization of donor excited states in Ge			Type	Conference Article
Year	1976	Publication	Physics of Semiconductors	Abbreviated Journal	Physics of Semiconductors
Volume		Issue		Pages	631-634
Keywords	Ge, donor excited states
Abstract
Address	Amsterdam
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	North-Holland Publishing Co.	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1732
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Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G.; Orlova, S.; Ptitsina, N.; Gurvich, Y.
Title	Germanium hot-electron narrow-band detector			Type	Journal Article
Year	1971	Publication	Sov. Radio Engineering And Electronic Physics	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Radio Engineering And Electronic Physics
Volume	16	Issue	8	Pages	1346
Keywords	Ge HEB detectors
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Scripps Clinic Res Foundation 476 Prospect St, La Jolla, Ca 92037	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1741
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Author	Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Elantev, A.; Kagane, M.
Title	Energy-spectrum of small donors and acceptors in germanium and effect of magnetic-field on it			Type	Conference Article
Year	1978	Publication	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya	Abbreviated Journal	Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya
Volume	42	Issue	6	Pages	1142-1148
Keywords	energy spectrum, Ge, magnetic field
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1722
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Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ptitsyna, N. G.
Title	Investigation of excited donor states in GaAs			Type	Journal Article
Year	1974	Publication	Sov. Phys. Semicond.	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Phys. Semicond.
Volume	7	Issue	10	Pages	1248-1250
Keywords	GaAs, excited donor states
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Amer Inst Physics 1305 Walt Whitman Rd, Ste 300, Melville, Ny 11747-4501 Usa	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1733
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Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Zeeman effect in excited-states of donors in germanium			Type	Journal Article
Year	1972	Publication	Sov. Phys. Semicond.	Abbreviated Journal	Sov. Phys. Semicond.
Volume	6	Issue	3	Pages	509
Keywords	Ge, donors, Zeeman effect
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Amer Inst Physics 1305 Walt Whitman Rd, Ste 300, Melville, Ny 11747-4501 Usa	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1737
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Author	Goltsman, G.
Title	Simple method for stabilizing power of submillimetric spectrometer			Type	Journal Article
Year	1972	Publication	Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta	Abbreviated Journal	Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta
Volume		Issue	1	Pages	136
Keywords
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga 39 Dimitrova Ul., Moscow, 113095, Russia	Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN		ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1738
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Author	Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications			Type	Abstract
Year	2009	Publication	Proc. PIERS	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. PIERS
Volume		Issue		Pages	867
Keywords	HEB
Abstract	The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe.
Address	Moscow, Russia
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	The Electromagnetics Academy	Place of Publication	777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138	Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1559-9450	ISBN	978-1-934142-09-7	Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number	RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast			Serial	1022
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Author	Tretyakov, I.; Shurakov, A.; Perepelitsa, A.; Kaurova, N.; Svyatodukh, S.; Zilberley, T.; Ryabchun, S.; Smirnov, M.; Ovchinnikov, O.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Room temperature silicon detector for IR range coated with Ag₂S quantum dots			Type	Journal Article
Year	2019	Publication	Phys. Status Solidi RRL	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Status Solidi RRL
Volume	13	Issue	9	Pages	1900187-(1-6)
Keywords
Abstract	For decades, silicon has been the chief technological semiconducting material of modern microelectronics and has a strong influence on all aspects of the society. Applications of Si-based optoelectronic devices are limited to the visible and near infrared (IR) ranges. For photons with an energy less than 1.12 eV, silicon is almost transparent. The expansion of the Si absorption to shorter wavelengths of the IR range is of considerable interest for optoelectronic applications. By creating impurity states in Si, it is possible to cause sub-bandgap photon absorption. Herein, an elegant and effective technology of extending the photo-response of Si toward the IR range is presented. This approach is based on the use of Ag 2 S quantum dots (QDs) planted on the surface of Si to create impurity states in the Si bandgap. The specific sensitivity of the room temperature zero-bias Si_Ag 2 Sp detector is 10 11 cm Hz W 1 at 1.55 μm. Given the variety of available QDs and the ease of extending the photo-response of Si toward the IR range, these findings open a path toward future studies and development of Si detectors for technological applications. The current research at the interface of physics and chemistry is also of fundamental importance to the development of Si optoelectronics.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1862-6254	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1149
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Author	Tiulina, V.; Iomdina, E.; Goltsman, G.; Seliverstov, S.; Sianosyan, A.; Teplyakova, K.; Rusova, A.; Zaitsev, S.; Zernii, E.; Senin, I.
Title	UVB promotes the initiation of uveitic inflammatory and changes in thehydration of the cornea in vivo			Type	Miscellaneous
Year	2019	Publication	FEBS Open Bio	Abbreviated Journal	FEBS Open Bio
Volume	9	Issue	S1	Pages	79
Keywords	medicine; scheimpflug imaging; UVB; confocal microscopy; cornea; optical coherent tomography; rabbit eyes; terahertz radiation
Abstract	Recently, active research has been conducted in the field of terahertz (THz) scanning of human tissues for noninvasive determination of their hydration level, which haves hown high diagnostic efficiency of this technology in various pathological conditions. Recently, we have developed a laboratory model of the facility for monitoring the state of the water balance of the cornea using THz scanning in vivo, which opens up the possibility of applying this approach in ophthalmology. The aim of the work wasto compare the results of the THz scan of the cornea with its clinical changes using the example of an experimental model of the UV induced keratouveitis. Anexperimental study, which included a comprehensive assessment of clinical changes in the cornea of rabbits during keratouveitis induction, revealed a decrease in the stability of the tear film, pathological changes in the corneal epithelium and stroma, as well as its anatomical and optical parameters. Comparison of data obtained in the THz scan of the cornea with tears production, optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy showed their consistency in all observation periods, which allows us to conclude that the developed laboratory setup works and the feasibility of further research to promote the corneal hydration evaluation technology in clinical practice. Acknowledgements: Research was funded by the RSF, grant number 161500255.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2211-5463	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	Poster P-01-040			Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1276
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Author	Gayduchenko, I. A.; Moskotin, M. V.; Matyushkin, Y. E.; Rybin, M. G.; Obraztsova, E. D.; Ryzhii, V. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Fedorov, G. E.
Title	The detection of sub-terahertz radiation using graphene-layer and graphene-nanoribbon FETs with asymmetric contacts			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	Materials Today: Proc.	Abbreviated Journal	Materials Today: Proc.
