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Author Yamashita, Taro; Miki, Shigehito; Qiu, Wei; Fujiwara, Mikio; Sasaki, Masahide; Wang, Zhen openurl 
  Title Temperature dependent performances of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors in an ultralow-temperature region Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 336 - 339  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We report on the performance of a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) from 4 K down to the ultralow temperature of 16 mK for a 1550 nm wave length. The system detection efficiency (DE) increased with de creasing the temperature and reached the considerably high value of 15% with a dark count rate less than 100 cps below 1.5 K, even without an optical cavity structure. We also observed saturation of the system DE in its bias current dependency at 16 mK, which indicates that the device DE of our SNSPD nearly reached intrinsic DE despite the device having a large active area of 20 μm × 20 μm. The dark count was finite even at 16 mK and the black body radiation becomes its dominant origin in the low temperatures for fiber-coupled devices.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 656  
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Author Marsili, Francesco; Najafi, Faraz; Dauler, Eric; Bellei, Francesco; Hu, Xiaolong; Csete, Maria; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Single-photon detectors based on ultranarrow superconducting nanowires Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nano Letters Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett.  
  Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 2048–2053  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We report efficient single-photon detection (η = 20% at 1550 nm wavelength) with ultranarrow (20 and 30 nm wide) superconducting nanowires, which were shown to be more robust to constrictions and more responsive to 1550 nm wavelength photons than standard superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, based on 90 nm wide nanowires. We also improved our understanding of the physics of superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors, which we used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of ultranarrow-nanowire detectors by a factor of 4, thus relaxing the requirements on the read-out circuitry and making the devices suitable for a broader range of applications.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 659  
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Author Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. openurl 
  Title High speed travelling wave single-photon detectors with near-unity quantum efficiency Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-14  
  Keywords SPD  
  Abstract Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. Close-to-unity photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides and achieve single photon detection efficiency up to 94% at telecom wavelengths. Our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable, low loss silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps at multi-GHz detection rates. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1108.5299 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 661  
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Author Korneev, Alexander; Korneeva, Yulia; Florya, Irina; Elezov, Michael; Manova, Nadezhda; Tarkhov, Michael; An, Pavel; Kardakova, Anna; Isupova, Anastasiya; Chulkova, Galina; Voronov, Boris openurl 
  Title Recent advances in superconducting NbN single-photon detector development Type Conference Article
  Year 2011 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 8072 Issue Pages 807202 (1 to 10)  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is a planar nanostructure patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film deposited on sapphire substrate. The sensitive element of the SSPD is 100-nm-wide NbN strip. The device is operated at liquid helium temperature. Absorption of a photon leads to a local suppression of superconductivity producing subnanosecond-long voltage pulse. In infrared (at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths) SSPD outperforms avalanche photodiodes in terms of detection efficiency (DE), dark counts rate, maximum counting rate and timing jitter. Efficient single-mode fibre coupling of the SSPD enabled its usage in many applications ranging from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. Recently we managed to improve the SSPD performance and measured 25% detection efficiency at 1550 nm wavelength and dark counts rate of 10 s-1. We also improved photon-number resolving SSPD (PNR-SSPD) which realizes a spatial multiplexing of incident photons enabling resolving of up to 4 simultaneously absorbed photons. Another improvement is the increase of the photon absorption using a λ/4 microcavity integrated with the SSPD. And finally in our strive to increase the DE at longer wavelengths we fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard 100 nm and demonstrated that in middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have DE several times higher compared to the traditional SSPDs.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 663  
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Author Sprengers, J.P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore, A. openurl 
  Title Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 11  
  Keywords SPD  
  Abstract he generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1108.5107 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 668  
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Author Driessen, Eduard Frans Clemens openurl 
  Title Coupling light to periodic nanostructures Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Faculty of Science, Leiden University Abbreviated Journal Fac. Scien., Leiden Un.  
  Volume Issue Pages 144  
  Keywords SSPD  
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  Notes Issue Date: 2009-09-24 Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 675  
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Author Wang, Zhen; Miki, S.; Fujiwara, M. openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information and communications Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 1741-1747  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs or SSPD) are highly promising devices in the growing field of quantum information and communications technology. We have developed a practical SSPD system with our superconducting thin films and devices fabrication, optical coupling packaging, and cryogenic technology. The SSPD system consists of six-channel SSPD devices and a compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, and can operate continuously on 100 V ac power without the need for any cryogens. The SSPD devices were fabricated from high-quality niobium nitride (NbN) ultrathin films that were epitaxially grown on single-crystal MgO substrates. The packaged SSPD devices were temperature stabilized to 2.96 K ± 10 mK. The system detection efficiency for an SSPD device with an area of 20 × 20 ¿m2 was found to be 2.6% and 4.5% at wavelengths of 1550 and 1310 nm, respectively, at a dark count rate of 100 Hz, and a jitter of 100 ps full-width at half maximum. We also performed ultrafast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) field testing and entanglement-based QKD experiments using these SSPD devices.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 676  
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Author Yang, J.K.W.; Kerman, A.J.; Dauler, E.A.; Cord, B.; Anant, V.; Molnar, R.J.; Berggren, K.K. openurl 
  Title Suppressed critical current in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high fill-factors Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 318-322  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract In this work we present a new fabrication process that enabled the fabrication of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors SNSPD with fill-factors as high as 88% with gaps between nanowires as small as 12 nm. This fabrication process combined high-resolution electron-beam lithography with photolithography. Although this work was motivated by the potential of increased detection efficiency with higher fill-factor devices, test results showed an unexpected systematic suppression in device critical currents with increasing fill-factor.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 677  
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Author Hu, Xiaolong; Zhong, Tian; White, James E.; Dauler, Eric A. Najafi, Faraz; Herder, Charles H.; Wong, Franco N. C.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Fiber-coupled nanowire photon counter at 1550 nm with 24% system detection efficiency Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Optics Letters Abbreviated Journal Opt. Lett.  
  Volume 34 Issue 23 Pages 3607-3609  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We developed a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system in a close-cycled cryocooler and achieved 24% and 22% system detection efficiencies at wavelengths of 1550 and 1315 nm, respectively. The maximum dark count rate was ~1000 counts/s.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 679  
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Author Kerman, Andrew J.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Molnar, Richard J.; Dauler, Eric A.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Electrothermal feedback in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B  
  Volume 79 Issue 10 Pages 4  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We investigate the role of electrothermal feedback in the operation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). It is found that the desired mode of operation for SNSPDs is only achieved if this feedback is unstable, which happens naturally through the slow electrical response associated with their relatively large kinetic inductance. If this response is sped up in an effort to increase the device count rate, the electrothermal feedback becomes stable and results in an effect known as latching, where the device is locked in a resistive state and can no longer detect photons. We present a set of experiments which elucidate this effect and a simple model which quantitatively explains the results.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 680  
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