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Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Title |
IF bandwidth of phonon cooled HEB mixers made from NbN films on MgO substrates |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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219-227 |
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NbN HEB mixers, cinversion gain bandwidth, IF bandwidth |
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An investigation of gain and noise bandwidth of phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers is presented. The radiation coupling to the mixers is quasioptical through either a spiral or twin-slot antenna. A maximum gain bandwidth of 4.8 GHz is obtained for mixers based on a 3.5 nm thin NbN film with Tc= 10 K. The noise bandwidth is 5.6 GHz, at the moment limited by parasitic elements in the, device mount fixture. At 0.65 THz the DSB receiver noise temperature is 700-800 К in the IF band 1-2 GHz, and 1150-2700 К in the band 3.5-7 GHz. |
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1557 |
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Yngvesson, K. S.; Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Ji, M.; Goyette, T. M.; Dickinson, J. C.; Waldman, J.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Low-noise HEB heterodyne receivers and focal plane arrays for the THz regime using NbN |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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3795 |
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357-368 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We have developed prototype HEB receivers using thin film superconducting NbN devices deposited on silicon substrates. The devices are quasi-optically coupled through a silicon lens and a self-complementary log-specific toothed antenna. We measured DSB receiver noise temperatures of 500 K (13 X hf/2k) at 1.56 THz and 1,100 K (20 X hf/2k) at 2.24 THz. Noise temperatures are expected to fall further as devices and quasi-optical coupling methods are being optimized. The measured 3 dB IF conversion gain bandwidth for one device was 3 GHz, and it is estimated that the bandwidth over which the receiver noise temperature is within 3 dB of its minimum value is 6.5 GHz which is sufficient for a number of practical applications. We will discuss our latest results and give a detailed description of our prototype setup and experiments. We will also discuss our plans for developing focal plane arrays with tens of Hot Electron Bolometric mixer elements on a single silicon substrate which will make real time imaging systems in the THz region feasible. |
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SPIE |
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Hwu, R.J.; Wu, K. |
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Terahertz and Gigahertz Photonics |
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1561 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Ronnung, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Winkler, D. |
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Title |
YBa2Cu3O7-δ hot-electron bolometer with submicron dimensions |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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181-189 |
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YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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Photoresponse of YBa2Cu3O7-δ hot-electron bolometers to modulated near-infrared radiation was studied at a modulation .frequenc y var y ing from 0.2 MHz to 2 GHz. Bolometers were _fabricated from a 50 12 M thick film and had in-plane areas of 10x10 , um 2 . 2x0.2 s um', 1x0.2 p.m', and 0.5x0.2 jim. We found that nonequilibrium phonons cool down more effectively for the bolometers with smaller area. For the smallest bolometer the bolometric component in the response is 10 dB less than for the largest one. |
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1572 |
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Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
Noise temperature and sensitivity of a NbN hot-electron mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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190-199 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We report on noise temperature measurements of a NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer at different bias regimes. The device was a 3 nm thick bridge with in-plane dimensions of 1.7 x 0.2 gm 2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz up to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz) 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz). Two bias regimes are possible in order to achieve low noise temperatures. But only one of them yields sensitivity fluctuations close to the theoretical limit. |
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1573 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Zhuang, Y.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Goyette, T.; Waldman, J.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Improved characteristics of NbN HEB mixers integrated with log-periodic antennas |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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200-207 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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1574 |
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Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers at frequencies between 0.7 and 3.1 THz |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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238-246 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The performance of NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.7-3.1 THz frequency range. The devices are made from a 3.5-4 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The length of the bolometer microbridge is 0.1- 0.2 gm, the width is 1-2 gm. The best results of the DSB receiver noise temperature measured at 1.5 GHz intermediate frequency are: 800 K at 0.7 THz, 1100 K at 1.6 THz, 2000 K at 2.5 THz and 4200 K at 3.1 THz. The measurements were performed with a far infrared laser as the local oscillator (LO) source. The estimated LO power required is less than 500 nW at the receiver input. First results on the spiral antenna polarization measurements are reported. |
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1575 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Characterization of the electron energy relaxation process in NbN hot-electron devices |
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Conference Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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390-397 |
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HEB mixers, SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films, Nb films |
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We report on transient measurements of electron energy relaxation in NbN films with 300-fs time resolution. Using an electro-optic sampling technique, we have studied the photoresponse of 3.5-nm-thick NbN films deposited on sapphire substrates and exposed to 100-fs-wide optical pulses. Our experimental data analysis was based on the two-temperature model and has shown that in our films at the superconducting transition 10.5 K the inelastic electron-phonon scattering time was about (111}+-__.2) ps. This response time indicated that the maximum intermediate-frequency band of a NbN hot-electron phonon-cooled mixer should reach (16+41-3) GHz if one eliminates the bolometric phonon-heating effect. We have suggested several ways to increase the effectiveness of phonon cooling to achieve the above intrinsic value of the NbN mixer bandwidth. |
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1576 |
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Schwaab, G. W.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Erichsen, Patrik; Gol'tsman, G.; Semenov, A.; Verevkin, A.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E. |
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A high resolution spectrometer for the investigation of molecular structures in the THZ range |
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Conference Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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530-538 |
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antireflection coatings, dielectric mirrors |
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A status report on the design study of a novel tunable far-infrared (TuFTR) spectrometer for the investigation of the structure of weakly bound molecular complexes is given. The goal is a sensitive TuFIR spectrometer with full frequency coverage from 1-6 THz. To hit the goal, advanced sources (e.g. p-Ge lasers) and detectors (e.g. superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers) shall be employed to extend the technique of cavity ringdown spectroscopy, that is currently used at optical and infrared frequencies to the FIR spectral range. Critical for such a system are high-Q resonators that still allow good optical coupling, and wideband antireflection coatings to increase detector sensitivity and decrease optical path losses. 2 nd order effective media theory and an iterative multilayer algorithm have been employed to design wideband antireflection coatings for dielectrics with large dielectric constants like Ge or Si. Taking into account 6 layers, for Si bandwidths of 100% of the center frequency could be obtained with power reflectivities below 1% for both polarizations simultaneously. Wideband dielectric mirrors including absorption losses were also studied yielding a bandwidth of about 50% with reflectivities larger than 99.5%. |
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1577 |
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Schubert, J.; Semenov, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Gol'tsman, G.; Schwaab, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Broad-band terahertz NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer |
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Conference Article |
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1999 |
Publication |
Inst. Phys. Conf. |
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Inst. Phys. Conf. |
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167 |
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663-666 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Barcelona, Spain, 14-17 September 1999 |
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1578 |
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Blundell, R.; Kawamura, J. H.; Tong, C. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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A hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver for the 680-830 GHz frequency range |
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1998 |
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Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
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Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
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18-20 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We describe a heterodyne receiver designed to operate in the partially transparent atmospheric windows centered on 680 and 830 GHz. The receiver incorporates a niobium nitride thin film, cooled to 4.2 K, as the phonon-cooled hot-electron mixer element. The double sideband receiver noise, measured over the frequency range 680-830 GHz, is typically 700-1300 K. The instantaneous output bandwidth of the receiver is 600 MHz. This receiver has recently been used at the SubMillimeter Telescope, jointly operated by the Steward Observatory and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, for observations of the neutral carbon and CO spectral lines at 810 GHz and at 806 and 691 GHz respectively. Laboratory measurements on a second mixer in the same test receiver have yielded extended high frequency performance to 1 THz. |
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Leeds, UK |
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IEEE |
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0-7803-4903-2 |
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IEEE Sixth International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings. THZ 98. (Cat. No.98EX171) |
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1581 |
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Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Performance of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer at Terahertz frequencies |
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1998 |
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Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
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Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. |
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149-152 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The results of the DSB noire temperature are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 TBz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The RF bandwidth of the receiver is at least 2.5 THz. The amount of LO power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain is measured to be -9 dB, the total conversion gain -14 dB. |
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IEEE Sixth International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings. THZ 98. (Cat. No.98EX171) |
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1582 |
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Schwaab, G.W.; Auen, K.; Bruendermann, E.; Feinaeugle, R.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Huebers, H.-W.; Krabbe, A.; Roeser, H.-P.; Sirmain, G. |
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2- to 6-THz heterodyne receiver array for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) |
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Conference Article |
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1998 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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3357 |
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85-96 |
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NbN HEB mixers, applications, stratospheric observatory, airborne |
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The Institute of Space Sensor Technology of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing a heterodyne array receiver for the frequency range 2 to 6 THz for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Key science issues in that frequency range are the observation of lines of atoms [e.g. (OI)], ions [e.g. (CII), (NII)], and molecules (e.g. OH, HD, CO) with high spectral resolution to study the dynamics and evolution of galactic and extragalactic objects. Long term goal is the development of an integrated array heterodyne receiver with superconducting hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers and p-type Ge or Si lasers as local oscillators. The first generation receiver will be composed of HEB mixers in a 2 pixel 2 polarization array which will be pumped by a gas laser local oscillator. Improved Schottky diode mixers are the backup solution for the HEBs. The state of the art of HEB mixer and p-type Ge laser technology are described as well as possible improvements in the ’conventional’ optically pumped far-infrared laser and Schottky diode mixer technology. Finally, the frequency coverage of the first generation heterodyne receiver for some important astronomical transitions is discussed. The expected sensitivity is compared to line fluxes measured by the ISO satellite. |