Volume	5	Issue	13	Pages	27301-27306
Keywords	graphene nanoribbons, graphene-nanoribbon, GNR FET, field effect transistor
Abstract	We report on the detection of sub-terahertz radiation using single layer graphene and graphene-nanoribbon FETs with asymmetric contacts (one is the Schottky contact and one – the Ohmic contact). We found that cutting graphene into ribbons a hundred nanometers wide leads to a decrease of the response to sub-THz radiation. We show that suppression of the response in the graphene nanoribbons devices can be explained by unusual properties of the Schottky barrier on graphene-vanadium interface.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2214-7853	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1316
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Author	Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.
Title	NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared			Type	Journal Article
Year	2012	Publication	Phys. Procedia	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Procedia
Volume	36	Issue		Pages	72-76
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	Superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is typically 100 nm-wide supercondiucting strip in a shape of meander made of 4-nm-thick ﬁlm. To reduce response time and increase voltage response a parallel connection of the strips was proposed. Recently we demonstrated that reduction of the strip width improves the quantum effciency of such a detector at wavelengths longer than 1.5 μm. Being encourage by this progress in quantum effciency we improved the fabrication process and made parallel-wire SSPD with 40-nm-wide strips covering total area of 10 μm x 10 μm. In this paper we present the results of the characterization of such a parallel-wire SSPD at 10.6 μm wavelength and demonstrate linear dependence of the count rate on the light power as it should be in case of single-photon response.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1875-3892	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1382
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Author	Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer			Type	Journal Article
Year	2012	Publication	Phys. Procedia	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Procedia
Volume	36	Issue		Pages	334-337
Keywords	NbN HEB mixer
Abstract	We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1875-3892	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1381
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Author	Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Izbenko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R.
Title	Nano-structured superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
Year	2004	Publication	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment	Abbreviated Journal
Volume	520	Issue	1-3	Pages	527-529
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	NbN detectors, formed into meander-type, 10×10-μm2 area structures, based on ultrathin (down to 3.5-nm thickness) and nanometer-width (down to below 100 nm) NbN films are capable of efficiently detecting and counting single photons from the ultraviolet to near-infrared optical wavelength range. Our best devices exhibit QE >15% in the visible range and ∼10% in the 1.3–1.5-μm infrared telecommunication window. The noise equivalent power (NEP) ranges from ∼10−17 W/Hz1/2 at 1.5 μm radiation to ∼10−19 W/Hz1/2 at 0.56 μm, and the dark counts are over two orders of magnitude lower than in any semiconducting competitors. The intrinsic response time is estimated to be <30 ps. Such ultrafast detector response enables a very high, GHz-rate real-time counting of single photons. Already established applications of NbN photon counters are non-invasive testing and debugging of VLSI Si CMOS circuits and quantum communications.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0168-9002	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1495
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Author	Ovchinnikov, O. V.; Perepelitsa, A. S.; Smirnov, M. S.; Latyshev, A. N.; Grevtseva, I. G.; Vasiliev, R. B.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vitukhnovsky, A. G.
Title	Luminescence of colloidal Ag₂S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots capped with thioglycolic acid			Type	Journal Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Luminescence	Abbreviated Journal	J. Luminescence
Volume	220	Issue		Pages	117008 (1 to 7)
Keywords	Ag2S QD, quantum dots
Abstract	The features of IR luminescence of colloidal AgS QDs passivated with thioglycolic acid (AgS/TGA) under the formation of AgS/ZnS/TGA core/shell QDs are considered. A 4.5-fold increase in the quantum yield of recombination IR luminescence within the band with a peak at 960 nm (1.29 eV), full width at half maximum of 250 nm (0.34 eV), and the Stokes shift with respect to the exciton absorption of 0.6 eV was found. The increase in the IR luminescence intensity of AgS/ZnS/TGA QDs is accompanied by an increase in the average luminescence lifetime from 2.9 ns to 14.3 ns, which is explained as “healing” of surface trap states during the formation of the ZnS shell. For the first time, the enhancement of the luminescence intensity photodegradation (hereinafter referred to as fatigue) was found during the formation of the AgS/ZnS/TGA core/shell QDs. The luminescence fatigue is irreversible. We conclude that the initial stage of photolysis of the AgS core QDs under laser irradiation plays a key role. Low-atomic photolytic clusters of silver formed on the AgS core QDs act as luminescence quenching centers and do not reveal structural transformations into AgS, provided that the clusters are not in contact with TGA.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0022-2313	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1267
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Author	Ozhegov, R. V.; Gorshkov, K. N.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kiselev, O. S.; Kinev, N. V.; Filippenko, L. V.; Koshelets, V. P.
Title	Terahertz imaging system based on superconducting heterodyne integrated receiver			Type	Conference Article
Year	2014	Publication	Proc. THz and Security Applications	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. THz and Security Applications
Volume		Issue		Pages	113-125
Keywords	SIS mixer, SIR, THz imaging
Abstract	The development of terahertz imaging instruments for security systems is on the cutting edge of terahertz technology. We are developing a THz imaging system based on a superconducting integrated receiver (SIR). An SIR is a new type of heterodyne receiver based on an SIS mixer integrated with a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a harmonic mixer which is used for phase-locking the FFO. Employing an SIR in an imaging system means building an entirely new instrument with many advantages compared to traditional systems. In this project we propose a prototype THz imaging system using an 1 pixel SIR and 2D scanner. At a local oscillator frequency of 500 GHz the best noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of the SIR is 10 mK at an integration time of 1 s and a detection bandwidth of 4 GHz. The scanner consists of two rotating flat mirrors placed in front of the antenna consisting of a spherical primary reflector and an aspherical secondary reflector. The diameter of the primary reflector is 0.3 m. The operating frequency of the imaging system is 600 GHz, the frame rate is 0.1 FPS, the scanning area is 0.5 × 0.5 m2, the image resolution is 50 × 50 pixels, the distance from an object to the scanner was 3 m. We have obtained THz images with a spatial resolution of 8 mm and a NETD of less than 2 K.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher	Springer Netherlands	Place of Publication	Dordrecht	Editor	Corsi, C.; Sizov, F.
