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Svechnikov, S. I., Antipov, S. V., Vakhtomin, Y. B., Goltsman, G. N., Gershenzon, E. M., Cherednichenko, S. I., et al. (2001). Conversion and noise bandwidths of terahertz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers. Physics of Vibrations, 9(3), 205–210.
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Verevkin, A., Pearlman, A., Slysz, W., Zhang, J., Currie, M., Korneev, A., et al. (2004). Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications. J. Modern Opt., 51(9-10), 1447–1458.
Abstract: The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3–1.55 μn infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2. at 1.3 μm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers.
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Chandrasekar, R., Lapin, Z. J., Nichols, A. S., Braun, R. M., & Fountain, A. W. (2019). Photonic integrated circuits for Department of Defense-relevant chemical and biological sensing applications: state-of-the-art and future outlooks. In Opt. Eng. (Vol. 58, 1).
Abstract: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs), the optical counterpart of traditional electronic integrated circuits, are paving the way toward truly portable and highly accurate biochemical sensors for Department of Defense (DoD)-relevant applications. We introduce the fundamentals of PIC-based biochemical sensing and describe common PIC sensor architectures developed to-date for single-identification and spectroscopic sensor classes. We discuss DoD investments in PIC research and summarize current challenges. We also provide future research directions likely required to realize widespread application of PIC-based biochemical sensors. These research directions include materials research to optimize sensor components for multiplexed sensing; engineering improvements to enhance the practicality of PIC-based devices for field use; and the use of synthetic biology techniques to design new selective receptors for chemical and biological agents.
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Семенов, А. В., Корнеев, А. А., Лобанов, Ю. В., Корнеева, Ю. П., Рябчун, С. А., Лаврова, О. С., et al. (2012). Поляризация электромагнитной волны вблизи фокуса зеркала и системы зеркал в субтерагерцовом диапазоне частот. Современные проблемы науки и образования, (2).
Abstract: Рассмотрено влияние оптической системы телескопа на поляризацию принимаемого электромагнитного сигнала. Описано изменение поляризации луча при отражении от произвольно ориентированной поверхности зеркала. Учтены искажения поляризации, обусловленные как отклонением лучей от первоначального направления, так и различием в коэффициентах отражения для разных поляризаций в случае неидеального отражения. В рамках метода Френеля получены оценочные формулы, дающие отношение амплитуд поля с исходной поляризацией и с поляризацией, перпендикулярной исходной, вблизи фокальной точки оптической системы. Формулы выведены для нескольких практически важных случаев, в том числе для параболического зеркала и системы двух зеркал. Оценена верхняя граница поляризационных искажений в пределах кружка Эйри. Полученные оценки согласуются с результатами численного расчёта для двухзеркального радиотелескопа субтерагерцового диапазона.
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Zolotov, P., Vakhtomin, Y., Divochiy, A., Seleznev, V., Morozov, P., & Smirnov, K. (2013). High-efficiency single-photon detectors based on NbN films.
Abstract: We present our resent results in development and testing of Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD) with detection efficiencies greater than 85%. High values of obtained results are assigned to proposed design of the detector with integrated resonator structure, including two-layer optical cavity and anti-reflective coating (ARC).
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