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SPIE |
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Phillips, T.G. |
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Advanced Technology MMW, Radio, and Terahertz Telescopes |
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1583 |
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Svechnikov, S.; Verevkin, A.; Voronov, B.; Menschikov, E.; Gershenzon, E.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Quasioptical phonon-cooled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 0.5-1.1 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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45-51 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The noise performance of a receiver incorporating spiral antenna coupled NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer is measured from 450 GHz to 1200 GHz. The mixer element is thin (thickness nm) NbN 1.5 pm wide and 0.2 i.um long film fabricated by lift-off e-beam lithography on high-resistive silicon substrate. The noise of the receiver temperature is 1000 K at 800-900 GHz, 1200 K at 950 GHz, and 1600 K at 1.08 THz. The required (absorbed) local-oscillator power is —20 nW. |
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1586 |
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Gousev, Yu. P.; Olsson, H. K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
NbN hot-electron mixer at radiation frequencies between 0.9 THz and 1.2 THz |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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121-129 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We report on noise temperature measurements for a NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron mixer at radiation frequencies between 0.9 THz and 1.2 THz. Radiation was coupled to the mixer, placed in a vacuum chamber of He cryostat, by means of a planar spiral antenna and a Si immersion lens. A backward-wave oscillator, tunable throughout the spectral range, delivered an output power of few 1.1W that was enough for optimum operation of the mixer. At 4.2 K ambient temperature and 1.025 THz radiation frequency, we obtained a receiver noise temperature of 1550 K despite of using a relatively noisy room-temperature amplifier at the intermediate frequency port. The noise temperature was fairly constant throughout the entire operation range and for intermediate frequencies from 1 GHz to 2 GHz. |
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1588 |
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Yazoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lipatov, A.; Svechnikov, S.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
Quasioptical NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers with low optimal local oscillator power |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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131-140 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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In this paper, the noise perform.ance of NIN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.55-1.1 THz frequency range. The best results of the DSB noise temperature are: 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The water vapor in the signal path causes a significant contribution to the measured noise temperature around 1.1 THz. The required LO power is typically about 60 nW. The frequency response of the spiral antenna+lens system is measured using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer with the HEB operating in a detector mode. |
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1589 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Title |
Comparative study of the bandwidth of phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers in submillimeter and optical wavelength ranges |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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323-330 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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We report the results of the bandwidth measurements of NbN hot-electron bolometers, perfomied in the terahertz frequency domain at 140 GHz and 660 GHz and in time domain in the optical range at the wavelength of 395 nm.. Our studies were done on 3.5-nm-thick NbN films evaporated on sapphire substrates and patterned into ilin-size microbridges. In order to measure the gain bandwidth, we used two identical BWOs (140 or 660 GHz), one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The bandwidth we achieved was 3.5-4 GHz at 4.2 K with the optimal LO and DC biases. Time-domain measurements with a resolution below 300 fs were performed using an electro-optic sampling system, in the temperature range between 4.2 K to 9 K at various values of the bias current and optical power. The obtained response time of the NbN hot-electron bolometer to —100- fs-wide Ti:sapphire laser pulses was about 27 ps, what corresponds to the 5.9 GHz gain bandwidth. |
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1590 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Optical coupling and conversion gain for NbN HEB mixer at THz frequencies |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
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47-50 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Charlottesville, Virginia |
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1601 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Smirnov, K. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Gershenson, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Direct measurements of electron energy relaxation times at an AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface in the optical phonon scattering range |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
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55-58 |
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2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures |
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1602 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Smirnov, K. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Hot electron bolometer detectors and mixers based on a superconducting-two-dimensional electron gas-superconductor structure |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
Publication |
Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp. |
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163-166 |
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S-2DEG-S HEB mixers, detectors, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, NbN |
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1603 |
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Ekström, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. |
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Phonon cooled ultra thin NbN hot electron bolometer mixers at 620 GHz |
Type |
Conference Article |
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1997 |
Publication |
Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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29-35 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 A thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. A double-sideband receiver noise temperature less than 1300 K has been obtained with a 3 dB bandwidth of GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. A lower noise temperature of 1100 K has been achieved with an improved set-up. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is about 50-60 K, and the SSB receiver and intrinsic conversion gain is about -18 and -12 dB, respectively. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K. |
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1604 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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NbN hot electron bolometric mixer for 2.5 THz: the phonon cooled version |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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258-271 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We describe an investigation of a NbN HEB mixer for 2.5 THz. NbN HEBs are phonon-cooled de-. vices which are expected, according to theory, to achieve up to 10 GHz IF conversion gain bandwidth. We have developed an antenna coupled device using a log-periodic antenna and a silicon lens. We have demon- strated that sufficient LO power can be coupled to the device in order to bring it to the optimum mixer oper- ating point. The LO power required is less than 1 microwatts as measured directly at the device. We also describe the impedance characteristics of NbN devices and compare them with theory. The experimental results agree with theory except for the imaginary part of the impedance at very low frequencies as was demonstrated by other groups. |
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1605 |
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Ekström, H.; Kroug, M.; Belitsky, V.; Kollberg, E.; Olsson, H.; Goltsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S. |
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Hot electron mixers for THz applications |
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1996 |
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Proc. 30th ESLAB |
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Proc. 30th ESLAB |
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207-210 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We have measured the noise performance of 35 A thin NbN HEB devices integrated with spiral antennas on antireflection coated silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. From the noise measurements we have determined a total conversion gain of the receiver of—16 dB, and an intrinsic conversion of about-10 dB. The IF bandwidth of the 35 A thick NbN devices is at least 3 GHz. The DSB receiver noise temperature is less than 1450 K. Without mismatch losses, which is possible to obtain with a shorter device, and with reduced loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a DSB receiver noise temperature of less ‘than 700 K. |
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Noordwijk, Netherlands |
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Rolfe, E. J.; Pilbratt, G. |
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Submillimetre and Far-Infrared Space Instrumentation |
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1606 |
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Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Svechnikov, S.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E.; Belitsky, V.; Ekström, H.; Semenov, A.; Gousev, Yu.; Renk, K. |
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Quasioptical phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer at THz frequencies |
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Conference Article |
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1996 |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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303-317 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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In our experiments we tested phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) quasioptical mixer based on spiral antenna designed for 0.5-1.2 THz frequency band and fabricated on sapphire, Si-coated sapphire and high resistivity silicon substrates. HEB devices were produced from thin superconducting NbN film 3.5-6 nm thick with the critical temperature of about 11-12 K. For these devices we achieved the receiver noise temperature T R (DSB) = 3000 K in the 500-700 GHz frequency range and an IF bandwidth of 3-4 GHz. Prelimanary measurements at frequencies 1-1.2 THz resulted the receiver noise temperature about 9000 K (DSB). |
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1614 |
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Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D. |
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9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film |
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Conference Article |
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1996 |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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337-348 |
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YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
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Hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 gm infrared radiation from two lasers in high-quality YBa2Cu307_3 (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to -150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be -25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The IIEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range. |
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1615 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Mueller, E. R.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenco, S. I.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Optimization of hot eleciron bolometer mixing efficiency in NbN at 119 micrometer wavelength |
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1996 |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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584-600 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We describe an investigation of a NbN HEB mixer for 2.5 THz. An intrinsic conversion loss of 23 dB has been measured with a two-laser measurement technique. The conversion loss was limited by the LO power available and is expected to decrease to 10 dB or less when sufficient LO power is available. For this initial experiment we used a prototype device which is directly coupled to the laser beams. We present results for a back-short technique that improves the optical coupling to the device and describe our progress for an antenna-coupled device with a smaller dimension. Based on our measured data for conversion loss and device output noise level, we predict that NbN HEB mixers will be capable of achieving DSB receiver noise temperatures of ten times the quantum noise limit in the THz range. |
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1616 |
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Il'in, K. S.; Karasik, B. S.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Pechen, E. V.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I. |
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Title |
Electron-phonon-impurity interference in thin NbC films: electron inelastic scattering time and corrections to resistivity |
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Conference Article |
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1996 |
Publication |
Czech. J. Phys. |
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Czech. J. Phys. |
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46 |
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S2 |
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857-858 |
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NbC films |
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Complex study of transport properties of impure NbC films with the electron mean free pathl=0.6–13 nm show the crucial role of the electron-phonon-impurity interference (EPII). In the temperature range 20–70 K we found the interference correction to resistivity proportional to T2 and to the residual resistivity of the film. Using the comprehensive theory of EPII, we determine the electron coupling with transverse phonons and calculate the electron inelastic scattering time. Direct measurements of the inelastic electron scattering time using a response to a high-frequency amplitude modulated cw radiation agree well with the theory. |
