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Lee BG, Doany FE, Assefa S, Green W, Yang M, Schow CL, et al. 20-μm-pitch eight-channel monolithic fiber array coupling 160 Gb/s/channel to silicon nanophotonic chip. In: Conf. OFC/NFOEC.; 2010. p. 1–3.
Abstract: A multichannel tapered coupler interfacing standard 250-μm-pitch low-NA polarization-maintaining fiber arrays with ultra-dense 20-μm-pitch high-NA silicon waveguides is designed, fabricated, and tested, demonstrating coupling losses below 1 dB and injection bandwidths of 160 Gb/s/channel.
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Chandrasekar R, Lapin ZJ, Nichols AS, Braun RM, Fountain AW. Photonic integrated circuits for Department of Defense-relevant chemical and biological sensing applications: state-of-the-art and future outlooks. In: Opt. Eng. Vol 58.; 2019. 1.
Abstract: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs), the optical counterpart of traditional electronic integrated circuits, are paving the way toward truly portable and highly accurate biochemical sensors for Department of Defense (DoD)-relevant applications. We introduce the fundamentals of PIC-based biochemical sensing and describe common PIC sensor architectures developed to-date for single-identification and spectroscopic sensor classes. We discuss DoD investments in PIC research and summarize current challenges. We also provide future research directions likely required to realize widespread application of PIC-based biochemical sensors. These research directions include materials research to optimize sensor components for multiplexed sensing; engineering improvements to enhance the practicality of PIC-based devices for field use; and the use of synthetic biology techniques to design new selective receptors for chemical and biological agents.
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Kahl O, Ferrari S, Kovalyuk V, Goltsman GN, Korneev A, Pernice WHP. Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors with high internal quantum efficiency at telecom wavelengths. Sci Rep. 2015;5:10941 (1 to 11).
Abstract: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) provide high efficiency for detecting individual photons while keeping dark counts and timing jitter minimal. Besides superior detection performance over a broad optical bandwidth, compatibility with an integrated optical platform is a crucial requirement for applications in emerging quantum photonic technologies. Here we present efficiencies close to unity at 1550nm wavelength. This allows for the SNSPDs to be operated at bias currents far below the critical current where unwanted dark count events reach milli-Hz levels while on-chip detection efficiencies above 70% are maintained. The measured dark count rates correspond to noiseequivalent powers in the 10–19W/Hz–1/2 range and the timing jitter is as low as 35ps. Our detectors are fully scalable and interface directly with waveguide-based optical platforms.
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Pernice W, Schuck C, Minaeva O, Li M, Goltsman GN, Sergienko AV, et al. High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits [Internet]. Vol 1108.5299.; 2012 [cited 2024 Jul 14].arXiv:1108.5299v2 [physics.optics]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5299v2
Abstract: Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.
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Sprengers JP, Gaggero A, Sahin D, Nejad SJ, Mattioli F, Leoni R, et al. Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits. In: arXiv. Vol 1108.5107.; 2011. p. 1–11.
Abstract: The generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators.
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