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	978-94-017-8828-1	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1368
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Author	Sidorova, M. V.; Kozorezov, A. G.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Mikhailov, M. Y.; Devizenko, A. Y.; Korneev, A. A.; Chulkova, G. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Nonbolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin WSi films			Type	Journal Article
Year	2018	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
Volume	97	Issue	18	Pages	184512 (1 to 13)
Keywords	WSi films, diffusion constant, SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in τe−ph∼140–190 ps at TC=3.4K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2469-9950	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1305
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Author	Kardakova, A.; Shishkin, A.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Ryabchun, S.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Bousquet, J.; Eon, D.; Sacépé, B.; Klein, T.; Bustarret, E.
Title	Relaxation of the resistive superconducting state in boron-doped diamond films			Type	Journal Article
Year	2016	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
Volume	93	Issue	6	Pages	064506
Keywords	boron-doped diamond films, resistive superconducting state, relaxation time
Abstract	We report a study of the relaxation time of the restoration of the resistive superconducting state in single crystalline boron-doped diamond using amplitude-modulated absorption of (sub-)THz radiation (AMAR). The films grown on an insulating diamond substrate have a low carrier density of about 2.5×1021cm−3 and a critical temperature of about 2K. By changing the modulation frequency we find a high-frequency rolloff which we associate with the characteristic time of energy relaxation between the electron and the phonon systems or the relaxation time for nonequilibrium superconductivity. Our main result is that the electron-phonon scattering time varies clearly as T−2, over the accessible temperature range of 1.7 to 2.2 K. In addition, we find, upon approaching the critical temperature Tc, evidence for an increasing relaxation time on both sides of Tc.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2469-9950	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1167
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Author	Vodolazov, D. Y.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Vortex-assisted mechanism of photon counting in a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector revealed by external magnetic field			Type	Journal Article
Year	2015	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
Volume	92	Issue	10	Pages	104503 (1 to 9)
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We use an external magnetic field to probe the detection mechanism of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We argue that the hot belt model (which assumes partial suppression of the superconducting order parameter Δ across the whole width of the superconducting nanowire after absorption of the photon) does not explain observed weak-field dependence of the photon count rate (PCR) for photons with λ=450nm and noticeable decrease of PCR (with increasing the magnetic field) in a range of the currents for photons with wavelengths λ=450–1200nm. Found experimental results for all studied wavelengths can be explained by the vortex hot spot model (which assumes partial suppression of Δ in the area with size smaller than the width of the nanowire) if one takes into account nucleation and entrance of the vortices to the photon induced hot spot and their pinning by the hot spot with relatively large size and strongly suppressed Δ.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1098-0121	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1343
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Author	Sidorova, M.; Semenov, Alexej D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Charaev, I.; Moshkova, M.; Kaurova, N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Zhang, X.; Schilling, A.
Title	Electron energy relaxation in disordered superconducting NbN films			Type	Journal Article
Year	2020	Publication	Phys. Rev. B	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. B
Volume	102	Issue	5	Pages	054501 (1 to 15)
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB, bandwidth, relaxation time
Abstract	We report on the inelastic-scattering rate of electrons on phonons and relaxation of electron energy studied by means of magnetoconductance, and photoresponse, respectively, in a series of strongly disordered superconducting NbN films. The studied films with thicknesses in the range from 3 to 33 nm are characterized by different Ioffe-Regel parameters but an almost constant product qTl (qT is the wave vector of thermal phonons and l is the elastic mean free path of electrons). In the temperature range 14–30 K, the electron-phonon scattering rates obey temperature dependencies close to the power law 1/τe−ph∼Tn with the exponents n≈3.2–3.8. We found that in this temperature range τe−ph and n of studied films vary weakly with the thickness and square resistance. At 10 K electron-phonon scattering times are in the range 11.9–17.5 ps. The data extracted from magnetoconductance measurements were used to describe the experimental photoresponse with the two-temperature model. For thick films, the photoresponse is reasonably well described without fitting parameters, however, for thinner films, the fit requires a smaller heat capacity of phonons. We attribute this finding to the reduced density of phonon states in thin films at low temperatures. We also show that the estimated Debye temperature in the studied NbN films is noticeably smaller than in bulk material.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2469-9950	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1266
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Author	Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title	Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges			Type	Journal Article
Year	2018	Publication	Phys. Rev. Applied	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume	9	Issue	6	Pages	064037 (1 to 13)
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15 μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2331-7019	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1303
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Author	Baeva, E. M.; Titova, N. A.; Veyrat, L.; Sacépé, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Khrapai, V. S.
Title	Thermal relaxation in metal films limited by diffuson lattice excitations of amorphous substrates			Type	Journal Article
Year	2021	Publication	Phys. Rev. Applied	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume	15	Issue	5	Pages	054014
Keywords	InOx, Au/Ni, NbN films
Abstract	We examine the role of a silicon-based amorphous insulating substrate in the thermal relaxation in thin NbN, InOx, and Au/Ni films at temperatures above 5 K. The samples studied consist of metal bridges on an amorphous insulating layer lying on or suspended above a crystalline substrate. Noise thermometry is used to measure the electron temperature Te of the films as a function of Joule power per unit area P2D. In all samples, we observe a P2D∝Tne dependence, with exponent n≃2, which is inconsistent with both electron-phonon coupling and Kapitza thermal resistance. In suspended samples, the functional dependence of P2D(Te) on the length of the amorphous insulating layer is consistent with the linear temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, which is related to lattice excitations (diffusons) for a phonon mean free path shorter than the dominant phonon wavelength. Our findings are important for understanding the operation of devices embedded in amorphous dielectrics.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2331-7019	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1769
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Author	Saveskul, N. A.; Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Saha, S.; Reddy, H.; Bogdanov, S. I.; Marinero, E. E.; Shalaev, V. M.; Boltasseva, A.; Khrapai, V. S.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Superconductivity behavior in epitaxial TiN films points to surface magnetic disorder			Type	Journal Article
Year	2019	Publication	Phys. Rev. Applied	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume	12	Issue	5	Pages	054001
Keywords	epitaxial TiN films
Abstract	We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties of epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of the residual resistivity, that becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such high-quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of approximately 1012cm−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2331-7019	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1166
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Author	Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
Year	2018	Publication	Phys. Rev. Applied	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. Applied
Volume	10	Issue	6	Pages	064063 (1 to 8)
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2331-7019	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1226
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Author	Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Elezov, M. S.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sych, D. V.