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0011-4626 |
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1617 |
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Okunev, 0.; Dzardranov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Performances of hot—electron superconducting mixer for frequencies less than the gap energy: NbN mixer for 100 GHz operation |
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Conference Article |
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1995 |
Publication |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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247-253 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The possibilities to improve the parameters of the 100 GHz NbN HEB superconducting waveguide mixers have been studied. The device consists of a signal strip 1 gm wide by 2 Am long made of 40 A thick NbN film. The best operation point was found at 5 K, where the mixer bandwidth made up 1.5-2 GHz and the total loss diminished down to 8 dB. The critical current density has been increased up to " 40 6 A/cm 2 , the noise temperature of the receiver (DSB) has reduced down to 450 K and the local oscillator power has decreased down to -.4).1 mcV. |
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1625 |
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Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B. |
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NbN hot-electron mixer measurements at 200 GHz |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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254-261 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We present noise and gain measurements of resistively driven NbN hot-electron mixers near 200 GHz. The device geometry is chosen so that the dominant cooling process of the hot-electrons is their interaction with the lattice. Except for a single batch, the intermediate frequency cut-off of these mixer elements is – 3 700 MHz, and has shown little variation among other batches of devices. At 100 MHz we measured intrinsic mixer losses as low as —3 dB. We measured the noise temperatures at several intermediate frequencies, and for the best de- vice at 137 MHz with 20 MHz bandwidth, we measured 2000 K; using a low-noise first- stage amplifier at 1.5 GHz with 200 MHz bandwidth, the receiver noise temperature measured 2800 K. We estimate that the noise contribution from the mixer is 500 K and the total losses are —15 dB at 137 MHz. |
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1626 |
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Ekström, H.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
350 GHz NbN hot electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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269-283 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
Superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer devices have been fabricated and measured at 350 GHz. The HEB is integrated with a double dipole antenna on an extended crystalline quartz hyper hemispherical substrate lens. Heterodyne measurement gave a -3 dB bandwidth, mainly determined by the electron- phonon interaction time, of about 680 and 1000 MHz for two different films with Tc = 8.5 and 11 K respectively. The measured DSB receiver noise temperature is around 3000 K at 800 MHz IF frequency. The main contribution to the output noise from the device is due to electron temperature fluctuations with the equivalent output noise temperature TFL-100 K. TH, has the same frequency dependence as the IF response. The contribution from Johnson noise is of the order of T. The RF coupling loss is estimated to be = 6 dB. The film with lower Tc, had an estimated intrinsic low-frequency conversion loss = 7 dB, while the other film had a conversion loss as high as 14 dB. The difference in intrinsic conversion loss is explained by less uniform absorption of radiation. Measurements of the small signal impedance shows a transition of the output impedance from the DC differential resistance Rd=dV/dI in the low frequency limit to the DC resistance R 0 =Uoff 0 in the bias point for frequencies above 3 GHz. We judge that the optimum shape of the IV-characteristic is more easily obtained at THz frequencies where the main restriction in performance should come from problems with the RF coupling. |
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1628 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Schuch, R.; Lutz, C. R.; Jr.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Mueller, E. R.; Waldivian, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Hot electron detection and mixing experiments in NbN at 119 micrometer wavelength |
Type |
Conference Article |
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1995 |
Publication |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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284-293 |
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NbN HEB mixers, detectors |
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We have performed preliminary experiments with the goal of demonstrating a Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) mixer for a 119 micrometer wavelength (2.5 THz). We have chosen a NbN device of size 700 x 350 micrometers. This device can easily be coupled to a laser LO source, which is advantageous for performing a prototype experiment. The relatively large size of the device means that the LO power required is in the mW range; this power can be easily obtained from a THz laser source. We have measured the amount of laser power actually absorbed in the device, and from this have estimated the best optical coupling loss to be about 10 di . We are developing methods for improving the optical coupling further. Preliminary measurements of the response of the device to a chopped black-body have not yet resulted in a measured receiver noise temperature. We expect to be able to complete this measurement in the near future. |
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1629 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Zorin, M. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Trifonov, V. A. |
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Nonequilibrium and bolometric response of YBaCuO films in a resistive state to infrared low intensity radiation |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Council on Low-temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Council on Low-temp. Phys. |
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82-83 |
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YBCO HTS HEB |
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Dubna |
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Russian |
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Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); 296 p; 1994; p. 82-83; 30. Conference on low-temperature physics; 30. Soveshchanie po fizike nizkikh temperatur; Dubna (Russian Federation); 6-8 Sep 1994 |
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Notes |
Неравновесный и болометрический отклик YBaCuO пленок в резиотивном состоянии на инфракрасное лазерное излучение малой интенсивности |
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1632 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N. |
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Terahertz technology in Russia |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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24th European Microwave Conf. |
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24th European Microwave Conf. |
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1 |
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113-121 |
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BWO, HEB mixers |
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The presentation consider the parameters and operating peculiarities of unique microwave generators of the terahertz range which have been created in Russia – the backward wave oscillators – as well as certain devices based on these generators, such as high resolution. spectrometers and time-resolving spectrometers with picosecond temporal resolution. Most resent BWO-based studies are illustrated by a project devoted to superconductive hot-electron. bolometers which are of great independent value for the terahertz technology as high-sensitive picosecond detectors and low noise broad-band mixers. |
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24th European Microwave Conference |
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1635 |
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Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Elantev, A. I.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Evidence of subnanosecond transition stage in S-N current switching of YBaCuO films |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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2160 |
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74-82 |
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YBCO HTS switches |
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We report on a study of S-N and N-S current switching in high quality YBaCuO films deposited onto ZrO2 and NdGaO3 substrates. The films 60-120 nm thick prepared by laser ablation were structured into single strips and were provided with gold contacts. We monitored the time dependence of the resistance upon application of the voltage step on the film. Experiment performed within certain ranges of voltage amplitudes and temperatures showed the occurrence of the fast stage both in S-N (shorter than 300 ps) and N-S transition. We discuss the mechanism of switching taking into account the hot electron phenomena in YBaCuO. The contributions of various thermal processes in the subsequent stage of the resistance dynamic are also discussed. The basic limiting characteristics (average dissipated power, minimum work done for switching, maximum repetition rate) of a picosecond switch which is proposed to be developed are estimated. |
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SPIE |
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Buhrman, R.A.; Clarke, J.T.; Daly, K.; Koch, R.H.; Luine, J.A.; Simon, R.W. |
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Superconductive Devices and Circuits |
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1638 |
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Karasik, B.S.; Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M.A.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Trifonov, V.V.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Gershenzon, E.M. |
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Picosecond detection and broadband mixing of near-infrared radiation by YBaCuO films |
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1994 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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2159 |
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68-76 |
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YBCO HTS HEB mixer |
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Nonequilibrium picosecond and bolometric responses of YBCO films 500 angstroms thick patterned into 20 X 20 micrometers 2 size structure to 17 ps laser pulses and modulated radiation of GaAs and CO2 lasers have been studied. The modulation frequencies up to 10 GHz for GaAs laser and up to 1 GHz for CO2 were attained. The use of small radiation power (1 – 10 mW/cm2 for cw radiation and 10 – 100 nJ/cm2 for pulse radiation) in combination with high sensitive read-out system made possible to avoid any non-linear transient processes caused by an overheating of sample above a critical temperature or S-N switching enhanced by an intense radiation. Responses due to the change of kinetic inductance were believed to be negligible. The only signals observed were caused by a small change of the film resistance either in the resistive state created by a bias current or in the normal state. The data obtained by means of pulse and modulation techniques are in agreement. The responsivity about 1 V/W was measured at 1 GHz modulation frequency both for 0.85 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers wavelengths. The sensitivity of high-Tc fast wideband infrared detector is discussed. |
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Spie |
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Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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1640 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P. B.; Goghidze, I. G.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Nonbolometric and fast bolometric responses of YBaCuO thin films in superconducting, resistive, and normal states |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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2159 |
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81-86 |
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YBCO HTS HEB, nonbolornetric |
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The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 micrometers and 1.54 micrometers was studied. In normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: nonequilibrium picosecond component and following bolometric nanosecond. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to several orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the crossection for current percolation through the disordered network os Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions. |
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SPIE |
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Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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1641 |
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Ekström, H.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Investigation of a superconducting hot electron mixer |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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169-188 |
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HEB mixers |
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Mixing at 20 GHz in niobium superconducting thin film strips in the resistive state is studied. Experiments give evidence that electron-heating is the main cause of the non linear phenomena. The requirements on the mode of operation and on the film parameters for small conversion loss and the possibility of conversion gain are discussed. Measurements indicate a minimum intrinsic conversion loss around 1 dB with a sharp drop for the lowest voltage bias-points, and a DSB mixer noise temperature between 100 and 450 K at 20 GHz. The device output noise temperature at the mixer operating point can be as low as 30-50 K. A simple theory is presented, which is based on the assumption that the small signal resistance is linearly dependent on power. This type of mixer is considered very promising for use in low-noise heterodyne receivers at THz frequencies. |
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1642 |
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Gol'tsman, G.; Jacobsson, S.; Ekstrom, H.; Karasik, B.; Kollberg, E.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Slot-line tapered antenna with NbN hot electron mixer for 300-360 GHz operation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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209-213a |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
