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	Author	Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Sergienko, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
	Title	High speed infrared photon counting with photon number resolving superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	CLEO/Europe – EQEC	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/Europe – EQEC
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	A review of development and characterization of the nanostructures consisting of several meander sections, all connected in parallel was presented. Such geometry leads to a significant decrease of the kinetic inductance, without a decrease of the SSPD active area. A new type of SSPDs possess the QE of large-active- area devices, but, simultaneously, allows achieving short response times and the GHz-counting rate. This new generation of superconducting detectors has another significant advantage for quantum key distribution, they have a photon number resolving capability and can distinguish more photons.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1399
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	Author	Sáysz, Wojciech; Guziewicz, Marek; Bar, Jan; Wegrzecki, Maciej; Grabiec, Piotr; Grodecki, Remigiusz; Wegrzecka, Iwona; Zwiller, Val; Milosnaya, Irina; Voronov, Boris; Gol’tsman, Gregory; Kitaygorsky, Jen; Sobolewski, Roman
	Title	Superconducting NbN nanostructures for single photon quantum detectors			Type	Abstract
	Year	2008	Publication	Proc. 7-th Int. Conf. Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and Electrons	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 7-th Int. Conf. Ion Implantation and Other Applications of Ions and Electrons
	Volume		Issue		Pages	160
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Practical quantum systems such as quantum communication (QC) or quantum measurement systems require detectors with high speed, high sensitivity, high quantum efficiency (QE), and short deadtimes along with precise timing characteristics and low dark counts. Superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin meander type NbN nanostripes (operated at T=2-5K) are a new and highly promising type of devices fulfilling above requirements. In this paper we present results of the SSPDs nanostructure technological optimization. The base for our detector is thin-film (4nm) NbN layer deposited on 350- P m-thick sapphire substrate The active element of the detector is a meander- nanostructure made of 4-nm-thick and 100-nm-wide NbN stripe, covering 10 u 10 P m 2 area with the filling factor ~0,5. The NbN superconducting films were deposited on sapphire substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering whereas the meander element of the detector was patterned by the direct electron-beam lithography followed by reactive-ion etching. To enhance the SSPD efficiency at Ȝ = 1.55 P m, we have performed an approach to increase the absorption of the detector by integrating it with optical resonant cavity. An optical microcavity optimized for absorption of 1.55 P m photons was designed as an one-mirror resonator consisting of a Ȝ/4 dielectric layer and a metallic mirror. The microcavity was deposited on the top of the NbN SSPD meander. The resonator was formed by the dielectric SiO 2 layer and metal mirror made of gold or palladium. Microcavity layers were deposited using a magnetron sputtering system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1409
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	Author	Zinoni, C.; Alloing, B.; Li, L. H.; Marsili, F.; Fiore, A.; Lunghi, L.; Gerardino, A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Single-photonics at telecom wavelengths using nanowire superconducting single photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	QTuF6 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Novel single-photon detectors based on NbN superconducting nanostructures promise orders-of- magnitude improvement over InGaAs APDs. We demonstrate this improved performance for the first time by measuring the g(2)(τ) on single photon states produced by a quantum dot at telecom wavelength.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Zinoni:07			Serial	1432
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	Author	Tarkhov, M.; Morozov, D.; Mauskopf, P.; Seleznev, V.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Rubtsova, I.; Minaeva, O.; Voronov, B.; Goltsman, G.
	Title	Single photon counting detector for THz radioastronomy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proc. 17^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 17^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	119-122
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	In this paper we present the results of the research on the superconducting NbN-ultrathin-film single- photon detectors (SSPD) which are capable to detect single quanta in middle IR range. The detection mechanism is based on the hotspot formation in quasi-two-dimensional superconducting structures upon photon absorption. Spectral measurements showed that up to 5.7 gm wavelength (52 THz) the SSPD exhibits single-photon sensitivity. Reduction of operation temperature to 1.6 K allowed us to measure quantum efficiency of -4% at 60 THz. Although further decrease of the operation temperature far below 1 K does not lead to any significant increase of quantum efficiency. We expect that the improvement of the SSPD's performance at reduced operation temperature will make SSPD a practical detector with high characteristics for much lower THz frequencies as well.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1438
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	Author	Dauler, E. A.; Kerman, A. J.; Robinson, B. S.; Yang, J. K. W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Berggren, K. K.
	Title	Achieving high counting rates in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	JTuD3 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Photodetectors; Quantum optics; Quantum detectors; Photon counting; Photons; Pulse shaping; Quantum communications; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	Kinetic inductance is determined to be the primary limitation to the counting rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon counters. Approaches for overcoming this limitation will be discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1451
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	Author	Rosfjord, K. M.; Yang, J. K. W.; Dauler, E. A.; Anant, V.; Berggren, K. K.; Kerman, A. J.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Increased detection efficiencies of nanowire single-photon detectors by integration of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	JTuF2 (1 to 2)
	Keywords	SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We fabricate and test superconducting NbN-nanowire single-photon detectors with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating. We design the cavity and coating such as to maximize absorption in the NbN film of the detector.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1452
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	Author	Gol'tsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Słysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, Roman
	Title	Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single-photon counting in the THz range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 16^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	555-557
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present the results of the NbN superconducting single-photon detector sensitivity measurement in the visible to mid-IR range. For visible and near IR light (0.56 — 1.3μm wavelengths) the detector exhibits 30% quantum efficiency saturation value limited by the NbN film absorption and extremely low level of dark counts (2x10 -4 s -1). The detector manifested single-photon counting up to 6 μm wavelength with the quantum efficiency reaching 10 -2 % at 5.6 μm and 3 K temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1476
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	Author	Ryabchun, S.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Superconducting single photon detectors array based on hot electron phenomena			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. 15^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 15^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	242-247
	Keywords	NbN SSPD arrays, SNSPD
	Abstract	In this paper we propose to use time domain multiplexing for large format arrays of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) of the terahertz, visible and infrared frequency ranges based on ultrathin superconducting NbN films. Effective realization of time domain multiplexing for SSPD arrays is possible due to a short electric pulse of the SSPD as response to radiation quantum absorption, picosecond jitter and extremely low noise equivalent power (NEP). We present experimental results of testing 2×2 arrays in the infrared waveband. The measured noise equivalent power in the infrared and expected for the terahertz waveband is 10 – 21 WHz -1/2 . The best quantum efficiency (QE) of SSPD is 50% at 1.3 µm wavelength.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1493
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	Author	Rubtsova, I.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Goltsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.