Title	Sub-shot-noise-limited fiber-optic quantum receiver			Type	Journal Article
Year	2020	Publication	Phys. Rev. A	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Rev. A
Volume	101	Issue	3	Pages	032306 (1 to 5)
Keywords	SSPD mixer, SNSPD
Abstract	We experimentally demonstrate a quantum receiver based on the Kennedy scheme for discrimination between two phase-modulated weak coherent states. The receiver is assembled entirely from standard fiber-optic elements and operates at a conventional telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm. The local oscillator and the signal are transmitted through different optical fibers, and the displaced signal is measured with a high-efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. We show the discrimination error rate is two times below that of a shot-noise-limited receiver with the same system detection efficiency.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2469-9926	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1268
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Author	Gayduchenko, I. A.; Fedorov, G. E.; Stepanova, T. S.; Titova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; But, D.; Coquillat, D.; Diakonova, N.; Knap, W.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Asymmetric devices based on carbon nanotubes as detectors of sub-THz radiation			Type	Conference Article
Year	2016	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	741	Issue		Pages	012143 (1 to 6)
Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT
Abstract	Demand for efficient terahertz (THz) radiation detectors resulted in intensive study of the asymmetric carbon nanostructures as a possible solution for that problem. In this work, we systematically investigate the response of asymmetric carbon nanodevices to sub-terahertz radiation using different sensing elements: from dense carbon nanotube (CNT) network to individual CNT. We conclude that the detectors based on individual CNTs both semiconducting and quasi-metallic demonstrate much stronger response in sub-THz region than detectors based on disordered CNT networks at room temperature. We also demonstrate the possibility of using asymmetric detectors based on CNT for imaging in the THz range at room temperature. Further optimization of the device configuration may result in appearance of novel terahertz radiation detectors.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1336
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Author	Titova, N. A.; Baeva, E. M.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Fabrication of NbN/SiN_x:H/SiO₂ membrane structures for study of heat conduction at low temperatures			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012190
Keywords	NbN films, insulating membrane
Abstract	Here we report on the development of NbN/SiNx:H/SiO2-membrane structures for investigation of the thermal transport at low temperatures. Thin NbN films are known to be in the regime of a strong electron-phonon coupling, and one can assume that the phononic and electronic baths in the NbN are in local equilibrium. In such case, the cooling of the NbN-based devices strongly depends on acoustic matching to the substrate and substrate thermal characteristics. For the insulating membrane much thicker than the NbN film, our preliminary results demonstrate that the membrane serves as an additional channel for the thermal relaxation of the NbN sample. That implies a negligible role of thermal boundary resistance of the NbN-SiNx:H interface in comparison with the internal thermal resistance of the insulating membrane.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1165
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Author	Shurakov, A.; Prikhodko, A.; Mikhailov, D.; Belikov, I.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Efficiency of a microwave reflectometry for readout of a THz multipixel Schottky diode direct detector			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012156
Keywords	Shottky diode, THz, direct detector, multipixel camera
Abstract	In this paper we report on the results of investigation of efficiency of a microwave reflectometry for readout of a terahertz multipixel Schottky diode direct detector. Decent capabilities of the microwave reflectometry readout were earlier justified by us for a hot electron bolometric direct detector. In case of a planar Schottky diode, we observed increase of an optical noise equivalent power by a factor of 2 compared to that measured within a conventional readout scheme. For implementation of a multipixel camera, a microwave reflectometer is to be used to readout each row of the camera, and the row switching is to be maintained by a CMOS analog multiplexer. The diodes within a row have to be equipped with filters to distribute the probing microwave signal properly. The simultaneous use of analog multiplexing and microwave reflectometry enables to reduce the camera response time by a factor of its number of columns.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1153
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Author	Shurakov, A.; Mikhailov, D.; Belikov, I.; Kaurova, N.; Zilberley, T.; Prikhodko, A.; Voronov, B.; Vasil’evskii, I.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Planar Schottky diode with a Γ-shaped anode suspended bridge			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012154
Keywords	Schottky diode, GaAs, InP substrate
Abstract	In this paper we report on the fabrication of a planar Schottky diode utilizing a Г-shaped anode suspended bridge. The bridge maintains transition between the top and bottom level planes of a 1.4 µm thick GaAs mesa. To implement the profile of a suspended bridge and inward tilt of a mesa wall adjacent to it, we make use of an anisotropic etching of gallium arsenide. The geometry proposed enables the fabrication of a diode with mesa of an arbitrary thickness to mitigate AC losses in the diode layered structure at terahertz frequencies of interest. For frequencies beyond 1 THz, it is also beneficial to use the geometry for the implementation of n-GaAs/n-InGaAs heterojunction Schottky diodes grown on InP substrate.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1152
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Author	Shcherbatenko, M.; Elezov, M.; Sych, D.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Optimal fiber optic scheme for sub-SQL quantum receiver realization			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012140
Keywords	sub-SQL, below quantum limit, QL, system quantum limit, SQL
Abstract	Practical implementation of high-precision quantum measurements is an important problem in modern science. One of the main parts of the quantum receiver is the optical scheme. We developed and tested several optical circuits based on different types of interferometers, namely Sagnac-based scheme, Mach-Zehnder-based scheme, and Michelson-based scheme. All these schemes are assembled with optical fibers and fiber-optic components, since the fiber-optic implementation is closest to application in practical devices. Schemes were evaluated according to two main criteria: extinction and interference stability. On the basis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that the most suitable is the scheme based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In continuous mode, we were able to obtain an interference extinction about 30 dB with acceptable temporal stability.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1265
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Author	Komrakova, S.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Rybin, M.; Obraztsova, E.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Effective absorption coefficient of a graphene atop of silicon nitride nanophotonic circuit			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012135
Keywords	silicon nitride O-ring resonator, ORR
Abstract	In this paper, we demonstrate the results of a study of the optical absorption properties of graphene integrated with silicon nitride O-ring resonator. We fabricated an array of O-ring resonators with different graphene coverage area atop. By measuring the transmission spectra of nanophotonic devices with and without graphene, we calculated the effective absorption coefficient of the graphene on a rib silicon nitride waveguide.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1177
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Author	Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Enhance of the superconducting properties of the NbN/Au bilayer bridges			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012132 (1 to 4)
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We experimentally demonstrate strong temperature dependence of the critical current of the superconducting 600-nm-wide and 5-μm-long bridge made of NbN/Au bilayer. The result is achieved due to the proximity effect realized between the highly disordered superconducting NbN layer and low resistive normal-metal Au layer.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1263
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Author	Elmanov, I.; Sardi, F.; Xia, K.; Kornher, T.; Kovalyuk, V.; Prokhodtsov, A.; An, P.; Kuzin, A.; Elmanova, A.; Goltsman, G.; Kolesov, R.