NbN hot-electron mixers combined with slot-line tapered antennas on Si wdnitride membranes had been fabricated. Several strips of 1 gm wide and 5 tan long made from 100 A NbN film are inserted into the slot antenna. IV-curves under local oscillator power in 300-350 GHz frequency range and conversion gain dependencies on intermediate fre- quency in the 0.1-1 GHz range are measured and compared with that for 100 GHz frequency band. Our results show that pumped IV-curves and intermediate frequency bands are different for 100 GHz and 300 GHz frequency ranges. The interpretation exploits the fact that for the lowest radiation frequency the superconducting energy gap is larger than the radiation quantum energy while they are comparable at the higher frequency. Tha results show that such mixers have good perspectives for terahertz receiving technology. |
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1643 |
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0kunev, 0.; Dzardanov, A.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
NbN hot electron waveguide mixer for 100 GHz operation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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214-224 |
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waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
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NbN is a promising superconducting material used to develope hot- electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth over 1 GHz. In the 100 GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for NbN films 50 A thick: the noise temperature of the receiver (DSB) 1000 K; the conversion losses 10 d13, the IF bandwidth 1 GHz; the local oscillator power 1 /LW. An increase of NbN film thickness up to 80-100 A and increase of working temperature up to 7-8 K, and a better mixer matching may allow to broader the IF band up to 3 Gllz, to reduce the conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and the noise tempera- ture down to 200-300 K. |
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1644 |
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Elantev, Andrey I.; Karasik, Boris S. |
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Title |
Noise temperature of a superconducting hot-electron mixer |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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225 |
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HEB mixers |
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1645 |
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Ekstrom, H.; Karasik, B.; Weikle, R.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Gershenzon, E. |
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Title |
Mixers using superconducting Nb films in the resistive state |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
23rd European Microwave Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
23rd European Microwave Conf. |
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Pages |
787-789 |
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Nb HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
The mixing of 20 GHz radiation in a Nb superconducting film in the resistive state was studied. The experiment gave evidence of electron-heating to be the origin of the non-linear phenomenon. The requirements on the operation mode and on the film parameters in order to obtain small conversion losses or even gain are determined. Our measurements indicate a conversion loss of about 6-8 dB. The hot-electron bolometer is considered to be very promising for use in heterodyne receivers in a wide frequency range from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. |
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1651 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
High speed hot-electron superconducting bolometer |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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2104 |
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181-182 |
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NbN HEb, Nb, Al |
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Physical limitation of response time of a superconducting bolometer as well as the nature of non-equilibrium detection of radiation have been investigated for Al, Nb and NbN thin films in spectral range from submillimeter to near-infraredwavelengths [1,2]. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film with the f_‘. 100A thickness the detection mechanism is an electron heating effect that is not selective to radiation wavelength in a very broad range. The response time ofan electron heating bolometer is determined by an electron-phonon interaction time. This time is of about 10 ns, 0.5 ns and 20 ps for Al, Nb, and NbN correspondingly near the critical temperature of the superconducting film. Thesensitive area of the bolometer consists of a number of narrow strips (with awidth of 1µm) connected in parallel to contact pads; these pads together witha sapphire substrate and a ground plate represent the microstrip transmissionline with an impedance of 50 Q. |
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SPIE |
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Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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1652 |
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Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Zorin, M.; Trifonov, V.; Karasik, B.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Lindgren, M. |
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Picosecond detection of infrared radiation with YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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2104 |
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183-184 |
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YBCO HTS HEB detectors |
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Picosecond nonequilibrium and slow bolometric responses from a patterned high-Tc superconducting (HTS) film due toinfrared radiation were investigated using both modulation and pulse techniques. Measurements at A, = 0.85 [tm andA, = 10.6 lim have shown a similar behaviour of the response vs modulation frequency f. The responsivity of the HTS filmbased detector at f ..- 0.6-1 GHz is estimated to be 10-2 – 10-1 V/W. |
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Spie |
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Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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10.1117/12.2298489 |
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1653 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Hot-electron superconducting mixers |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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2104 |
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329-330 |
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The creation of low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above 1 THz is in the urgentneed for radio astronomy, laser spectroscopy, plasma diagnostic, etc. In this paper we discussthe nonlinear effect related to hot electrons in superconductors, and their potential use in lownoise submilimeter wave mixer. We also discuss results achieved so far as well as possible futuredevelopments. |
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SPIE |
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Birch, J.R.; Parker, T.J. |
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18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves |
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1654 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Hot electron superconductive mixers |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
Publication |
Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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618-622 |
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HEB mixers |
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1656 |
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Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'iev, A. I.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Title |
Antenna – coupled superconducting electron-heating bolometer |
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1993 |
Publication |
Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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623-628 |
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HEB |
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We propose a novel antenna-coupled superconducting bolometer based on electron-heating in the resistive state. A short narrow ultrathin super- conducting film strip (sized approximately 4x1x0.01 pm 3 ), which is in good thermal contact with the thermostat, serves as a resistive load for infrared or submillimeter current. In contrast to conventional isothermal super- conducting bolometers electron-heating ones can have a higher sensitivity which grows when filni. thickness is reduced. Response time of electron- heating bolometer does not depend on heat transfer from the film to the enviroment. To calculate the sensitivity (NEP), we have used experimental data on wideband Al, Nb and NbN bolometers which have the same un- derlying physical mechanism. The bolom.eters have been made in the form of a structure composed of a number of long narrow strips. The values of for Al, NEP have been found to be 1.5 . 113 -16 1 140 -15 ) and 2 . 10 – 14werT,-1/2 – Nb and NbN respectively. In the paper, the prospects are also discussed of improving the picosecond YBaCuO detector, developed recently. NEP value of the detector, if combined with a microantenna, can reach the order of 10- •ilz-v2. |
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1657 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I. G.; Heusinger, M. A.; Nebosis, R. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Renk, K. F. |
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Transparency of YBCO film/substrate interfaces for thermal phonons determined by photoresponse measurements |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
Publication |
Proc. 1st European Conf. on Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 1st European Conf. on Appl. Supercond. |
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2 |
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1443-1446 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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Direct measurements of the thermal boundary resistance were performed by means of the stationary method. In this approach the temperature of an electrically heated film is controlled by its dc resistance while an additional film on the same substrate is used as a thermometer monitoring substrate temperature. The temperature field in the substrate is then calculated to deduce the Kapitza temperature step at the interface between the heated strip and the substrate. The main statement of all afore-said papers is that experimental values of the thermal boundary resistance are too large to be explained by the acoustic mismatch model. In this paper we investigate transparency of YBaCuO film/substrate interfaces for thermal phonons by means of photoresponse measurements. We show that our data are in reasonable agreement with the acoustic mismatch theory. |
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Freyhardt, H. C. |
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3-88355-197-X |
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1st European conference on applied superconductivity |
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1661 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Electron-phonon interaction in thin YBaCuO films and fast detectors |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
Publication |
Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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112 |
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184-185 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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The thin. YBaCuO film response to laser and submillimeter radiation demonstrates the picosecond nonequilibrium peak on the nanosecond bolometric background. Experimental data give an evidence for the spectral dependence of picosecond photoresponse probably due to a poor efficiency of electron multiplication processes. Presented results prove an availability of fast YBaCuO thin film detector. |
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Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O. |
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Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992 |
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1662 |
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Heusinger, M. A.; Nebosis,R. S.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Temperature dependence of bolometric and non-bolometric photoresponse of a structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film |
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Conference Article |
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1993 |
Publication |
Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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112 |
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193-195 |
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YBCO HTS detectors |
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We investigated the temperature dependence of the transient voltage photoresponse of a current biased structured YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film in its transition temperature region, around 79 K. Both, picosecond nonbolometric and nanosecond bolometric response to ultrashort far-infrared laser pulses were found for frequencies between 25 cm−1 and 215 cm−1. We will discuss optimum conditions for radiation detection and present an analysis of the dynamical behaviour of excited high T c thin films. |
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Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O. |
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Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992 |
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1663 |
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Sergeev, A. V.; Livanov, D. V. |
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Phonon renormalization of thermoelectric power of high-Tc materials |
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1993 |
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Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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112 |
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204-205 |
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HTS, YBCO |
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Renormalization of thermoelectric power due to Nielsen — Taylor effect (interference between electron-phonon and electron- impurity interactions) is used for the explanation of the temperature dependence and sign of the thermopower in high-Tc materials. In the framework of the model the negative sign of TEP of untwinned YBa2Cu3O7−x crystal in a-direction observed by Howson et. al. is connected to the strong hole scattering via O-vacancies in chains. |
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Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O. |
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Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992 |
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1664 |
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Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Thermal boundary resistance at YBaCuO film-substrate interface |
Type |
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1993 |
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Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences |
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112 |
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405-406 |
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YBCO films |
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Abstract |
The nanosecond voltage response of YBaCuo films on Al2O3, MgO and ZrO2 substrates to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter and visible ranges has been investigated. The analysis of experimental conditions for Al2O3 and MgO substrates shows that the resistance change is monitored by the Kapitza boundary shift of temperature during the temporal interval ~ 100 ns limited by the time of phonon return from a substrate into a film. The observed exponential voltage decay is described by the phonon escape time which is proportional to the film thickness and is weakly temperature dependent. |
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Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O. |
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Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992 |
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1665 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Heating of electrons in resistive state of superconducting films. Detectors, mixers and switches |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Progress in High Temperature Superconductivity |
Abbreviated Journal |
Progress in High Temperature Superconductivity |
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Volume |
32 |
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Pages |
190-195 |
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Keywords |
superconducting films, heating of electrons |
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International Conference on High Temperature Superconductivity and Localization Phenomena , Moscow, Russia , 11 – 15 May 1991 |
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Notes |
https://books.google.co.kr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uCI0DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA190&ots=z7WGjXYWr4&sig=TQ6G6dKsmcj4faYe1ZLw_BFmps8 |
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1666 |
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Author |
Kollberg, Erik L.; Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
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Title |
Hot electron mixers, the potential competition |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation |
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Issue |
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Pages |
201-206 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
There is an urgent need in radio astronomy for low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above about 500 GHz. It is not certain that mixers based on superconducting quasiparticle tunnelling (SIS mixers) may turn out to be the answer to this need. In order to try to find an alternative way for realizing low noise heterodyne receivers for submillimeter waves, so called hot electron bolometric effects for mixing are now being investigated. Two basically different approaches are tried, one based on semiconductors and one on superconductors. Both methods are briefly discussed in this overview paper. |
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ESA Symposium on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation |
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1667 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A.; Semenov, A. D. |
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Title |
Picosecond response of YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Proc. European Conf. High-Tc Thin Films and Single Crystals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. European Conf. High-Tc Thin Films and Single Crystals |
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Pages |
457-462 |
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Keywords |
YBCO HTS detectors |
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Abstract |
Radiation-induced change of the resistance was studied in the resistive state of YBaCuO films. Electron-phonon relaxation time T h was determmed from direct ep measurements and analysis of quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of That TS 40 K was found to – ep be T h.. T'. The resul ts show that ep detectors with the response time of few picosecond at nitrogen temperature can be realized. |
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Gorzkowski, W.; Gutowski, M.; Reich, A.; Szymczak, H. |
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European Conference , Ustroń, Poland , 30 Sept – 4 Oct 1989 |
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no |
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1695 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Effect of electromagnetic radiation on a superconductor in a magnetic field |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
Abbreviated Journal |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
449-451 |
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Abstract |
The effect of electromagnetic radiation on thin superconducting films of Nb with a large number of static defects is investigated experimentally for the case where the film is in the resistive state due to an applied magnetic field and transport current. The results obtained are found to be well described by a model of spatially homogeneous electron heating. It is noted that the results obtained here for Nb films are also valid for Al, NbN, and MoRe films. |
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Russian |
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0367-6765 |
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4th Vsesoiuznyi Seminar po Opticheskomu Detektirovaniiu Magnitnykh Rezonansov v Tverdykh Telakh, Tallin, Estonian SSR, Apr. 1987 |
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1702 |
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Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Elantev, A.; Kagane, M. |
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Title |
Energy-spectrum of small donors and acceptors in germanium and effect of magnetic-field on it |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
Abbreviated Journal |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1142-1148 |
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Keywords |
energy spectrum, Ge, magnetic field |
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no |
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1722 |
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Author |
Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Orlov, L.; Ptitsina, N. |
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Title |
Population of excited-states of small admixtures in germanium |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
Abbreviated Journal |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1154-1159 |
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Keywords |
Ge, excited states, admixtures |
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Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga 39 Dimitrova Ul., 113095 Moscow, Russia |
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no |
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1723 |
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Author |
Blagosklonskaya, L. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Elantev, A. I. |
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Title |
Effect of strong magnetic-field on spectrum of hydrogen-like admixtures in semiconductors |
Type |
Conference Article |
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1978 |
Publication |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
Abbreviated Journal |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1231-1234 |
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Keywords |
spectrum, semiconductors, admixtures, strong magnetic-field |
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Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga 39 Dimitrova Ul., 113095 Moscow, Russia |
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no |
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blagosklonskaya1978effect |
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1724 |
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Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Orlov, L. |
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Investigation of population and ionization of donor excited states in Ge |
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Conference Article |
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1976 |
Publication |
Physics of Semiconductors |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physics of Semiconductors |
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631-634 |
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Ge, donor excited states |
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Amsterdam |
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North-Holland Publishing Co. |
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no |
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Call Number |
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1732 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J.; de Korte, P.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Title |
Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
5498 |
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Pages |
168-176 |
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Keywords |
Hot electron bolometers, bandwidth, noise temperature, experimental |
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Abstract |
NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are at this moment the best heterodyne detectors for frequencies above 1 THz. However, the fabrication procedure of these devices is such that the quality of the interface between the NbN superconducting film and the contact structure is not under good control. This results in a contact resistance between the NbN bolometer and the contact pad. We compare identical bolometers, with different NbN – contact pad interfaces, coupled with a spiral antenna. We find that cleaning the NbN interface and adding a thin additional superconductor prior to the gold contact deposition improves the noise temperature and the bandwidth of the HEB mixers with more than a factor of 2. We obtain a DSB noise temperature of 950 K at 2.5 THz and a Gain bandwidth of 5-6 GHz. For use in real receiver systems we design small volume (0.15x1 micron) HEB mixers with a twin slot antenna. We find that these mixers combine good sensitivity (900 K at 1.6 THz) with low LO power requirement, which is 160 – 240 nW at the Si lens of the mixer. This value is larger than expected from the isothermal technique and the known losses in the lens by a factor of 3-3.5. |
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SPIE |
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Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S. |
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Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II |
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no |
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1744 |
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Author |
Goltsman, Gregory |
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Superconducting thin film nanostructures as terahertz and infrared heterodyne and direct detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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16th ISEC |
Abbreviated Journal |
16th ISEC |
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Th-I-QTE-03 (1 to 3) |
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waveguide SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chipquantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device. |
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IEEE/CSC & ESAS Superconductivity News Forum |
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1745 |
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Averkin, A. S.; Shishkin, A. G.; Chichkov, V. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Karpov, A.; Ustinov, A. V. |
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Tunable frequency-selective surface based on superconducting split-ring resonators |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
8th Metamaterials |
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8th Metamaterials |
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superconducting split-ring resonators |
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We study a possibility to use the 2D superconducting metamaterial as a tunable frequency-selective surface (FSS). The proposed FSS is made of sub-wavelength size (l/14) metamaterial unit cells, where a split-ring resonator is embedded in a small iris aperture in a metal plane. The split-ring resonator is made of NbN film, and its resonance frequency is tuned by the temperature of the sample, changing the kinetic inductance of NbN film. The Ansoft HFSS simulation predicts the FSS tuning range of about 10-20 %. The developed superconducting FSS may be used as a tunable band-pass filter or modulator. |
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Copenhagen, Denmark |
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8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics – Metamaterials |
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1749 |
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Zhang, J.; Verevkin, A.; Slysz, W.; Chulkova, G.; Korneev, A.; Lipatov, A.; Okunev, O.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Title |
Time-resolved characterization of NbN superconducting single-photon optical detectors |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
10313 |
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103130F (1 to 3) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are very promising devices for their picosecond response time, high intrinsic quantum efficiency, and high signal-to-noise ratio within the radiation wavelength from ultraviolet to near infrared (0.4 gm to 3 gm) [1-3]. The single photon counting property of NbN SSPDs have been investigated thoroughly and a model of hotspot formation has been introduced to explain the physics of the photon- counting mechanism [4-6]. At high incident flux density (many-photon pulses), there are, of course, a large number of hotspots simultaneously formed in the superconducting stripe. If these hotspots overlap with each other across the width w of the stripe, a resistive barrier is formed instantly and a voltage signal can be generated. We assume here that the stripe thickness d is less than the electron diffusion length, so the hotspot region can be considered uniform. On the other hand, when the photon flux is so low that on average only one hotspot is formed across w at a given time, the formation of the resistive barrier will be realized only when the supercurrent at sidewalks surpasses the critical current (jr) of the superconducting stripe [1]. In the latter situation, the formation of the resistive barrier is associated with the phase-slip center (PSC) development. The effect of PSCs on the suppression of superconductivity in nanowires has been discussed very recently [8, 9] and is the subject of great interest. |
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SPIE |
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Armitage, J. C. |
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Opto-Canada: SPIE Regional Meeting on Optoelectronics, Photonics, and Imaging, 2002, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
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Notes |