	Title	Spectral sensitivity, quantum efficiency, and noise equivalent power of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in the IR range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz
	Volume		Issue		Pages	461-462
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We have developed nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors capable of GHz-rate photon counting in the 0.4 to 5 /spl mu/m wavelength range. Quantum efficiency of 30%, dark count rate 3/spl times/10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, and NEP=10/sup -20/ W/Hz/sup -1/2/ have been measured at the 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength for the device operating at 2.0 K.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1507
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	Author	Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.
	Title	Infrared picosecond superconducting single-photon detectors for CMOS circuit testing			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	CLEO/QELS	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO/QELS
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Cmv4
	Keywords	NbN SSPD; SNSPD; Infrared; Quantum detectors; Electron beam lithography; Infrared detectors; Infrared radiation; Quantum efficiency; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
	Abstract	Novel, NbN superconducting single-photon detectors have been developed for ultrafast, high quantum efficiency detection of single quanta of infrared radiation. Our devices have been successfully implemented in a commercial VLSI CMOS circuit testing system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Optical Society of America	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1518
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	Author	Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Smirnov, K.
	Title	Superconducting quantum detector for astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. Int. Workshop on Supercond. Nano-Electronics Devices
	Volume		Issue		Pages	201-210
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD, SQD, superconducting quantum detectors, X-ray spectroscopy
	Abstract	We propose the novel concept of ultra-sensitive energy-dispersive superconducting quantum detectors prospective for applications in astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, such detector may allow realizing background limited noise equivalent power 10−21 W Hz−1/2 in the terahertz range when exposed to 4-K background radiation or counting of 6-keV photon with almost 10—4 energy resolution. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of elementary detectors into a detector array.
	Address	Naples, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Boston, MA	Editor	Pekola, J.; Ruggiero, B.; Silvestrini, P.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-4615-0737-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	International Workshop on Superconducting Nano-Electronics Devices, May 28-June 1, 2001
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	semenov2002superconducting			Serial	1525
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	Author	Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Zhang, J.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman
	Title	Ultrafast NBN hot-electron single-photon detectors for electronic applications			Type	Abstract
	Year	2002	Publication	Abstracts 8-th IUMRS-ICEM	Abbreviated Journal	Abstracts 8-th IUMRS-ICEM
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	We present a new, simple to manufacture, single-photon detector (SPD), which can work from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths of optical radiation and combines high speed of operation, high quantum efficiency (QE), and very low dark counts. The devices are superconducting and operate at temperature below 5 K. The physics of operation of our SPD is based on formation of a photon-induced resistive hotspot and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconductor.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	8th IUMRS International Conference on Electronic Materials
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1532
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Verevkin, A.; Xu, Y.; Zheng, X.; Williams, C.; Sobolewski, Roman; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Superconducting NbN-based ultrafast hot-electron single-photon detector for infrared range			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 12^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	462-468
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1539
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	Author	Xu, Y.; Zheng, X.; Williams, C.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
	Title	Ultrafast superconducting hot-electron single-photon detector			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2001	Publication	CLEO	Abbreviated Journal	CLEO
	Volume		Issue		Pages	345
	Keywords	NbN SSPD, SNSPD
	Abstract	Summary form only given. The current most-pressing need is to develop a practical, GHz-range counting single-photon detector, operational at either 1.3-/spl mu/m or 1.55-/spl mu/m radiation wavelength, for novel quantum communication and quantum cryptography systems. The presented solution of the problem is to use an ultrafast hot-electron photodetector, based on superconducting thin-film microstructures. This type of device is very promising, due to the macroscopic quantum nature of superconductors. Very fast response time and the small, (meV range) value of the superconducting energy gap characterize the superconductor, leading to the efficient avalanche process even for infrared photons.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Postconference Technical Digest (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37170)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1545
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	Author	Il'in, K. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Sobolewski, Roman
	Title	Characterization of the electron energy relaxation process in NbN hot-electron devices			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Proc. 10^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 10^th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
	Volume		Issue		Pages	390-397
	Keywords	HEB mixers, SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films, Nb films
	Abstract	We report on transient measurements of electron energy relaxation in NbN films with 300-fs time resolution. Using an electro-optic sampling technique, we have studied the photoresponse of 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates and exposed to 100-fs-wide optical pulses. Our experimental data analysis was based on the two-temperature model and has shown that in our films at the superconducting transition 10.5 K the inelastic electron-phonon scattering time was about (111}+-__.2) ps. This response time indicated that the maximum intermediate-frequency band of a NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixer should reach (16+41-3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. We have suggested several ways to increase the effectiveness of phonon cooling to achieve the above intrinsic value of the NbN mixer bandwidth.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1576
Permanent link to this record