Title	Development of focusing grating couplers for lithium niobate on insulator platform			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012127
Keywords	grating couplers, lithium niobat
Abstract	In this paper, we fabricate and experimentally study focusing grating couplers for lithium niobate on an insulator photonic platform. The transmittance of a waveguide equipped with in- and out-couplers with respect to the grating period is measured with and without silicon dioxide cladding applied. Our results show the influence of silicon dioxide cladding on the efficiency and the central wavelength of grating couplers and can be used to improve grating coupling efficiency. Our study is supported by numerical simulations.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1180
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Author	Elezov, M. S.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Sych, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Development of control method for an optimal quantum receiver			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012126
Keywords	Helstrom bound, SPD, single photon detector, below quantum limit
Abstract	We propose a method for optimal displacement controlling of an optimal quantum receiver for registrations a binary coherent signal. An optimal receiver is able to distinguish between two phase-modulated states of a coherent signal. The optimal receiver controlling method can be used later in practice in various physical implementations of the optimal receiver.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1264
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Author	Elmanova, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Golikov, A.; Elmanov, I.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Study of silicon nitride O-ring resonator for gas-sensing applications			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012124
Keywords	silicon nitride O-ring resonator, ORR
Abstract	In this work, we experimentally studied the influence of different gaseous surroundings on silicon nitride O-ring resonator transmission. We compared the obtained results with numerical calculations and theoretical analysis and found a good agreement between them. Our results have a great potential for gas sensing applications, where a compact footprint and high efficiency are desired simultaneously.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1176
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Author	Prokhodtsov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Golikov, A.; Shakhovoy, R.; Sharoglazova, V.; Udaltsov, A.; Kurochkin, Y.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer for on-chip quantum random number generation			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012118
Keywords	Mach-Zehnder interferometer, MZI
Abstract	In this work, we experimentally studied silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with two directional couplers and 400 ps optical delay line for telecom wavelength 1550 nm. We achieved the extinction ratio in a range of 0.76-13.86 dB and system coupling losses of 28-44 dB, depending on the parameters of directional couplers. The developed interferometer is promising for the use in a compact random number generator for the needs of a fully integrated quantum cryptography system, where compact design, as well as high generation speed, are needed.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1178
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Author	Venediktov, I. O.; Elezov, M. S.; Prokhodtsov, A. I.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; An, P. P.; Golikov, A. D.; Shcherbatenko, M. L.; Sych, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Study of microheater’s phase modulation for on-chip Kennedy receiver			Type	Conference Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1695	Issue		Pages	012117
Keywords	Mach-Zehnder interferometers, MZI
Abstract	In this work we describe phase modulators for several Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) on silicon nitride platform for telecomm wavelength (1550 nm). We obtained current-voltage and phase-voltage curves for these modulators. MZI are needed for experimental realisation of various quantum receivers that can distinguish weak coherent states of light with extremely low error. Thermo-optical (TO) modulation is ensured by microheaters on one of the arms of MZI, which enables the change of the refractive index of the material with temperature. This approach allows to apply the necessary voltage to the golden microheaters to obtain the required phase change. For the on-chip microheaters we demonstrate the dependence of the phase shift on the voltage applied to our on-chip microheaters.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1179
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Author	Titova, N.; Gayduchenko, I. A.; Moskotin, M. V.; Fedorov, G. F.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Carbon nanotube based terahertz radiation detectors			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012208 (1 to 5)
Keywords	carbon nanotubes, CNT
Abstract	In this paper, we study terahertz detectors based on single quasimetallic carbon nanotubes (CNT) with asymmetric contacts and different metal pairs. We demonstrate that, depending on the contact metallization of the device, various detection mechanisms are manifested.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1270
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Author	Kuzin, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Golikov, A.; Prokhodtsov, A.; Marakhin, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Gippius, N.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Efficiency of focusing grating couplers versus taper length and angle			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012181
Keywords	focusing grating coupler
Abstract	Here we experimentally studied dependence of a focusing grating coupler efficiency versus taper length and angle on silicon nitride platform. As a result, we obtained a dependence for the efficiency of a focusing grating coupler on the parameters of the taper length and angle.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1184
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Author	Komrakova, S.; Javadzade, J.; Vorobyov, V.; Bolshedvorskii, S.; Soshenko, V.; Akimov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	CMOS compatible nanoantenna-nanodiamond integration			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012180
Keywords	bull-eye antenna, hyperbolic metamaterials, NV-centers
Abstract	Here we demonstrate CMOS compatible method to deterministically produce nanoantenna with nanodiamonds systems on example of bull-eye antenna on top of on hyperbolic metamaterials. We study the statistics of the placement of nanodiamonds and measure the fluorescence lifetime and the second-order correlation function of NV-centers inside nanodiamonds.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1182
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Author	Zubkova, E.; Golikov, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
Title	CWDM demultiplexer using anti-reflection, contra-directional couplers based on silicon nitride rib waveguide			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012179
Keywords	coarse wavelength-division multiplexing, Si3N4 rib waveguide
Abstract	We report on the development and fabrication of a 9-channel coarse wavelength-division multiplexing for telecommunication wavelengths (1550 nm) using anti-reflection contra-directional couplers, based on silicon nitride (Si3N4) rib waveguide. The transmitted and reflected spectrum in each channel of the demultiplexer were measured. The average full width at half maximum of the transmitted (reflected) spectra is about 3 nm.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1183
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Author	Polyakova, M. I.; Florya, I. N.; Semenov, A. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Extracting hot-spot correlation length from SNSPD tomography data			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012166 (1 to 4)
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, quantum detector tomography, QDT
Abstract	We present data of quantum detector tomography for the samples specifically optimized for this problem. Using this method, we take results of hot-spot correlation length of 17 ± 2 nm.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1273
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Author	Manova, N. N.; Smirnov, E. O.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Superconducting photon counter for nanophotonics applications			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012147 (1 to 5)
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We develop large area superconducting single-photon detector SSPD with a micron-wide strip suitable for free-space coupling or packaging with multi-mode optical fibres. The detector sensitive area is 20 μm in diameter. In near infrared (1330 nm wavelength) our SSPD exhibits above 30% detection efficiency with low dark counts and 45 ps timing jitter.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1271
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Author	Baksheeva, K.; Vdovydchenko, A.; Gorshkov, K.; Ozhegov, R.; Kinev, N.; Koshelets, V.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Study of human skin radiation in the terahertz frequency range			Type	Conference Article
Year	2019	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1410	Issue		Pages	012076 (1 to 5)
Keywords	SIS mixer, SIR, applications, medicine, sympathetic nervous system, SNS
Abstract	The radiation of human skin in the terahertz frequency range under the influence of mental stresses has been studied in the current work. An experimental setup for observation of changes in human skin radiation, which occur under the influence of psychological stresses, by means of a superconducting integrated receiver has been developed. More than 30 volunteers participate in these studies, which allows us to verify presence of correlation between the signals from the superconducting integrated terahertz receiver and other sensors that monitor human mental stress.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1272
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Author	Matyushkin, Y. E.; Gayduchenko, I. A.; Moskotin, M. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Fedorov, G. E.; Rybin, M. G.; Obraztsova, E. D.