Downloaded from http://www2.ece.rochester.edu/projects/ufqp/PDF/2002/213NbNTimeOPTO_b.pdf This artcle was published in 2017 with only first author indicated (Zhang, J.). There were 8 more authors! |
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Chulcova, G. M.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Sergeev, A. V. |
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Title |
Effect of the interference between electron-phonon and electron-impurity (boundary) scattering on resistivity Nb, Al, Be films |
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Conference Article |
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1996 |
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Czech J. Phys. |
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Czech J. Phys. |
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46 |
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S5 |
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2489-2490 |
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Al, Be, Nb films |
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The temperature dependence of the resistivity of thin Nb, Al, Be films has been studied over a wide temperature range 4-300 K. We have found that the temperature-dependent correction to the residual resistivity is well described by the sum of the Bloch-Grüneisen term and the term originating from the interference between electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering. Study of the transport interference phenomena allows to determine electron-phonon coupling in disordered metals. The interference term is proportional to T2 and also to the residual resistivity and dominates over the Bloch-Grüneisen term at low temperatures (T<40 K). |
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0011-4626 |
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no |
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1767 |
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Author |
Dryazgov, M.; Semenov, A.; Manova, N.; Korneeva, Y.; Korneev, A. |
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Title |
Modelling of normal domain evolution after single-photon absorption of a superconducting strip of micron width |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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Volume |
1695 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012195 (1 to 4) |
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Keywords |
SSPD modelling, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
The present paper describes a modelling of normal domain evolution in superconducting strip of micron width using solving differential equations describing the temperature and current changes. The solving results are compared with experimental data. This comparison demonstrates the high accuracy of the model. In future, it is possible to employ this model for improvement of single photon detector based on micron-scale superconducting strips. |
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1742-6588 |
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no |
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1785 |
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Author |
Manova, N. N.; Simonov, N. O.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Korneev, A. A. |
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Title |
Developing of NbN films for superconducting microstrip single-photon detector |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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Volume |
1695 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012116 (1 to 5) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, NbN films |
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Abstract |
We optimized NbN films on a Si substrate with a buffer SiO2 layer to produce superconducting microstrip single-photon detectors with saturated dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) versus normalized bias current. We varied thickness of films and observed the maximum QE saturation for device based on the thinner film with the lowest ratio RS300/RS20. |
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1742-6588 |
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no |
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Serial |
1786 |
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Author |
Polyakova, M. I.; Korneev, A. A.; Semenov, A. V. |
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Title |
Comparison single- and double- spot detection efficiencies of SSPD based to MoSi and NbN films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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Volume |
1695 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012146 (1 to 3) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, MoSi |
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Abstract |
In this work, we present results of quantum detector tomography of superconducting single photon detector (SSPD) based on MoSi film, and compare them with previously reported data on NbN. We find that for both materials hot spot interaction length coincides with the strip width, and the dependence of single and double-spot detection efficiencies on bias current are compatible with sufficiently large hot-spot size, approaching the strip width. |
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1742-6588 |
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no |
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1787 |
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Author |
Elmanov, Ilia; Elmanova, Anna; Kovalyuk, Vadim; An, Pavel; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Title |
Integrated contra-directional coupler for NV-centers photon filtering |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
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Issue |
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Pages |
354-360 |
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Keywords |
NV-centers, nanodiamonds, quantum photonic integrated circuits, contra-direction coupler, Bragg gratings |
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Abstract |
We modelled an integrated optical contra-directional coupler on silicon nitride platform. Performance of the filter was studied depending on different parameters, including the grating period and the height of teeth of the Bragg grating near 637 nm operation wavelength. The obtained results can be used for a design and fabrication of quantum photonic integrated circuits with on-chip single-photon NV-centers in nanodiamonds. |
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ISSN |
2724-0029 |
ISBN |
978-88-85741-44-7 |
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Conference |
32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1839 |
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Author |
Elmanov, Ilia; Elmanova, Anna; Kovalyuk, Vadim; An, Pavel; Goltsman, Gregory |
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Title |
Silicon nitride photonic crystal cavity coupled with NV-centers in nanodiamonds |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 32-nd EMSS |
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Pages |
344-348 |
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Abstract |
The development of integrated quantum photonics requires a high efficient excitation and coupling of a single photon source with on-chip devices. In this paper, we show our results of modelling for high-Q photonic crystal cavity, optimized for zero phonon line emission of NV-centers in nanodiamonds. Modelling was performed for the silicon nitride platform and obtained a quality factor equals to 6136 at 637 nm wavelength. |
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NV-centers, nanodiamonds |
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2724-0029 |
ISBN |
978-88-85741-44-7 |
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32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium |
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no |
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1840 |
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Author |
Moshkova, M. A.; Morozov, P. V.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Title |
High-efficiency multi-element superconducting single-photon detector |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
11771 |
Issue |
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Pages |
2-8 |
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Keywords |
PNR SSPD, large active area, detection efficiency |
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Abstract |
We present the result of the creation and investigation of the multi-element superconducting single photon detectors, which can recognize the number of photons (up to six) in a short pulse of the radiation at telecommunication wavelengths range. The best receivers coupled with single-mode fiber have the system quantum efficiency of ⁓85%. The receivers have a 100 ps time resolution and a few nanoseconds dead time that allows them to operate at megahertz counting rate. Implementation of the multi-element architecture for creation of the superconducting single photon detectors with increased sensitive area allows to create the high efficiency receivers coupled with multi-mode fibers and with preserving of the all advantages of superconducting photon counters. |
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SPIE |
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Prochazka, I.; Štefaňák, M.; Sobolewski, R.; Gábris, A. |
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Quantum Optics and Photon Counting |
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no |
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Serial |
1795 |
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Author |
Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Zolotov, P. I.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Title |
Influence of deposited material energy on superconducting properties of the WSi films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
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Volume |
781 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012013 (1 to 6) |
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Keywords |
WSi SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
WSi thin films have the advantages for creating SNSPDs with a large active area or array of detectors on a single substrate due to the amorphous structure. The superconducting properties of ultrathin WSi films substantially depends on their structure and thickness as the NbN films. Scientific groups investigating WSi films mainly focused only on changes of their thickness and the ratio of the components on the substrate at room temperature. This paper presents experiments to determine the effect of the bias potential on the substrate, the temperature of the substrate, and the peak power of pulsed magnetron sputtering, which is the equivalent of ionization, a tungsten target, on the surface resistance and superconducting properties of the WSi ultrathin films. The negative effect of the substrate temperature and the positive effect of the bias potential and the ionization coefficient (peak current) allow one to choose the best WSi films formation mode for SNSPD: substrate temperature 297 K, bias potential -60 V, and peak current 3.5 A. |
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1757-899X |
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no |
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Serial |
1798 |
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Author |
Antipov, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Smirnov, K. |
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Title |
Investigation of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in mid-IR range |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. |
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Volume |
781 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012011 (1 to 5) |
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Keywords |
WSi, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Spectral characteristics of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with different surface resistance and width of nanowire strips have been investigated in the wavelength range of 1.3-2.5 μm. WSi structures with narrower strips demonstrated better performance for detection of single photons in longer wavelength range. The difference in normalized photon count rate for such structures reaches one order of magnitude higher in comparison with structures based on NbN thin films at 2.5 μm. |
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1757-899X |
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no |
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1799 |
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Author |
Romanov, N. R.; Zolotov, P. I.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Title |
Development of disordered ultra-thin superconducting vanadium nitride films |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics |
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Pages |
425-426 |
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VN films |
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Abstract |
We present the results of development and research of superconducting vanadium nitride VN films ~10 nm thick having different level of disorder. It is showed that both silicon substrate temperature T sub in process of magnetron sputtering and total gas pressure P affect superconducting transition temperature of sputtered films and R 300 /R 20 ratio defining their level of disorder. VN films suitable for development of superconducting single-photon detectors on their basis are obtained. |
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Russian |
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978-5-7262-2536-4 |
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http://fioconf.mephi.ru/files/2018/12/FIO2019-Sbornik.pdf |
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no |
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Serial |
1802 |
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Author |
Moshkova, M. A.; Divochiy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V. |
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Title |
Characterization of topologies of superconducting photon number resolving detectors |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Photonics and Information Optics |
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Pages |
465-466 |
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PNR SSPD |
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Comparative analysis for different topologies of superconducting single-photon detectors with ability to resolve up to 4 photons in a short pulse of IR radiation has been carry out. It was developed the detector with a system detection efficiency of ~ 85 % at λ = 1550 nm. The possibility of using such detector to restore photon statistics of a pulsed radiation source was demonstrated. |
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Russian |
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978-5-7262-2536-4 |
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http://fioconf.mephi.ru/files/2018/12/FIO2019-Sbornik.pdf |
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no |
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1803 |
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Author |
Мошкова, М. А.; Дивочий, А. В.; Морозов, П. В.; Антипов, А. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В. |
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Title |
Оценка статистики распределения фотонов с использованием многоэлементного сверхпроводникового однофотонного детектора |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Межвузовская научно-техническая конференция студентов, аспирантов и молодых специалистов им. Е. В. Арменского |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
201-202 |
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SSPD |
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Проведен сравнительный анализ топологий сверхпроводниковых однофотонных детекторов с способностью к разрешению до четырёх фотонов в коротком импульсе ИК излучения. Получен детектор, с системной квантовой эффективностью ~85% на λ=1550 нм. Продемонстрирована возможность его использования для распределения числа фотонов импульсного источника излучения. |
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Москва |
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МИЭМ НИУ ВШЭ |
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Russian |
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no |
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1804 |
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Author |
Золотов, Ф. И.; Смирнов, К. В. |
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Title |
Особенности осаждения разупорядоченных сверхтонких плёнок нитрида ванадия |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Межвузовская научно-техническая конференция студентов, аспирантов и молодых специалистов им. Е. В. Арменского |
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Pages |
204-205 |
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VN films |
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Abstract |
В работе изучены особенности роста сверхтонких плёнок нитрида ванадия толщиной ~10 нм. Обнаружено, что при изменении температуры подложки и общего давления газов в процессе осаждения плёнок меняется значение их поверхностного сопротивления вблизи перехода к сверхпроводящему состоянию. |
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Москва |
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МИЭМ НИУ ВШЭ |
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Russian |
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no |
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1805 |
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Author |
Kuznetsov, K. A.; Kornienko, V. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kitaeva, G. K. |
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Title |
Generation and detection of optical-terahertz biphotons via spontaneous parametric downconversion |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Proc. ICLO |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. ICLO |
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Volume |
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Pages |
303 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB applications |
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Abstract |
We study spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in the strongly non-degenerate regime when the idler wave hits the terahertz range. By using the hot-electron bolometer, for the first time the SPDC-generated idler-wave photons were directly detected in the terahertz frequency range. Spectrum of corresponding signal photons was measured using standard technique by the CCD camera. Possible applications of correlated optical-terahertz biphotons are discussed. |
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International Conference Laser Optics |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1806 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Райтович, А. А.; Пентин, И. В.; Золотов, Ф. И.; Селезнев, В. А.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Смирнов, К. В. |
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Title |
Время энергетической релаксации электронов в сверхпроводниковых VN наноструктурах |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Сборник трудов 13 Всероссийской конференции молодых ученых |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
236-238 |
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Keywords |
VN films |
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Abstract |
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Address |
Саратовский филиал ИРЭ им. В.А. Котельникова РАН |
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Publisher |
Техно-Декор |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Наноэлектроника, нанофотоника и нелинейная физика |
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Notes |
http://nnnph.ru/data/documents/Sborni-trudov-NNNF-2018.pdf |
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no |
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Serial |
1807 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schroeder, E.; Mauskopf, P.; Pilyavsky, G.; Sinclair, A.; Smith, N.; Bryan, S.; Mani, H.; Morozov, D.; Berggren, K.; Zhu, D.; Smirnov, K.; Vakhtomin, Y. |
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Title |
On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
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Volume |
9907 |
Issue |
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Pages |
99070P (1 to 13) |
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Keywords |
SPAD, NbN SSPD applications, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes. |
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Publisher |
SPIE |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Malbet, F.; Creech-Eakman, M.J.; Tuthill, P.G. |
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Conference |
Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging V |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1809 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hübers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, Manfred; Krocka, Michael; Mair, Ulrich; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
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Title |
Terahertz heterodyne receiver with a hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Far-IR, Sub-mm, and mm Detector Technology Workshop |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz (THz) heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a µW power from the local oscillator (LO). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, are of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated the performance of the receiver. This yields important information for the development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA)[1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR. |
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Address |
Monterey, CA, USA |
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Editor |
Wold, J.; Davidson, J. |
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Notes |
4 pages; Unconfirmed but cited in https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/1622/1/bedorf.pdf; There is a Program of the Workshop: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/7411055/far-ir-submm-mm-detector-technology-workshop-sofia-usra (there is no title of this article in the Program); There is also identical publication in Proc. ISSTT (Serial: 332, “A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer”). |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1829 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Селиверстов, С. В.; Финкель, М. И.; Рябчун, С. А.; Воронов, Б. М.; Каурова, Н. С.; Селезнев, В. А.; Смирнов, К. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Пентин, И. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Терагерцевый сверхпроводниковый детектор с аттоджоулевым энергетическим разрешением и постоянной времени 25 пс |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Труды XVIII международного симпозиума «Нанофизика и наноэлектроника» |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
91-92 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB |
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Abstract |
Представлены результаты измерения энергетического разрешения терагерцевого сверхпроводникового NbN-детектора на эффектеэлектронного разогрева, работающего при температуре около 10 К. Использование инновационной in situ технологии производства привело к существенному улучшению чувствительности детектора. Увеличение быстродействия детектора было достигнуто за счет реализации дополнительного диффузионного канала охла-ждения электронной подсистемы. Измеренное значение эквивалентной мощности шума на частоте 2.5 ТГц составило 2.0×10-13Вт•Гц-0.5, постоянной времени 25 пс. Соответствующее расчетное значение энергетического разрешения составило 2.5 аДж. |
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Address |
Нижний Новгород, Россия |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1833 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Бурмистрова, А. В.; Девятов, И. А. |
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Title |
Расчет электронного транспорта в гетероструктурах, содержащих многозонные сверхпроводники |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Труды XVIII международного симпозиума «Нанофизика и наноэлектроника» |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
21-22 |
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Keywords |
N/I/Sp junctions |
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Abstract |
В рамках приближения сильной связи теоретически рассчитаны проводимости контактов вида нормальный металл/изолятор/одноорбитальный сверхпроводник с p-типом сверхпроводящего спаривания (N/I/Sp). Объяснено наблюдаемое экспериментально как появление пика при нулевом напряжении, так и его расщепление в зависимости от толщины слоя изолятора. В рамках этой же микроскопической теории развит вариант техники решеточной функции Грина в мацубаровом представлении. Используя разработанный подход, рассчитаны фазовые и температурные зависимости тока Джозефсона для контакта сверхпроводника s-типа и многозонного железосодержащего сверхпроводника (ферропниктида) для различных ориентаций границы по отношению к кристаллографическим осям пниктида. |
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Address |
Нижний Новгород, Россия |
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Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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no |
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Serial |
1834 |
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Author |
Кардакова, А. И.; Финкель, М. И.; Морозов, Д. В.; Ковалюк, В. В.; Ан, П. П.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Время электрон-фононного взаимодействия в сверхпроводниковых пленках нитрида титана |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Труды XVIII международного симпозиума «Нанофизика и наноэлектроника» |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
47-48 |
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Keywords |
TiN films |
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Abstract |
Определены времена электрон-фононного взаимодействия в тонких сверхпроводниковых пленках нитрида титана. Измеренные значения τ_eph находятся в диапазоне от 5.5 нс до 88 нс при температурах 4,2 К и 1,7 К, соответственно, и соответствуют температурной зависимости Т^-3. |
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Address |
Нижний Новгород, Россия |
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Russian |
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no |
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Serial |
1835 |
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Author |
Корнеева, Ю. П.; Михайлов, М. М.; Манова, Н. Н.; Дивочий, А. А.; Корнеев, А. А.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Першин, Ю. П.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Сверхпроводниковый однофотонный детектор на основе аморфных пленок MoSi |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Труды XVIII международного симпозиума «Нанофизика и наноэлектроника» |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
53-54 |
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Keywords |
MoSi SSPD |
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Abstract |
Нами были изготовлены и исследованы однофотонные детекторы на основе сверхпроводящих пленок Mo x Si 1-x двух различных стехиометрий: Mo 3 Si и Mo 4 Si. При температуре 1.7 К лучшие детекторы площадью 7 мкм*7 мкм на основе этих пленок продемонстрировали системную квантовую эффективность 18% при скорости темнового счета 10 с -1 на длине волны 1.2 мкм с использованием неполяризованного источника, длительность импульса – 6 нс, джиттер – 120 пс. |
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Нижний Новгород, Россия |
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Russian |
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no |
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Serial |
1836 |
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Author |
Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Yu; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. |
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Title |
Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application |
Type |
Conference Volume |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Proc. SPBOPEN |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPBOPEN |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
421-422 |
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Keywords |
waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD |
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Abstract |
By adopting a travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices were fabricated. The architecture consists of a superconducting NbN- nanowire atop of a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) nanophotonic waveguide. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector, with up to 92% on-chip detection efficiency (OCDE), in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 10^6 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength. |
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Address |
St. Petersburg, Russia |
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Notes |
Duplicated as 1140 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1256 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Low noise NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers at 1.9 and 2.5 THz |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
S224-S228 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers (HEBs) have been realized with negligible contact resistance between the bolometer itself and the contact structure. Using a combination of in situ cleaning of the NbN film and the use of an additional superconducting interlayer of a 10 nm NbTiN layer between the Au of the contact structure and the NbN film superior noise temperatures have been obtained as low as 950 K at 2.5 THz and 750 K at 1.9 THz. Here we address in detail the DC characterization of these devices, the interface transparencies between the bolometers and the contacts and the consequences of these factors on the mixer performance. |
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0953-2048 |
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no |
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Serial |
558 |
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Author |
Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Title |
Концепция приёмного комплекса космического радиотелескопа «Миллиметрон» |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
10-11 |
Pages |
924-934 |
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russian |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ mix_review_2007_rus |
Serial |
410 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