Title	Graphene-layer and graphene-nanoribbon FETs as THz detectors			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051054
Keywords	field-effect transistor, FET, monolayer graphene, graphene nanoribbons
Abstract	We report on detection of sub-THz radiation (129-430 GHz) using graphene based asymmetric field-effect transistor (FET) structures with different channel geometry: monolayer graphene, graphene nanoribbons. In all devices types we observed the similar trends of response on sub-THz radiation. The response fell with increasing frequency at room temperature, but increased with increasing frequency at 77 K. Our calculations show that the change in the trend of the frequency dependence at 77 K is associated with the appearance of plasma waves in the graphene channel. Unusual properties of p-n junctions in graphene are highlighted using devices of special geometry.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1300
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Author	Prokhodtsov, A.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Zubkova, E.; Golikov, A.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Optimization of on-chip photonic delay lines for telecom wavelengths			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051052
Keywords	optical delay lines
Abstract	In this work, we experimentally studied optical delay lines on silicon nitride platform for telecomm wavelength (1550 nm). We modeled the group delay time and fabricated spiral optical delay lines with different waveguide widths and radii as well as measured their transmission. For the half etched rib waveguides we achieved the losses in the range of 3 dB/cm.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1196
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Author	Golikov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; An, P.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Silicon nitride nanophotonic circuit for on-chip spontaneous four-wave mixing			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051051
Keywords	O-ring resonator
Abstract	Here we present an integrated nanophotonic circuit for on-chip spontaneous four-wave mixing. The fabricated device includes an O-ring resonator, a Bragg noch-filter as well as a nine-channel arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) operated in the C-band wavelength range (1550 nm). The measured optical losses of the device (-6.8 dB) as well as a high Q-factor (> 1.2×105) shows a good potential for realizing the spontaneous four-wave mixing on the silicon nitride chip.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1193
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Author	Moskotin, M. V.; Gayduchenko, I. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Titova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; Fedorov, G. F.; Pyatkov, F.; Hennrich, F.
Title	Bolometric effect for detection of sub-THz radiation with devices based on carbon nanotubes			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051050 (1 to 5)
Keywords	field-effect transistor, FET, carbon nanotube, CNT
Abstract	In this work we investigate the response on THz radiation of a FET device based on an individual carbon nanotube conductance channel. It was already shown, that the response of such devices can be either of diode rectification origin or of thermoelectric effect origin or of their combination. In this work we demonstrate that at 77K and 8K temperatures strong bolometric effect also makes a significant contribution to the response.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1301
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Author	Zubkova, E.; An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Ferrari, S.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Optimization of contra-directional coupler based on silicon nitride Bragg rib waveguide			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051048
Keywords	Bragg waveguide, Si3N4
Abstract	We report on the development and fabrication of a contra-directional coupler based on the Bragg waveguide on Si3N4 platform. Transmitted and reflected by the contra-directional coupler spectra were measured. The reflected spectra exactly matches the one notched by the main channel of the coupler. Losses are about 3dB, coupling to the directing branch of the coupler is practically lossless. FWHM of the transmitted (reflected) spectra is 3.46 nm.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1195
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Author	An, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Golikov, A.; Zubkova, E.; Ferrari, S.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Experimental optimisation of O-ring resonator Q-factor for on-chip spontaneous four wave mixing			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051047
Keywords	planar O-ring resonators, Q-factor
Abstract	In this paper we experimentally studied the influence of geometrical parameters of the planar O-ring resonators on its Q-factor and losses. We systematically changed the gap between the bus waveguide and the ring, as well as the width of the ring. We found the highest Q = 5×105 for gap 2.0 μm and the ring width 2 μm. This work is important for further on-chip SFWM applications since the generation rate of the biphoton field strongly depends on the quality factor as Q3
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1191
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Author	Komrakova, S.; Javadzade, J.; Vorobyov, V.; Bolshedvorskii, S.; Soshenko, V.; Akimov, A.; Kovalyuk, V.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	On-chip controlled placement of nanodiamonds with a nitrogen-vacancy color centers (NV)			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051046 (1 to 4)
Keywords	nanodiamonds, NV-centers
Abstract	Here we studied the fabrication technique of a kilopixel array of nanodiamonds with a nitrogen-vacancy color centers (NV) on top of the chip and measured the second-order correlation function deep, clearly demonstrated the presence of single-photon sources. The controlled position of nanodiamonds, determined from the measurement of second-order correlation fiction, was realize, as well as the yield of optimized technique equals 12.5% is shown.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1298
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Author	Kovalyuk, V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W.