The concept of the receiving complex for the “Millimetron” space radio telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
10-11 |
Pages |
837-846 |
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Keywords |
HEB, applications, Millimetron, VLBI |
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Abstract |
We consider the current status of research in the development of a submillimeter and far-infrared receiving instrument and propose promising solutions for the receivers of the spaceborne telescope “Millimetron,” which allow one to realize comprehensively the opportunities given by this international project administrated by the Astrospace Center of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. |
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ISSN |
0033-8443 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
411 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Semenov, Alexei D; Gol'tsman, Gregory N; Sobolewski, Roman |
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Title |
Hot-electron effect in superconductors and its applications for radiation sensors |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Superconductor Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
R1-R16 |
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Keywords |
HEB, SSPD |
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Abstract |
The paper reviews the main aspects of nonequilibrium hot-electron phenomena in superconductors and various theoretical models developed to describe the hot-electron effect. We discuss implementation of the hot-electron avalanche mechanism in superconducting radiation sensors and present the most successful practical devices, such as terahertz mixers and direct intensity detectors, for far-infrared radiation. Our presentation also includes the novel approach to hot-electron quantum detection implemented in superconducting x-ray to optical photon counters. |
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0953-2048 |
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416 |
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Divochiy, Aleksander; Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Gaggero, Alessandro; Leoni, Roberto; Mattioli, Francesco; Korneev, Alexander; Seleznev, Vitaliy; Kaurova, Nataliya; Minaeva, Olga; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Lagoudakis, Konstantinos G.; Benkhaoul, Moushab; Lévy, Francis; Fiore, Andrea |
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Title |
Superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detector at telecommunication wavelengths |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Nat. Photon. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat. Photon. |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
302-306 |
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SSPD, photon-number-resolving |
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Abstract |
Optical-to-electrical conversion, which is the basis of the operation of optical detectors, can be linear or nonlinear. When high sensitivities are needed, single-photon detectors are used, which operate in a strongly nonlinear mode, their response being independent of the number of detected photons. However, photon-number-resolving detectors are needed, particularly in quantum optics, where n-photon states are routinely produced. In quantum communication and quantum information processing, the photon-number-resolving functionality is key to many protocols, such as the implementation of quantum repeaters1 and linear-optics quantum computing2. A linear detector with single-photon sensitivity can also be used for measuring a temporal waveform at extremely low light levels, such as in long-distance optical communications, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical time-domain reflectometry. We demonstrate here a photon-number-resolving detector based on parallel superconducting nanowires and capable of counting up to four photons at telecommunication wavelengths, with an ultralow dark count rate and high counting frequency. |
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916 |
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Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
241112 (1 to 3) |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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0003-6951 |
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429 |
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Loudkov, D.; Tong, C. Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB슠mixer as a function of its RF슠embedding impedance |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
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472-475 |
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HEB mixer |
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IEEE |
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371 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Title |
Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
163503 (1 to 3) |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, direct detection effect |
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Abstract |
We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. |
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377 |
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Finkel, M. I.; Maslennikov, S. N.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Terahertz heterodyne receivers based on superconductive hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiophys. Quant. Electron. |
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48 |
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10-11 |
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859-864 |
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HEB, applications |
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We consider recent results in development of hot-electron bolometer mixers. Special attention is paid to optimization of the contacts between the antenna and the active area of a superconducting film. An important result in the study of the parasitic effect of direct detection is obtained during the measurement of the noise temperatures by the hot/cold load method. The latest results of studies of the waveguide hot-electron bolometer mixers and their successful practical applications are considered. Progress in development of high-frequency (over 1.3 THz) heterodyne receivers for several important international projects is discussed and new submillimeter radio astronomy projects ESPRIT and SAFIR are described. |
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0033-8443 |
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381 |
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Финкель, М. И.; Масленников, С. Н.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
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Супергетеродинные терагерцовые приёмники со сверхпроводниковым смесителем на электронном разогреве |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Известия высших учебных заведений. Радиофизика |
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48 |
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10 |
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964-970 |
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russian |
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Duplicated as 381 |
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380 |
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Sobolewski, Roman; Xu, Ying; Zheng, Xuemei; Williams, Carlo; Zhang, Jin; Verevkin, Aleksandr; Chulkova, Galina; Korneev, Alexander; Lipatov, Andrey; Okunev, Oleg; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. |
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Spectral sensitivity of the NbN single-photon superconducting detector |
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2002 |
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IEICE Trans. Electron. |
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IEICE Trans. Electron. |
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E85-C |
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3 |
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797-802 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We report our studies on the spectral sensitivity of superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPD's) capable of GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons. In particular, it has been shown that a NbN SPD is sensitive to 1.55-µm wavelength radiation and can be used for quantum communication. Our SPD's exhibit experimentally measured intrinsic quantum efficiencies from 20% at 800 nm up to 1% at 1.55-µm wavelength. The devices demonstrate picosecond response time (<100 ps, limited by our readout system) and negligibly low dark counts. Spectral dependencies of photon counting of continuous-wave, 0.4-µm to 3.5-µm radiation, and 0.63-µm, 1.33-µm, and 1.55-µm laser-pulsed radiations are presented for the single-stripe-type and meander-type devices. |
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1531 |
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Корнеев, А. А.; Минаева, О.; Рубцова, И.; Милостная, И.; Чулкова, Г.; Воронов, Б.; Смирнов, К.; Селезнёв, В.; Гольцман, Г.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Верёвкин, А.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Квантовая электроника |
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35 |
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8 |
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698-700 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Представлены результаты исследований сверхпроводящих однофотонных детекторов, изготовленных из ультратонкой пленки NbN. Развитие технологического процесса изготовления детекторов, а также снижение рабочей температуры до 2 К позволили существенно увеличить квантовую эффективность: для видимого света (λ = 0.56 мкм) она составила 30%–40%, т.е. достигла предела, определяемого коэффициентом поглощения пленки. С ростом длины волны квантовая эффективность экспоненциально падает, составляя ~20% на λ=1.55 мкм и ~0.02% на λ = 5 мкм. При скорости темнового счета ~10-4s-1 экспериментально измеренная эквивалентная мощность шума составила 1.5 × 10-20 Вт/Гц-1/2; в дальнейшем она может быть уменьшена до рекордно низкого значения 5 × 10-21 Вт/Гц-1/2. Временное разрешение детектора равно 30 пс. |
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Duplicated as 383 (Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector) |
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382 |
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Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G.; Voronov, B.; Smirnov, K.; Seleznev, V.; Gol'tsman, G.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Cross, A.; Alvarez, P.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. |
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Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detector |
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2005 |
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Quantum Electronics |
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35 |
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8 |
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698-700 |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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Superconducting single-photon ultrathin NbN film detectors are studied. The development of manufacturing technology of detectors and the reduction of their operating temperature down to 2 K resulted in a considerable increase in their quantum efficiency, which reached in the visible region (at 0.56 μm) 30%—40%, i.e., achieved the limit determined by the absorption coefficient of the film. The quantum efficiency exponentially decreases with increasing wavelength, being equal to ~20% at 1.55 μm and ~0.02% at 5 μm. For the dark count rate of ~10-4s-1, the experimental equivalent noise power was 1.5×10-20 W Hz-1/2; it can be decreased in the future down to the record low value of 5×10-21 W Hz-1/2. The time resolution of the detector is 30 ps. |
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Сверхпроводящий однофотонный детектор на основе ультратонкой пленки NbN |
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Rosfjord, Kristine M.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Vikas Anant; Voronov, Boris M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Berggren, Karl K. |
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Nanowire Single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating |
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2006 |
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Opt. Express |
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Opt. Express |
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14 |
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2 |
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527-534 |
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SSPD, SNSPD, cavity |
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We have fabricated and tested superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrated detection efficiencies of 57% at 1550-nm wavelength and 67% at 1064 nm. In addition to the peak detection efficiency, a median detection efficiency of 47.7% was measured over 132 devices at 1550 nm. These measurements were made at 1.8K, with each device biased to 97.5% of its critical current. The high detection efficiencies resulted from the addition of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating to a nanowire photodetector, creating an integrated nanoelectrophotonic device with enhanced performance relative to the original device. Here, the testing apparatus and the fabrication process are presented. The detection efficiency of devices before and after the addition of optical elements is also reported. |
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1094-4087 |
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PMID:19503367 |
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388 |
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Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
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Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope |
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2007 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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90 |
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19 |
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191116 (1 t0 3) |
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The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K.
The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433. |
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423 |
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Гершензон, Е. М.; Гершензон, М. Е.; Гольцман, Г. Н.; Семенов, А. Д.; Сергеев, А. В. |
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Неселективное воздействие электромагнитного излучения на сверхпроводящую пленку в резистивном состоянии |
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1982 |
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Письма в ЖЭТФ |
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Письма в ЖЭТФ |
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36 |
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7 |
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241-244 |
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Medium |
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|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
Duplicated as 1717 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
MSPU @ s @ |
Serial |
225 |
|
Permanent link to this record |