Title	On-chip single-photon spectrometer for visible and infrared wavelength range			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051045
Keywords	single-photon spectrometer
Abstract	Here we show our latest progress in the field of a single-photon spectrometer for the visible and infrared wavelengths ranges implementation. We consider three different on-chip approaches: a coherent spectrometer with a low power of the heterodyne, a coherent spectrometer with a high power of the heterodyne, and an eight-channel single-photon spectrometer for direct detection. Along with high efficiency, spectrometers show high detection efficiency and temporal resolution through the use of waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1197
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Author	Smirnov, E.; Golikov, A.; Zolotov, P.; Kovalyuk, V.; Lobino, M.; Voronov, B.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector on lithium niobate			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051025
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD, lithium niobate, LN
Abstract	We demonstrate superconducting niobium nitride nanowires folded on top of lithium niobate substrate. We report of 6% system detection efficiency at 20 s−1 dark count rate at telecommunication wavelength (1550 nm). Our results shown great potential for the use of NbN nanowires in the field of linear and nonlinear integrated quantum photonics.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1194
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Author	Elezov, M. S.; Scherbatenko, M. L.; Sych, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Active and passive phase stabilization for the all-fiber Michelson interferometer			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1124	Issue		Pages	051014 (1 to 5)
Keywords	Michelson interferometer, phase stabilization
Abstract	We put forward two methods for phase stabilization in the all-fiber Michelson interferometer. To perform passive phase stabilization, we use a heat bath for all fibers and electro-optical components, and put the interferometer in a hermetic case. To perform active phase stabilization, we monitor output power of the interferometer and develop an electronic feedback control. The phase stabilization methods enable stable interference pattern for several minutes, and can be helpful for the development of the optimal quantum receiver for coherent signals.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1299
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Author	Gayduchenko, I.; Fedorov, G.; Titova, N.; Moskotin, M.; Obraztsova, E.; Rybin, M.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Towards to the development of THz detectors based on carbon nanostructures			Type	Conference Article
Year	2018	Publication	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume	1092	Issue		Pages	012039 (1 to 4)
Keywords	CVD graphene, carbon nanotubes, CNT, field effect transistors, FET, THz detectors
Abstract	Demand for efficient terahertz radiation detectors resulted in intensive study of the carbon nanostructures as possible solution for that problem. In this work we investigate the response to sub-terahertz radiation of detectors with sensor elements based on CVD graphene as well as its derivatives – carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The devices are made in configuration of field effect transistors (FET) with asymmetric source and drain (vanadium and gold) contacts and operate as lateral Schottky diodes. We show that at 300K semiconducting CNTs show better performance up to 300GHz with responsivity up to 100V/W, while quasi-metallic CNTs are shown to operate up to 2.5THz. At 300 K graphene detector exhibit the room-temperature responsivity from R = 15 V/W at f = 129 GHz to R = 3 V/W at f = 450 GHz. We find that at low temperatures (77K) the graphene lateral Schottky diodes responsivity rises with the increasing frequency of the incident sub-THz radiation. We interpret this result as a manifestation of a plasmonic effect in the devices with the relatively long plasmonic wavelengths. The obtained data allows for determination of the most promising directions of development of the technology of nanocarbon structures for the detection of THz radiation.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1742-6588	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1302
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Author	Zvagelsky, R. D.; Chubich, D. A.; Kolymagin, D. A.; Korostylev, E. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Prokhodtsov, A. I.; Tarasov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Vitukhnovsky, A. G.
Title	Three-dimensional polymer wire bonds on a chip: morphology and functionality			Type	Journal Article
Year	2020	Publication	J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.	Abbreviated Journal	J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
Volume	53	Issue	35	Pages	355102
Keywords	photonic wire bonds, PWB
Abstract	Modern microchip-scale transceivers are capable of transmitting data at rates of the order of several terabits per second. In this regard, there is an urgent need to improve the interfaces connecting the chips and extend the bandpass of the interconnections. We use an approach combining silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits with 3D polymer waveguides fabricated by direct laser writing, which can be used as photonic interconnections or photonic wire bonds (PWB). These structures are designed, simulated, fabricated, and optimized for better light transmission at the telecommunication wavelength. An important part of this work is the study of the telecom signal transmission in a 3D polymer waveguide connecting two silicon nitride facing tapers. Two cases are considered: the tapers are one opposite the other or misaligned. Initially, the PWB shape was chosen to be Gaussian and then optimized: the top was circle-shaped and with the lower part still being Gaussian. Transmission losses were measured for both types of waveguides with different shapes. The idea of an optical multi-level crossing for photonic integrated circuits is also suggested as a solution to the problem of interconnections within a single chip.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0022-3727	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1181
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Author	Shurakov, A.; Lobanov, Y.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Superconducting hot-electron bolometer: from the discovery of hot-electron phenomena to practical applications			Type	Journal Article
Year	2015	Publication	Supercond. Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond. Sci. Technol.
Volume	29	Issue	2	Pages	023001
Keywords	HEB
Abstract	The discovery of hot-electron phenomena in a thin superconducting film in the last century was followed by numerous experimental studies of its appearance in different materials aiming for a better understanding of the phenomena and consequent implementation of terahertz detection systems for practical applications. In contrast to the competitors such as superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions and Schottky diodes, the hot electron bolometer (HEB) did not demonstrate any frequency limitation of the detection mechanism. The latter, in conjunction with a decent performance, rapidly made the HEB mixer the most attractive candidate for heterodyne observations at frequencies above 1 THz. The successful operation of practical instruments (the Heinrich Hertz Telescope, the Receiver Lab Telescope, APEX, SOFIA, Hershel) ensures the importance of the HEB technology despite the lack of rigorous theoretical routine for predicting the performance. In this review, we provide a summary of experimental and theoretical studies devoted to understanding the HEB physics, and an overview of various fabrication routes and materials.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0953-2048	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1156
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Author	Galin, M. A.; Klushin, A. M.; Kurin, V. V.; Seliverstov, S. V.; Finkel, M. I.; Goltsman, G. N.; Müller, F.; Scheller, T.; Semenov, A. D.
Title	Towards local oscillators based on arrays of niobium Josephson junctions			Type	Journal Article
Year	2015	Publication	Supercond. Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond. Sci. Technol.
Volume	28	Issue	5	Pages	055002 (1 to 7)
Keywords	Josephson junction local oscillators, JJ LO
Abstract	Various applications in the field of terahertz technology are in urgent need of compact, wide-tunable solid-state continuous wave radiation sources with a moderate power. However, satisfactory solutions for the THz frequency range are scarce yet. Here we report on coherent radiation from a large planar array of Josephson junctions (JJs) in the frequency range between 0.1 and 0.3 THz. The external resonator providing the synchronization of JJ array is identified as a straight fragment of a single-strip-line containing the junctions themselves. We demonstrate a prototype of the quasioptical heterodyne receiver with the JJ array as a local oscillator and a hot-electron bolometer mixer.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0953-2048	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1347
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Author	Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Zhong, J. Q.; Shi, S. C.; Hayton, D. J.; Vercruyssen, N.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Temperature dependence of the receiver noise temperature and IF bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers			Type	Journal Article
Year	2014	Publication	Supercond. Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond. Sci. Technol.
Volume	27	Issue	8	Pages	085013 (1 to 5)
Keywords	NbN HEB mixers
Abstract	In this paper we study the temperature dependence of the receiver noise temperature and IF noise bandwidth of superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. Three superconducting NbN HEB devices of different transition temperatures (Tc) are measured at 0.85 THz and 1.4 THz at different bath temperatures (Tbath) between 4 K and 9 K. Measurement results demonstrate that the receiver noise temperature of superconducting NbN HEB devices is nearly constant for Tbath/Tc, less than 0.8, which is consistent with the simulation based on a distributed hot-spot model. In addition, the IF noise bandwidth appears independent of Tbath/Tc, indicating the dominance of phonon cooling in the investigated HEB devices.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0953-2048	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1358
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Author	Shangina, E. L.; Smirnov, K. V.; Morozov, D. V.; Kovalyuk, V. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A. A.; Toropov, A. I.; Mauskopf, P.
Title	Concentration dependence of energy relaxation time in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions: direct measurements			Type	Journal Article
Year	2011	Publication	Semicond. Sci. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Semicond. Sci. Technol.
Volume	26	Issue	2	Pages	025013
Keywords	AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunctions
Abstract	We present measurements of the energy relaxation time, τε, of electrons in a single heterojunction in a quasi-equilibrium state using microwave time-resolved spectroscopy at 4.2 K. We find the relaxation time has a power-law dependence on the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas, τε∝nγs with γ = 0.40 ± 0.02 for values of the carrier density, ns, from 1.6 × 1011 to 6.6 × 1011cm−2. The results are in good agreement with predictions taking into account the scattering of the carriers by both piezoelectric and deformation potential acoustic phonons. We compare these results with indirect measurements of the energy relaxation time from energy loss measurements involving Joule heating of the electron gas.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0268-1242	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1215
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Author	Samsonova, A. S.; Zolotov, P. I.; Baeva, E. M.; Lomakin, A. I.; Titova, N. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title	Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in niobium films			Type	Journal Article
Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume	31	Issue	5	Pages	1-5
Keywords	Nb films
Abstract	We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder ( kFl≈150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm −2 , which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1792
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Author	Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title	Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN			Type	Journal Article
Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume	31	Issue	5	Pages	1-5
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1222
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Author	Zolotov, P.; Semenov, A.; Divochiy, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	A comparison of VN and NbN thin films towards optimal SNSPD efficiency			Type	Journal Article
Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume	31	Issue	5	Pages	1-4
Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD, WSi
Abstract	Based on early phenomenological ideas about the operation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD or SNSPD), it was expected that materials with a lower superconducting gap should perform better in the IR range. The plausibility of this concept could be checked using two popular SSPD materials – NbN and WSi films. However, these materials differ strongly in crystallographic structure (polycrystalline B1 versus amorphous), which makes their dependence on disorder different. In our work we present a study of the single-photon response of SSPDs made from two disordered B1 structure superconductors – vanadium nitride and niobium nitride thin films. We compare the intrinsic efficiency of devices made from films with different sheet resistance values. While both materials have a polycrystalline structure and comparable diffusion coefficient values, VN films show metallic behavior over a wide range of sheet resistance, in contrast to NbN films with an insulator-like temperature dependence of resistivity, which may be partially due to enhanced Coulomb interaction, leading to different starting points for the normal electron density of states. The results show that even though VN devices are more promising in terms of theoretical predictions, their optimal performance was not reached due to lower values of sheet resistance.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1223
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Author	Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Goltsman, G.
Title	Photon switching statistics in multistrip superconducting single-photon detectors			Type	Journal Article
Year	2018	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume	28	Issue	7	Pages	1-4
Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract	We study photon count statistics in superconducting single-photon detectors consisting of up to 70 narrow superconducting strips connected in parallel. Using interarrival time analysis, we demonstrate that our samples are operated in the “arm-trigger” regime and require up to seven subsequently absorbed photons to form a resistive state in the whole sample. We also performed numerical simulation of the light and dark count rates versus detector bias current, which are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1304
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Author	Titova, N.; Kardakova, A. I.; Tovpeko, N.; Ryabchun, S.; Mandal, S.; Morozov, D.; Klemencic, G. M.; Giblin, S. R.; Williams, O. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title	Slow electron–phonon cooling in superconducting diamond films			Type	Journal Article
Year	2017	Publication	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume	27	Issue	4	Pages	1-4
Keywords	superconducting diamond films, electron-phonon cooling
Abstract	We have measured the electron-phonon energy-relaxation time, τ eph , in superconducting boron-doped diamond films grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition. The observed electron-phonon cooling times vary from 160 ns at 2.70 K to 410 ns at 1.8 K following a T -2-dependence. The data are consistent with the values of τ eph previously reported for single-crystal boron-doped diamond films epitaxially grown on diamond substrate. Such a noticeable slow electron-phonon relaxation in boron-doped diamond, in combination with a high normal-state resistivity, confirms a potential of superconducting diamond for ultrasensitive superconducting bolometers.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1051-8223	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	1168
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Author	Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Goltsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
Title	Wide-band highspeed Nb and YBaCuO detectors			Type	Journal Article
Year	1991	Publication	IEEE Trans. Magn.	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Magn.
Volume	27	Issue	2	Pages	2836-2839
Keywords	YBCO, HTS, Nb detectors
Abstract	The physical limitations on the response time and the nature of nonequilibrium detection of radiation were investigated for Nb and YBCO film in a wide spectral range from millimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film, the detection mechanism is connected with an electron heating effect which is not selective over a wide spectral interval. For Nb, the dependence of the response time on the electron mean free path l and temperature T is tau varies as T/sup -2/l/sup -1/. The values of detectivity D* and tau are 310/sup 11/ W/sup -1/ Hz/sup 1/2/ cm and 510/sup -9/ s at T=1.6 K, respectively. For YBCO film the tau value of 1-2 ps at T=77 K was obtained; the NEP value of 3*10/sup -11/ W-Hz/sup -1/2/ can be obtained at T=77 K in the case of the optimal film matching to the radiation.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0018-9464	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes				Approved	no
Call Number				Serial	239
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